scholarly journals The taxonomic history of Indo-Papuan groundsnakes, genus Stegonotus Duméril et al., 1854 (Colubridae), with some taxonomic revisions and the designation of a neotype for S. parvus (Meyer, 1874)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4512 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
CHRISTINE M. KAISER ◽  
HINRICH KAISER ◽  
MARK O’SHEA
Keyword(s):  
New Guinea ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
History Of ◽  
Original Species ◽  
Species Specific

Since its conceptualization in 1854, 29 species of the colubrid genus Stegonotus have been recognized or described, of which 15 (admiraltiensis, batjanensis, borneensis, cucullatus, derooijae, diehli, florensis, guentheri, iridis, heterurus, melanolabiatus, modestus, muelleri, parvus, poechi) are still considered valid today. Original species descriptions for the members of this genus were published in Dutch, English, French, German, and Italian and, perhaps as a consequence of these polyglot origins, there has been a considerable amount of confusion over which species names should be applied to which populations of Stegonotus throughout its range across Borneo, the Philippines, Wallacea, New Guinea, Australia, and associated archipelagos. In addition, the terminology used to notate characteristics in the descriptions of these forms was not uniform and may have added to the taxonomic confusion. In this paper, we trace in detail the history of the type specimens, the species, and the synonyms currently associated with the genus Stegonotus and provide a basic, species-specific listing of their characteristics, derived from our examination of over 1500 museum specimens. Based on our data, we are able to limit the distribution of S. modestus to the islands of Ambon, Buru, and Seram in the central Moluccas of Indonesian Wallacea. We correct the type locality of S. cucullatus to the Manokwari area on the Bird’s Head Peninsula of West Papua, Indonesian New Guinea and designate a neotype for S. parvus, a species likely to be a regional endemic in the Schouten Archipelago of Cenderawasih Bay (formerly Geelvink Bay), Indonesian New Guinea. We unequivocally identify and explain the problematic localities of the type specimens of S. muelleri and Lycodon muelleri, which currently reside in the same specimen jar. We remove L. aruensis and L. lividum from the synonymy of S. modestus and recognize them as S. aruensis n. comb. and S. lividus n. comb., respectively. We remove S. keyensis and Zamenophis australis from the synonymy of S. cucullatus and recognize them as S. keyensis n. comb. and S. australis n. comb., respectively. We further remove S. reticulatus from the synonymy of S. cucullatus, S. dorsalis from the synonymy of S. diehli, and S. sutteri from the synonymy of S. florensis. We designate lectotypes for S. guentheri, S. heterurus, S. lividus, and S. reticulatus. Lastly, we introduce S. poechi, a valid species not mentioned in the scientific literature since its description in 1924. This brings the diversity in the genus Stegonotus to 22 species. We also caution that in a complex group of organisms like Stegonotus any rush to taxonomic judgment on the basis of molecular and incomplete morphological data sets may perpetuate errors and introduce incongruities. Only through the careful work of connecting type material with museum specimens and molecular data can the taxonomy and nomenclature of complex taxa be stabilized. 

scholarly journals Biodiversity Inventory and Distribution of Metriorrhynchina Net-Winged Beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae), with the Identification of Generic Ranges

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 710
Author(s):  
Ladislav Bocak ◽  
Michal Motyka ◽  
Dominik Kusy ◽  
Renata Bilkova
Keyword(s):  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Biodiversity Inventory ◽  
Australian Continent ◽  
Northern Edge

