Multiple lines of evidence reveal a composite of species in the plateau mouse, Peromyscus melanophrys (Rodentia, Cricetidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1583-1598
Author(s):  
Celia López-González ◽  
Diego F García-Mendoza ◽  
Juan Carlos López-Vidal ◽  
Cynthia Elizalde-Arellano
Keyword(s):  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
Tropical Deciduous Forests ◽  
Los Grupos

AbstractPeromyscus melanophrys is a Mexican endemic distributed in seasonal tropical forests and semiarid lands. Molecular work based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers proposed the existence of four haplogroups within P. melanophrys. Peromyscus mekisturus (Puebla deer mouse) was included in one of these haplogroups. We tested the consistency between this hypothesis and external morphology, quantitative and qualitative cranial attributes, and ecological data for a sample of 1,155 specimens spanning the species distribution. We found ecological and morphological consistency with the phylogenetic pattern for P. melanophrys but not for P. mekisturus. We reassessed the taxonomic and nomenclatural status of the populations and type specimens formerly included in P. melanophrys. We concluded that these populations constitute four species: P. zamorae (Zamora deer mouse), distributed in the Mexican Plateau at elevations > 1,500 m; P. micropus (small-footed deer mouse), from lowland tropical deciduous forests of the San Pedro-Mezquital and Lerma-Santiago basins in western Mexico; P. melanophrys (black-eyed deer mouse) from lowland tropical deciduous forests of southeastern Mexico as far as eastern Oaxaca; and P. leucurus (Tehuantepec deer mouse), partially sympatric with P. melanophrys but reaching as far as Chiapas. Data on P. mekisturus were contradictory, and thus was kept as a valid species.Peromyscus melanophrys es un roedor endémico de México, distribuido en bosques tropicales caducifolios y regiones semiáridas. Datos moleculares usando marcadores mitocondriales y nucleares indicaron la existencia de cuatro haplogrupos dentro de P. melanophrys. Peromyscus mekisturus (ratón de Puebla) se incluyó dentro de uno de éstos. Con base en una muestra de 1,155 ejemplares de toda la distribución de la especie, se examinó si esta hipótesis era consistente con datos de morfología externa y craneal, morfometría e información ecológica. Se encontró coincidencia para P. melanophrys pero no para P. mekisturus. Estos resultados hicieron necesaria la reevaluación del estado taxonómico y nomenclatural de las poblaciones incluidas en P. melanophrys. Se concluye que existen cuatro especies dentro de lo que se conocía como P. melanophrys: P. zamorae (ratón de Zamora) distribuido en el Altiplano Mexicano a elevaciones ≥ 1,500 m; P. micropus (ratón de pata pequeña) distribuido en los bosques tropicales caducifolios de las cuencas San Pedro-Mezquital y Lerma-Santiago en el occidente de México; P. melanophrys (ratón de ojo oscuro) de los bosques y matorrales tropicales caducifolios del sureste de México, al menos hasta el este de Oaxaca, y P. leucurus (ratón de Tehuantepec) parcialmente simpátrico con P. melanophrys pero llegando hasta el estado de Chiapas. La información disponible no permitió asignar a P. mekisturus a ninguno de los grupos y por tanto se sigue considerando como especie válida.

scholarly journals Rates Versus Counts: Fall Molts of Lucy's Warblers (Vermivora Luciae)

The Auk ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 806-814
Author(s):  
Sievert Rohwer ◽  
Adolfo G. Navarro ◽  
Gary Voelker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Southwestern United States ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Tropical Deciduous Forests ◽  
Northwestern Mexico

