Nine years of Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) spring migration behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1501-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piper L Roby ◽  
Mark W Gumbert ◽  
Michael J Lacki
Keyword(s):  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Spring Migration ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Migration Behavior ◽  
Myotis Sodalis ◽  
Indiana Bat ◽  
Migration Corridors ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Nighttime Temperatures ◽  
Spring Emergence

Abstract The endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) congregates in large hibernation groups in winter and travels after spring emergence to form summer maternity colonies, but information on migration behavior in this species remains limited to mostly band recovery observations. We tracked female Indiana bats in spring migration toward summer grounds using aerial radiotelemetry. Adult female Indiana bats were radiotagged in spring from 2009 through 2017, with 15 individuals successfully tracked to summer grounds and an additional 11 bats located in summer grounds via aerial telemetry after migration was complete. This resulted in the location of 17 previously unknown summer grounds for female Indiana bats, including adding Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the summer maternity range. Two of the colonies identified in this study were south of the previously known southernmost colony in Tennessee, expanding the summer maternity range for the species by 178 km. Time-stamped location fixes along the migration path provided information about nightly and overall distances traveled, duration of travel, migration speed, and weather-related influences on bat behavior. Bats traveled 164.6 ± 26.2 km (± SE) on average from hibernacula to summer grounds and were migrating for an average of 7.3 ± 1.4 calendar nights. Bats alternated between foraging and traveling throughout each night of their migration route. Nightly migration rate was 9.9 ± 0.8 km/h and bats were active on the landscape for an average of 6.1 ± 0.4 h/night. Lower nighttime temperatures and lower barometric pressure correlated with use of layover areas during a migration night. Understanding bat behavior during migration can provide pertinent information for land managers to consider in efforts to conserve potential migration corridors, foraging areas, and roosting habitats of species in decline.

scholarly journals Experts correctly describe demography associated with historical decline of the endangered Indiana bat, but not recent period of stationarity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Thogmartin ◽  
Carol Sanders-Reed ◽  
Jennifer Szymanski ◽  
Lori Pruitt ◽  
Michael Runge
Keyword(s):  
Population Decline ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Myotis Sodalis ◽  
Indiana Bat ◽  
White Nose Syndrome ◽  
Demographic Behavior ◽  
Pup Survival ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Reproductive Rates

Demographic characteristics of bats are often insufficiently described for modeling populations. In data poor situations, experts are often relied upon for characterizing ecological systems. In concert with the development of a matrix model describing Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) demography, we elicited estimates for parameterizing this model from 12 experts. We conducted this elicitation in two stages, requesting expert values for 12 demographic rates. These rates were adult and juvenile seasonal (winter, summer, fall) survival rates, pup survival in fall, and propensity and success at breeding. Experts were most in agreement about adult fall survival (3% Coefficient of Variation) and least in agreement about propensity of juveniles to breed (37% CV). The experts showed greater concordance for adult ( mean CV, adult = 6.2%) than for juvenile parameters ( mean CV, juvenile = 16.4%), and slightly more agreement for survival (mean CV, survival = 9.8%) compared to reproductive rates ( mean CV, reproduction = 15.1%). However, survival and reproduction were negatively and positively biased, respectively, relative to a stationary dynamic. Despite the species exhibiting near stationary dynamics for two decades prior to the onset of a potential extinction-causing agent, white-nose syndrome, expert estimates indicated a population decline of -11% per year (95% CI = -2%, -20%); quasi-extinction was predicted within a century ( mean = 61 years to QE, range = 32, 97) by 10 of the 12 experts. Were we to use these expert estimates in our modeling efforts, we would have errantly trained our models to a rapidly declining demography asymptomatic of recent demographic behavior. While experts are sometimes the only source of information, a clear understanding of the temporal and spatial context of the information being elicited is necessary to guard against wayward predictions.

Summer Habitat and Ecology of the Endangered Indiana Bat, Myotis sodalis

1977 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Humphrey ◽  
A. R. Richter ◽  
J. B. Cope
Keyword(s):  
Myotis Sodalis ◽  
Indiana Bat

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Acoustic Lures for Increasing Indiana Bat Captures in Mist-Nets

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen T. Samoray ◽  
Mark W. Gumbert ◽  
Piper L. Roby ◽  
Gregg A. Janos ◽  
Richard R. Borthwick
Keyword(s):  
Past Research ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Myotis Sodalis ◽  
North Central ◽  
Lasiurus Borealis ◽  
Indiana Bat ◽  
White Nose Syndrome ◽  
Social Calls ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mist Net

Abstract As bat (Chiroptera) populations continue to decline in the eastern United States due to threats such as white-nose syndrome and interactions with wind facilities, capturing already rare species such as the federally endangered Indiana bat Myotis sodalis to assess health and demographics has become increasingly difficult. Mist-nets are a standard method for capturing and studying bats, but bats have the ability to escape from or avoid mist-nets. Past research has shown that the use of acoustic lures may increase mist-net capture success. Using prerecorded Indiana bat social calls, we tested the effectiveness of acoustic lures on capture rates across 24 nights at 37 sites in summers 2013 and 2014 in north-central Kentucky. Each site consisted of two nets (treatment and control) placed >35 m apart: we placed an acoustic lure set 1 m in front of the treatment net, whereas the control net received no lure. At the species level, we recorded significantly more captures in treatment nets (n = 262) than in control nets [n = 128; t(36) = 5.08, P < 0.001]. However, although we found a trend toward higher Indiana bat captures, the only species' with significant positive responses were evening bats Nycticeius humeralis [t(15) = 6.25, P < 0.001] and eastern red bats Lasiurus borealis [t(36) = 3.60, P < 0.001]. Further study is required to determine whether modifications to lure settings or call types result in increased Indiana bat captures.