We reviewed the species-level classification of Metriorrhynchina net-winged beetles to make the group accessible for further studies. Altogether, 876 valid species are listed in a checklist along with known synonyms, combinations, and distribution data. The compilation of geographic distribution showed that Metriorrhynchina is distributed mainly in the Australian region with very high diversity in the islands at the northern edge of the Australian craton, i.e., in the Moluccas and New Guinea (54 and 423 spp. respectively). The neighboring northern part of the Australian continent houses a majority of known Australian species (112 spp.) and the diversity of net-winged beetles gradually decreases to the south (43 spp.). The fauna of Sulawesi is highly endemic at the generic level (4 of 10 genera, 67 of 84 spp.). Less Metriorrhynchina occur in the Solomon Islands and Oceania (in total 22 spp.). The Oriental Metriorrhynchina fauna consists of a few genera and a limited number of species, and most of these are known from the Philippines (51 of 94 Oriental spp.). We identified a high species level turn-over between all neighboring landmasses. The genus-level endemism is high in Sulawesi (4 genera) and New Guinea (11 genera), but only a single genus is endemic to Australia. During the compilation of the checklist, we identified some homonyms, and we propose the following replacement names and a new synonym: Metriorrhynchus pseudobasalis, nom. nov. for M. basalis Lea, 1921 nec M. basalis Bourgeois, 1911; Metriorrhynchus pseudofunestus, nom. nov. for M. funestus Lea, 1921 nec M. funestus (Guérin-Méneville, 1838), Trichalus pseudoternatensis, nom. nov. for T. ternatensis Kleine, 1930 nec T. ternatensis Bourgeois, 1900, Procautires subparallelus, nom. nov. for P. parallelus (Pic, 1926) nec P. parallelus (Bourgeois, 1883), and Cautires pseudocorporaali, nom. nov. for C. corporaali (Pic, 1921: 12), (formerly Odontocerus and Cladophorus) nec C. corporaali (Pic, 1921) (formerly Bulenides, later Cautires). Diatrichalus biroi Kleine, 1943, syn. nov. is proposed as a junior subjective synonym of D. subarcuatithorax (Pic, 1926). Altogether, 161 new combinations are proposed, and 47 species earlier placed in Xylobanus Waterhouse, 1879 transferred from Cautirina to Metriorrhynchina incertae sedis. The study clarifies the taxonomy of Metriorrhynchini and should serve as a restarting point for further taxonomic, evolutionary, and biogeographic studies.

scholarly journals Taxonomic status of Flexopecten glaber ponticus (Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1889) – the Black Sea Flexopecten glaber (Linnaeus, 1758) (Bivalvia: Pectinidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. P. Bondarev
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Marmara Sea ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Republic

The name Flexopecten glaber ponticus (Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1889) is generally used for the only Pectinidae representative inhabiting the Black Sea. It is registered in the Red Book of the Republic of Crimea as endemic subspecies reducing in amount. F. glaber ponticus is listed in WoRMS MolluscaBase as the only accepted subspecies of Flexopecten glaber (Linnaeus, 1758). In the past its taxonomic status has been changed from a geographic variety to valid species. The purpose of this study is to establish its correct taxonomic status. The study is based on a comparative analysis of conchological features of Flexopecten glaber and F. glaber ponticus in relation with the brief natural history of population in the Black Sea. Sampling was performed by snorkel equipment in Kazach’ya Bay (Black Sea, Crimea, Sevastopol) at 2–6 m depths. A total of 100 scallop specimens were sampled in September 2017. To assure a better understanding in a broader context those results are compared with the previously published morphological data based on the analysis of a large amount of material from the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea – Marmara Sea regions. Comparative analysis of conchological features of F. glaber ponticus from the Black Sea with F. glaber from the Mediterranean region has not revealed any distinct differences between them. Thus, there are no evidenced data for the diagnosis of F. glaber ponticus as a subspecies. Species F. glaber appeared in the Black Sea not earlier than 7,000 years ago and formed a well developed population less than 3,000 years ago. We have to conclude that the specified divergence period is not long enough to form a subspecies. As a result of the present survey the subspecific status of F. glaber ponticus is not retained and the name is placed in synonymy of the parent species Flexopecten glaber.

scholarly journals Arcyria versicolor of western mountains, U.S.A. (Myxomycetes: Trichiales: Trichiaceae): a morphological and taxonomic study with observations of nivicolous species

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-459
Author(s):  
Harold W. Keller ◽  
Relf L. Price ◽  
Billy G. Stone ◽  
Edward D. Forrester
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Ecological Group ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Fruiting Body Formation ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
History Of