AbstractNew specimens from Sinaloa, Mexico, as well as two older specimens, show that both adult and recently fledged Lucy's Warblers (Vermivora luciae) often move far south of their breeding grounds to molt in the tropical deciduous forests of northwestern Mexico. Remarkably, the first preformative (= first prebasic) molt is complete in Lucy's Warblers, including the replacement of flight feathers, primary coverts, and rectrices; thus, previous aging criteria based on the wear and appearance of these feathers are invalid. We suggest that the recent conclusion that Lucy's Warblers molt on their breeding grounds (Voelker and McFarland 2002) is an artifact of more collecting in the southwestern United States than in western Mexico during late summer. An index of relative collecting in Mexico and the United States, as well as data from constant-effort mist netting, suggest that most Lucy's Warblers move south to molt.Tasas versus Conteos: Mudas de Otoño de Vermivora luciae

Croton lindquistii (Euphorbiaceae): a new arborescent species from western Mexico

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
VICTOR W. STEINMANN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tropical Deciduous Forests ◽  
A New Species

Croton lindquistii, a new species in Croton subg. Geiseleria sect. Eluteria subsect. Eluteria, is described and illustrated. It occurs in the tropical deciduous forests of western Mexico from Sonora to Oaxaca. The species is economically important, and during the past four decades, plants have been extensively harvested for their straight, hard, and durable trunks that are used as fence posts and stakes in agricultural fields. Although the exact affinities of C. lindquistii are unknown, it is similar to both C. niveus and C. pseudoniveus. It differs from the former by having ovate to cordiform leaves, fruiting pedicels less than 3 mm long, and spiciform thyrses that are very compact with the axis obscured by the buds. It differs from the latter by having 15–16 stamens per flower and stellate-pubescent ovaries and fruits. The name Croton fantzianus has been misapplied to Croton lindquistii. A key is provided that distinguishes the new species from the five other members of Croton sect. Eluteria subsect. Eluteria that have ovaries and fruits with stellate pubescence.

Beaucarnea olsonii (Ruscaceae), a new species of ponytail palm from southwestern Puebla, Mexico

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 286 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
VANESSA ROJAS-PIÑA ◽  
LEONARDO O. ALVARADO-CÁRDENAS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Tropical Deciduous Forests ◽  
A New Species

Beaucarnea olsonii is described and illustrated from tropical deciduous forests of SW Puebla, Mexico. The new species can be distinguished from other Beaucarnea species by its massively swollen base that abruptly tapers into slender branches, by its conspicuously long stigma, and by its pedicel articulation that occurs at 2/3 of the length of the pedicel below the flower. With this new addition, the total number of endemic species of Beaucarnea for Mexico increases to 10, making this country the greatest center of diversification and endemism for the genus. We also provide a distribution map and a conservation status recommendation for the new species, as well as a key to the Beaucarnea species of southern central Mexico.

A new species of Dichelyne (Nematoda, Cucullanidae) parasitizing sciaenid fishes from off the South American Atlantic coast

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Timi ◽  
Ana Lanfranchi ◽  
Luiz Tavares ◽  
José Luque
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
South American ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Pacific Waters ◽  
A New Species

AbstractA new nematode species Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) sciaenidicola sp. nov. is described based on specimens collected from the Whitemouth croaker Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest) and the Argentine croaker Umbrina canosai Berg, from coastal waters of Argentina and Brazil. These nematodes were firstly identified as D. (C.) elongatus (Törnquist, 1931), a commonly reported species from M. furnieri in South American Atlantic waters. However, other species of Dichelyne have so far been reported from this host in the same area, namely D. (C.) rodriguesi (Pinto, Fábio et Noronha, 1970), D. (C.) amaruincai (Freitas, Vicente et Ibañez, 1969) and D. (Dichelyne) micropogonii Pereira et Costa, 1996. A careful re-examination of these parasites, as well as of type specimens of all species reported from M. furnieri, revealed that these nematodes represented a new species. The new species is distinguished from most of its congeners by having papillae 5–7 and 9 forming a subventral line close to cloaca, this feature is shared with other 6 species [D. (C.) dichelyneformis (Szidat, 1950), D. (C.) fraseri (Baylis, 1929), D. (C.) abbreviatus (Rudolphi, 1819), D. (C.) adriaticus (Törnquist, 1931), D. (C.) minutus (Rudolphi, 1819) and D. (C.) mariajuliae Alarcos, Timi, Etchegoin et Sardella, 2006)], which are readily distinguished by their body size, spicules length, distribution patterns of other papillae and position of the excretory pore and deirids. Also, D. (C.) elongatus from Umbrina canariensis (Valenciennes) from West Africa is established as a new species Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) yvonnecampanae sp. nov.; D. (C.) amaruincai from Pacific waters is considered as a valid species, D. (D.) micropogonii is regarded as species inquirendae and D. (C.) rodriguesi is identified as Cucullanus sp.