scholarly journals Experts correctly describe demography associated with historical decline of the endangered Indiana bat, but not recent period of stationarity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Thogmartin ◽  
Carol Sanders-Reed ◽  
Jennifer Szymanski ◽  
Lori Pruitt ◽  
Michael Runge
Keyword(s):  
Population Decline ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Myotis Sodalis ◽  
Indiana Bat ◽  
White Nose Syndrome ◽  
Demographic Behavior ◽  
Pup Survival ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Reproductive Rates

Demographic characteristics of bats are often insufficiently described for modeling populations. In data poor situations, experts are often relied upon for characterizing ecological systems. In concert with the development of a matrix model describing Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) demography, we elicited estimates for parameterizing this model from 12 experts. We conducted this elicitation in two stages, requesting expert values for 12 demographic rates. These rates were adult and juvenile seasonal (winter, summer, fall) survival rates, pup survival in fall, and propensity and success at breeding. Experts were most in agreement about adult fall survival (3% Coefficient of Variation) and least in agreement about propensity of juveniles to breed (37% CV). The experts showed greater concordance for adult ( mean CV, adult = 6.2%) than for juvenile parameters ( mean CV, juvenile = 16.4%), and slightly more agreement for survival (mean CV, survival = 9.8%) compared to reproductive rates ( mean CV, reproduction = 15.1%). However, survival and reproduction were negatively and positively biased, respectively, relative to a stationary dynamic. Despite the species exhibiting near stationary dynamics for two decades prior to the onset of a potential extinction-causing agent, white-nose syndrome, expert estimates indicated a population decline of -11% per year (95% CI = -2%, -20%); quasi-extinction was predicted within a century ( mean = 61 years to QE, range = 32, 97) by 10 of the 12 experts. Were we to use these expert estimates in our modeling efforts, we would have errantly trained our models to a rapidly declining demography asymptomatic of recent demographic behavior. While experts are sometimes the only source of information, a clear understanding of the temporal and spatial context of the information being elicited is necessary to guard against wayward predictions.

Impacts of Information Propagation on Individual Migration Routes and Epidemic Spread Over Metapopulation Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Wang ◽  
Min Gou ◽  
Yuexing Han
Keyword(s):  
Information Transmission ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Migration Behavior ◽  
Information Propagation ◽  
Epidemic Spread ◽  
Epidemic Threshold ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution

Abstract Information propagation driven by the epidemic may cause the awareness of individuals to change their behavior, thus preventing themselves from being infected. For example, the aware individuals migrate away from areas with severe infection. In this paper, we study the coupling transmission of epidemic and information in metapopulation networks, and mainly explore how the change of individual migration behavior affects the epidemic spreading. Combined with the transition probability tree of individual states, we use Markov chain approach for theoretical analysis and derive the epidemic threshold. Through numerous Monte Carlo simulation, we verify the accuracy of Markov equations for the prediction of epidemic sprading. The results show that the role of information transmission in suppressing the epidemic in terms of the epidemic threshold and the infection scale is very limited. Further increase of information transmission rate beyond its critical value will no longer affect the epidemic. The initial population distribution is a fundamental factor in the epidemic dynamics, and in the case of heterogeneous distribution, an appropriate movement of individuals can delay the epidemic spread with a smaller threshold. In addition, topological homogeneity of individual migration route is beneficial for the epidemic control. This study analyzes the interaction between epidemic and information on the metapopulation network model, which can provide guidance for epidemic intervention in reality.

Location-specific consequences of beach seine and gillnet capture on upriver-migrating sockeye salmon migration behavior and fate

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 2011-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur L. Bass ◽  
Scott G. Hinch ◽  
David A. Patterson ◽  
Steven J. Cooke ◽  
Anthony P. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Time ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Migration Behavior ◽  
Beach Seine ◽  
Gill Net ◽  
Total Impact ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Incidental Mortality

Fish released after capture, or fish interacting with gear but escaping, sometimes experience fishing-related incidental mortality (FRIM). For adult Pacific salmon migrations, knowing the magnitude of FRIM is important to estimate escapement accurately and to understand the total impact of a specific fishery. To determine how multiple gear types are associated with FRIM at different levels of maturity, we captured sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) by both gill net and beach seine at three locations along their migration route (10%, 26%, and 72% of a 500 km freshwater migration) and determined their migratory success using biotelemetry. FRIM was higher for fish captured by gill net except at the location closest to spawning grounds. In addition, salmon captured by gill net at the lower river locations temporarily delayed migration, potentially indicating a requirement for lengthier recovery time compared with beach-seined fish. These results provide the first empirical and parallel comparison of these two common in-river fishing methods for salmon, revealing clear differences in FRIM between the two fishing methods in lower river fisheries and the importance of maturity.

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