Arcyria versicolor (Trichiales: Trichiaceae) is a distinct myxomycete species described by William Phillips in 1877. The genus Arcyria dates back to Linnaeus in 1753 through the species A. denudata. Arcyria sporangia are brightly colored red, yellow, grey or white, mostly stalked, often in large groups easily seen with the naked eye. Approximately 54 species are known, many are common, and distributed worldwide. Collectors often encounter these colorful species on decaying logs as clusters of many sporangia often covering extensive areas. Arcyria versicolor, collected in the Valles Caldera National Preserve located in the Jemez Mountains of north central New Mexico, is a new record for the state. The nomenclatural history of this species is reviewed and the justification for selection of the species name versicolor is discussed. Arcyria versicolor is accepted as the valid species name and A. vitellina a synonym after examination of type specimens. Environmental parameters for coloration are discussed in general for fruiting bodies of Arcyria and more specifically for nivicolous snowbank species. Transitional stages of plasmodial color to mature fruiting body formation are described for Arcyria versicolor. More than 140 specimens of Arcyria versicolor fruiting bodies were examined with light microscopy and in part illustrated with multifocal computer stacked imaging. Higher magnifications were highlighted using scanning electron microscopy. A more complete and accurate species description is provided for Arcyria versicolor. Differences of fruiting body morphology including habit, color, dehiscence, peridial inner and outer surface features, capillitial ornamentation and size, spore color, size, and ornamentation, and stalk spore-like bodies are described and illustrated. Observation of type specimens from the type locality is illustrated, discussed, and nomenclatural evaluation given for the name selected. Mountain myxomycetes are reviewed based on the observations of T.H. Macbride and his early 1914 paper published in Mycologia. Collection data is presented that compares the dark-spored and light spored nivicolous myxomycetes in the French Alps. The history of renown collectors of nivicolous myxomycetes in western mountains of U.S.A. documents the discovery and study of this special ecological group of myxomycetes. This current paper is the first in a series from an ongoing research project entitled Myxomycetes of New Mexico.

A redescription of Carcharhinus dussumieri and C. sealei, with resurrection of C. coatesi and C. tjutjot as valid species (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3241 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM T. WHITE
Keyword(s):  
New Guinea ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Tooth Morphology ◽  
Pectoral Fins ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Mouth Width

A taxonomic re-evaluation of the Carcharhinus sealei-dussumieri group using meristic and morphological data revealedthat this group consists of 5 species. Two species, Carcharhinus coatesi (Whitley, 1939) from northern Australia and prob-ably New Guinea and C. tjutjot (Bleeker, 1852) from Indonesian to Taiwan, are resurrected as valid species and togetherwith C. dussumieri and C. sealei are redescribed. Garrick’s lectotype designation of C. dussumieri and C. tjutjot areretained. A neotype for C. sealei, collected from the same locality as the holotype which was destroyed during World WarII, is designated. A fifth, possibly undescribed species (Carcharhinus sp.) is also noted from the Western Indian Oceanand its affinities briefly discussed. The four redescribed species are very similarly morphologically but can be distin-guished by a combination of meristic, morphological, dental and colour characters. The most important characters for dis-tinguishing these species are: vertebral counts, tooth counts, tooth morphology, shape of first dorsal and pectoral fins,second dorsal fin colouration, and mouth width. Two independent molecular studies have produced results which closely correlate with and support the findings of this study.

Description of Gyrodactylus micropteri n.sp. from Micropterus dolomieui in Lake Huron, with a review of the taxonomy of species of Gyrodactylus (Monogenea) parasitizing centrarchid fishes in North America

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1337-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Nicola ◽  
D. K. Cone
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Marginal Hook ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Lepomis Gibbosus ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Micropterus Dolomieui ◽  
Original Species ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Centrarchid Fishes