A new species and new records ofMagelona(Annelida: Magelonidae) from Chabahar Bay, Gulf of Oman, South-eastern Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 1537-1552
Author(s):  
Arash Shakouri ◽  
Kate Mortimer ◽  
Esmaeil Dehani
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Gulf Of Oman ◽  
Chabahar Bay ◽  
Eastern Iran ◽  
Iranian Coast ◽  
The Persian Gulf

The infauna of Chabahar Bay (Iranian Coast of the Gulf of Oman) was investigated using shallow water (less than 10 m) grab-samples between June 2013 and March 2014. The magelonid fauna of these samples was studied and prioritized, with four species being present:M. fauchaldisp. nov.,M. symmetrica, M.cf.cinctaandM. crenulifrons. The new species differs from all known magelonid species within the Persian Gulf region in possessing polydentate abdominal hooks. A fifth species, currently undescribed, was also found. The validity ofM. pulchellaoriginally described from Kuwait is discussed in light of its closeness toM. crenulifrons. The main distinguishing feature between the two species is the presence or absence of crenulation of the anterior prostomial margin, a character shown to be variable inM. crenulifrons. Although differences between the type specimens of both species suggestsM. pulchellato be a valid species, examination of further material and DNA analysis is needed.

A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4961 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-85
Author(s):  
HELEN K. LARSON ◽  
MICHAEL P. HAMMER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Gobiid Fish ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Initial Focus

The tridentigerine genus Pseudogobius is widespread, from temperate to tropical areas of the Indo-west Pacific. A morphological review of the genus was carried out, with the initial focus on South-east Asian and Australian species. There are about 21 nominal species in the genus; however, the type specimens for some nominal species are missing. Our work recognises 15 valid species so far, including seven new species, which are described herein: P. aquilonius n. sp., P. cinctus n. sp., P. eos n. sp., P. hoesei n. sp., P. jeffi n. sp., P. rhizophora n. sp. and P. verticalis n. sp. We also conclude that P. poicilosoma (Bleeker, 1849) is the senior synonym of P. javanicus (Bleeker, 1856). Pseudogobius poicilosoma, P. gastrospilos (Bleeker, 1853) and P. javanicus are accepted here as conspecific, although the types are in poor condition (note that all three names were given to specimens collected within close proximity to each other in coastal Java, Indonesia). A key to valid species is presented. The revision benefited from an adaptive feedback loop with companion genetic analyses, with the most comprehensive data available for the Australian region. Broader preliminary genetic data suggest the potential for recognition of additional cryptic species, with the current study providing a platform for future systematic work. Pseudogobius are a prominent part of estuarine biodiversity in the Indo-west Pacific, and this study helps to highlight the need to better understand the taxonomy and conservation requirements of cryptobenthic fishes. 

Introducción

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Consuelo Biskupovic ◽  
Eduardo Canteros
Keyword(s):  
San Pedro ◽  
Los Grupos

Los trabajos aquí reunidos son parte de una labor colectiva iniciada en el año 2009, cuando invitamos a Daniel Cefaï a Chile (gracias a las gestiones del Doctorado en Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Chile y a Emmanuelle Barozet) para que presentara dos ejes centrales de su trabajo: una reflexión sobre la movilización colectiva1 y otra –traducida y publicada en este número– sobre etnografía. De manera paralela a este encuentro se desarrolló una mesa para el VII Congreso Chileno de Antropología, celebrado en San Pedro de Atacama. Esta se tituló “Antropología & microsociología: etnografías de la acción colectiva y conflictos urbanos”. En dicha ocasión, a base de una serie de investigaciones doctorales, se discutió la pertinencia de la mirada inductiva, instancia en la que participaron Daniel Cefaï y Francisca Márquez, aportando comentarios y propuestas. Frente a las grandes movilizaciones sociales ocurridas en el país, parecía urgente un debate sobre la acción colectiva desde las ciencias sociales y, en especial, desde la tradición micro. En este caso, el debate no estaría centrado únicamente en el análisis de los procesos colectivos, entendidos bajo la clave de la sociedad del trabajo, como se venían estudiando desde los años 1980, ni tampoco de los estudios de la ciudadanía desde la matriz sociopolítica de la década de 1990, sino que se enfocaría –desde dentro– en la cultura cívica en interacción (Eliasoph y Lichterman, 2011), especialmente en contextos donde emergieran disputas o controversias. Dados estos pasos, a fines de 2012, gracias al espacio otorgado por revista Persona y Sociedad,2 se hizo un llamado a distintos investigadores, invitándolos a presentar trabajos sobre acción colectiva desde una mirada etnográfica o microsociológica. Es así como se han reunido aquí cinco artículos que buscan llevar a la práctica el debate sobre el método etnográfico propuesto por Cefaï, a partir del encuentro antes señalado. Esperamos que el resultado sea una propuesta novedosa sobre la manera de cómo acercarse y comprender diferentes fenómenos políticos actuales. Esta propuesta consta, grosso modo, de cinco elementos clave. En primer lugar, existe una intención por considerar la acción colectiva de manera emergente y/o performativa, investigando primero que nada grupos específicos (asociaciones, sindicatos, unidades barriales, etc.), y descubriendo desde sus prácticas los conceptos o enfoques teóricos que permitan el análisis de la realidad a la que nos enfrentamos en terreno. En segundo lugar, proponemos un enfoque de lo político que muestra la capacidad que tienen diferentes agrupaciones, organizaciones y actores sociales para crear espacios de discusión, negociación y conflicto, en y desde la vida cotidiana. A partir de esta última idea, emergen el tercer y cuarto elemento, los cuales de manera conjunta se pueden plantear de la siguiente manera: la configuración de un problema como público (ver Márquez, 2011), gracias al trabajo cotidiano de colectivos ciudadanos. Así, como tercer elemento aparece la construcción de un problema público –o publicización–, la que se refiere a la lucha que llevan a cabo los colectivos para constituir arenas de debate, participar en la escena pública y contribuir a definir las situaciones problemáticas a las que aquellos se enfrentan día a día. De este modo, nos interesa ver cómo los colectivos participan de una cultura cívica y política, haciendo de su problema, conflicto o preocupación, un asunto que también concierne a otros. Un cuarto elemento es el interés por la vida cotidiana, entendida en tanto escenario y en cuanto problema. Se trata del escenario en donde se desarrollan los problemas y desde donde los actores proponen soluciones; este es el telón de fondo desde el cual se irán desplegando y cristalizando las acciones colectivas. La vida cotidiana es donde, como plantea Giannini (2004), aparentemente no pasa nada, pero donde se toman decisiones o se ponen en práctica acuerdos y pasos a seguir. Por consiguiente, la vida cotidiana es un lugar problemático para los grupos, ya que en dicho lugar y espacio deben resolver cómo organizarse para llevar adelante sus causas, cómo perdurar en el tiempo, mantener un discurso, poner límites y mantener lazos dentro del grupo (Eliasoph y Lichterman, 2011). Como quinto elemento, los trabajos presentados aquí son una apuesta por la etnografía y la microsociología que permite dar cuenta de los pequeños espacios cotidianos que dan cuerpo a las grandes batallas ciudadanas que enfrentamos hoy en día. Los artículos aquí reunidos, finalmente, no deben ser atendidos como una muestra exhaustiva de esta perspectiva, sino más bien como una invitación a discutir acerca de las formas posibles y pertinentes para analizar los conflictos sociales contemporáneos y el actuar de los colectivos. 1 Este trabajo fue publicado en español: Cefaï (2011). 2 Queremos agradecer el apoyo recibido de Francisca Márquez, así como el trabajo de evaluación y edición liderado por Isaac Caro. Referencias bibliográficas Cefaï, D. (2011). Diez propuestas para el estudio de las movilizaciones colectivas. De la experiencia al compromiso. Revista de Sociología 26, 137-166. Giannini, H. (2004). La “reflexión” cotidiana. Hacia una arqueología de la experiencia. Santiago: Universitaria. Eliasoph, N., & Lichterman, P. (2011). Culture en interaction. Une ethnographie des styles de groupe de deux organisations civiques en Californie. En M. Berger, D. Cefaï, & C. Gayet-Viaud, Du Civil Au Politique: Ethnographies Du Vivre-Ensemble (pp. 355-400). Bruselas: P.I.E.-Peter Lang. Márquez Murrieta, A. (2011). Cartografía de una concepción de los problemas públicos. Acta Sociológica 0 (55). Disponible en http://www.journals.unam.mx/index.php/ras/article/ view/27984 [abril 2013].