An extensive collection of Gyrodactylus from centrarchid fishes in Ontario is examined. Gyrodactylus goerani Hanek and Fernando, 1971 is recorded from Ambloplites rupestris in Lake Ontario and Lepomis gibbosus, Lepomis macrochirus, and Pomoxis sp. in Lake Erie. Gyrodactylus macrochiri Hoffman and Putz, 1964 is recorded from L. gibbosus in Algonquin Park. Gyrodactylus micropteri n.sp. is described from Micropterus dolomieui in Lake Huron. The new species has a marginal hook sickle with a blade that toward its tip curves substantially inward. Examination of type specimens of G. goerani, G. macrochiri, and three other species specific to centrarchid fishes in North America (Gyrodactylus gloriosi Rogers, 1968, Gyrodactylus heterodactylus Rogers and Wellborn, 1965, and Gyrodactylus lineadactylus Wellborn, 1967) revealed that the original species descriptions are inadequate with respect to the diagnostically important marginal hook sickles. The haptoral sclerites of these species are redrawn.

scholarly journals A revision of “blanket-hermit crabs” of the genus Paguropsis Henderson, 1888, with the description of a new genus and five new species (Crustacea, Anomura, Diogenidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 752 ◽  
pp. 17-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Lemaitre ◽  
Dwi Listyo Rahayu ◽  
Tomoyuki Komai
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Species Discovery ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Length Width

For 130 years the diogenid genusPaguropsisHenderson, 1888 was considered monotypic for an unusual species,P.typicaHenderson, 1888, described from the Philippines and seldom reported since. Although scantly studied, this species is known to live in striking symbiosis with a colonial sea anemone that the hermit can stretch back and forth like a blanket over its cephalic shield and part of cephalothoracic appendages, and thus the common name “blanket-crab”. During a study of paguroid collections obtained during recent French-sponsored biodiversity campaigns in the Indo-West Pacific, numerous specimens assignable toPaguropsiswere encountered. Analysis and comparison with types and other historical specimens deposited in various museums revealed the existence of five undescribed species. Discovery of these new species, together with the observation of anatomical characters previously undocumented or poorly described, including coloration, required a revision of the genusPaguropsis. The nameChlaenopagurusandersoniAlcock & McArdle, 1901, considered by Alcock (1905) a junior synonym ofP.typica, proved to be a valid species and is resurrected asP.andersoni(Alcock, 1899). In two of the new species, the shape of the gills, length/width of exopod of maxilliped 3, width and shape of sternite XI (of pereopods 3), and armature of the dactyls and fixed fingers of the chelate pereopods 4, were found to be characters so markedly different fromP.typicaand other species discovered that a new genus for them,Paguropsinagen. n., is justified. As result, the genusPaguropsisis found to contain five species:P.typica,P.andersoni,P.confusasp. n.,P.gigassp. n., andP.laciniasp. n.Herein,Paguropsinagen. n., is proposed and diagnosed for two new species,P.pistillatagen. et sp. n., andP.inermisgen. et sp. n.;Paguropsisis redefined,P.typicaand its previously believed junior synonym,P.andersoni, are redescribed. All species are illustrated, and color photographs provided. Also included are a summary of the biogeography of the two genera and all species; remarks on the significance of the unusual morphology; and remarks on knowledge of the symbiotic anemones used by the species. To complement the morphological descriptions and assist in future population and phylogenetic investigations, molecular data for mitochondrial COI barcode region and partial sequences of 12S and 16S rRNA are reported. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis using molecular data distinctly shows support for the separation of the species into two clades, one with all five species ofPaguropsis, and another with the two speciesPaguropsinagen. n.

scholarly journals On the discovery and origin of a Javan population of the Indochinese colubrid snake Dendrelaphis subocularis (Boulenger, 1888): a multivariate study

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan van Rooijen ◽  
Gernot Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Species Concept ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Mainland Population ◽  
Multivariate Study ◽  
Biogeographic Barrier ◽  
Components Analysis