scholarly journals The taxonomic history of Indo-Papuan groundsnakes, genus Stegonotus Duméril et al., 1854 (Colubridae), with some taxonomic revisions and the designation of a neotype for S. parvus (Meyer, 1874)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4512 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
CHRISTINE M. KAISER ◽  
HINRICH KAISER ◽  
MARK O’SHEA
Keyword(s):  
New Guinea ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
History Of ◽  
Original Species ◽  
Species Specific

Since its conceptualization in 1854, 29 species of the colubrid genus Stegonotus have been recognized or described, of which 15 (admiraltiensis, batjanensis, borneensis, cucullatus, derooijae, diehli, florensis, guentheri, iridis, heterurus, melanolabiatus, modestus, muelleri, parvus, poechi) are still considered valid today. Original species descriptions for the members of this genus were published in Dutch, English, French, German, and Italian and, perhaps as a consequence of these polyglot origins, there has been a considerable amount of confusion over which species names should be applied to which populations of Stegonotus throughout its range across Borneo, the Philippines, Wallacea, New Guinea, Australia, and associated archipelagos. In addition, the terminology used to notate characteristics in the descriptions of these forms was not uniform and may have added to the taxonomic confusion. In this paper, we trace in detail the history of the type specimens, the species, and the synonyms currently associated with the genus Stegonotus and provide a basic, species-specific listing of their characteristics, derived from our examination of over 1500 museum specimens. Based on our data, we are able to limit the distribution of S. modestus to the islands of Ambon, Buru, and Seram in the central Moluccas of Indonesian Wallacea. We correct the type locality of S. cucullatus to the Manokwari area on the Bird’s Head Peninsula of West Papua, Indonesian New Guinea and designate a neotype for S. parvus, a species likely to be a regional endemic in the Schouten Archipelago of Cenderawasih Bay (formerly Geelvink Bay), Indonesian New Guinea. We unequivocally identify and explain the problematic localities of the type specimens of S. muelleri and Lycodon muelleri, which currently reside in the same specimen jar. We remove L. aruensis and L. lividum from the synonymy of S. modestus and recognize them as S. aruensis n. comb. and S. lividus n. comb., respectively. We remove S. keyensis and Zamenophis australis from the synonymy of S. cucullatus and recognize them as S. keyensis n. comb. and S. australis n. comb., respectively. We further remove S. reticulatus from the synonymy of S. cucullatus, S. dorsalis from the synonymy of S. diehli, and S. sutteri from the synonymy of S. florensis. We designate lectotypes for S. guentheri, S. heterurus, S. lividus, and S. reticulatus. Lastly, we introduce S. poechi, a valid species not mentioned in the scientific literature since its description in 1924. This brings the diversity in the genus Stegonotus to 22 species. We also caution that in a complex group of organisms like Stegonotus any rush to taxonomic judgment on the basis of molecular and incomplete morphological data sets may perpetuate errors and introduce incongruities. Only through the careful work of connecting type material with museum specimens and molecular data can the taxonomy and nomenclature of complex taxa be stabilized. 

scholarly journals Taxonomic review of Colombian Parodon (Characiformes: Parodontidae), with descriptions of three new species

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Londoño-Burbano ◽  
César Román-Valencia ◽  
Donald C. Taphorn
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
River Drainage ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Maracaibo Basin ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Magdalena River

We review species of Parodon Valenciennes, 1850 from the Magdalena, Cauca, Orinoco, Amazonas, Atrato and Caribbean-Guajira River basins of Colombia using meristic and morphological characters. We recognize eight valid species, five previously described: P. apolinari Myers, from the Orinoco River basin; P. buckleyi Boulenger and P. pongoensis (Allen) from the upper Amazon; P. caliensis Boulenger, from the upper Cauca River drainage; and P. suborbitalis Valenciennes, from Lake Maracaibo basin. Three new species are described: P. alfonsoi, from the lower Magdalena River drainage; P. magdalenensis, from the middle Magdalena and upper Cauca River drainages; and P. atratoensis, from the Atrato River basin. We redescribe Parodon suborbitalis using type specimens and topotypes, and designate lectotypes. A taxonomic key is included for identification of the species, as well as geographic distribution maps.

In search of the real Pseudomallada prasinus (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4571 (4) ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
PETER DUELLI ◽  
MARTIN K. OBRIST
Keyword(s):  
Valid Species ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
The Real ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Color Traits ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Sympatric Morphs

Three sympatric morphs of Pseudomallada prasinus (Burmeister, 1839) were hybridized in search of reproductively     separated species. In addition, 26 morphological and biological traits were recorded for living and preserved specimens of the three morphotypes.                                                                                                         Cross-breeding experiments showed that the prasinoid morph “marianus” is a different species from either the “greenhead” or “sulfurhead” morphs. All three are morphologically and biologically distinct. “Greenhead” and “sulfurhead” are small to medium sized and deposit eggs singly, without obligatory diapause in the second instar. In most specimens of these two smaller “prasinus” morphs there is a red or brown suture below the antennae, which can fade with age or preservation. P. “marianus” is a large species, depositing bundled eggs, with an obligatory diapause in about half of the L2. In none of the collected or reared P. “marianus” was a red or brown suture below the eyes observed. The forewing sizes of the type specimens of Chrysopa prasina Burmeister, 1839, C. coerulea Brauer, 1851, and C. marianus Navás, 1915 differ significantly from those of C. aspersa Wesmael, 1841 and other, later synonymized type specimens such as C. sachalinensis Matsumura, 1911, C. burri Navás, 1914, C. caucasica Navás, 1914, or C. vernalis Navás, 1926. This strongly suggests that the “marianus” morph is the real P. prasinus and the “greenhead” and “sulfurhead” morphs correspond to P. aspersus or one of the later synonymized species with smaller wing size.Pseudomallada marianus (Navás, 1905) is confirmed as a synonym of P. prasinus, depositing bundled eggs, whereas smaller prasinoid morphs, depositing single eggs, are not P. prasinus—and are morphologically distinct from P. abdominalis (Brauer, 1856). Pseudomallada aspersus (Wesmael, 1841) is a valid species, but at this point it is not possible to assign it to one of the prasinoid morphs because most of the live color traits are not discernible in old type specimens. A diagnostic description of the “real” P. prasinus can separate almost all P. prasinus specimens, even in museum collections, from P. aspersus (likely to be the “greenhead” morph) and the Mediterranean “sulfurhead”. 

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