The colubrid snake Dendrelaphis subocularisis distributed throughout Indochina, the southern limit of its range corresponding with the Isthmus of Kra, an important biogeographic barrier that separates the Indochinese biota from the Sundaic biota. This study presents five museum specimens that represent a hitherto unknown population that inhabits the Sundaic island Java. Thus, the distribution of Dendrelaphis subocularisis disjunct, with the Javan population being isolated by 2000 kilometres from the nearest mainland population. Principal Components Analysis was applied to morphological data taken from the five Javan specimens as well as from 26 museum specimens of Indochinese origin. Regression analysis of the spatial pattern of the resulting scores indicated that: 1) the Javan population exhibits negligible morphological differentiation, and 2) a phenetic cline exists from which the Javan population does not appreciably deviate in spite of its isolated status. These findings suggest a vicariant origin of the Javan population entailing climatic changes and formation of land bridges during Pleistocene glaciations. The Javan and Indochinese populations represent independent sister lineages, and are therefore valid species within the framework of a lineage-based species concept. However, to conform to current taxonomic practice, the Javan population is not named separately due to the fact that it is not diagnosable.

scholarly journals The tribe Scrophularieae (Scrophulariaceae): A Review of Phylogenetic Studies

Hacquetia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrshid Riahi ◽  
Farrokh Ghahremaninejad
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Hybrid Speciation ◽  
The North ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstructions ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Review Reports

Abstract Molecular data have been increasingly used to study the phylogenetic relationships among many taxa, including scrophs. Sometimes they have provided phylogenetic reconstructions that are in conflict with morphological data leading to a re-evaluation of long-standing evolutionary hypotheses. In this paper, we review reports of the recent knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships within Scrophularieae (2011–2017). The results of these analyses led to the following conclusions. (1) Species of Scrophularia have undergone one or more Miocene migration events occurred from eastern Asia to the North America with subsequent long dispersal and diversification in three main directions. (2) Allopolyploid and aneuploid hybrid speciation between Scrophularia species can occur, so hybridization and polyploidy have an important role for history of diversification. (3) The ancestral staminode type for the genus Scrophularia seems to be a large staminode. (4) Monophyly of the genus Verbascum with respect to the genus Scrophularia is strongly supported. (5) Oreosolen, is not monophyletic, because all accessions of Oreosolen were nested within Scrophularia. We discuss methods of data collection and analysis, and we describe the areas of conflict and agreement between molecular phylogenies.

Taxonomy and phylogeny of Nitella (Charophyceae, Characeae) from Brazil with emphasis on the midwest and southeast regions

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 356 (3) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
FABIO RENATO BORGES ◽  
ORLANDO NECCHI JR
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Brazilian Studies ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Section Level

The genus Nitella is the most species-rich within the Charales. Brazilian studies on the genus are relatively scarce and consist of floristic surveys, lacking modern and more precise information. This investigation applied scanning electron microscopy to analyze the oospore wall and molecular data associated with traditional morphological characters to analyze forty-two populations of Nitella from the midwest and southeast regions of Brazil. Forty-two new sequences of rbcL, twelve of ITS1 and twenty-three of ITS2 were generated for the five species recognized in this study: Nitella acuminata A. Braun ex Wallman, Nitella axillaris A. Braun, Nitella elegans B. P. Pal, Nitella flagellifera J. Groves & G. O. Allen and Nitella microcarpa A. Braun.. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences of these three markers were congruent in that they grouped our species with others from different countries to form five clades. Our results on ultrastrucure of the oospore wall were consistent with previous studies for the same species from other regions of the world. The data reinforced the conclusion that the use of ornamentation of oospore wall may be extremely useful for the construction of a natural system for Characeae at section level. Molecular evidence, reinforced by morphological data, for the Brazilian material analyzed suggests that Nitella subglomerata A. Braun and Nitella gollmeriana A. Braun could be synonymys of Nitella acuminata; and Nitella axilliformis K. Imahori appears to be the same as Nitella axillaris. However, no formal proposition was made considering that type specimens were not analyzed and these observations were based on a relatively small number of samples strictly from Brazil. We showed that even among geographically distant populations, such as from other continents, of some Nitella species, the degree of identity among DNA sequences was high.

Redescriptions of Eunice filamentosa and E. denticulata and description of E. tovarae n. sp. (Polychaeta: Eunicidae), highlighted with morphological and molecular data

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2880 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIS F. CARRERA-PARRA ◽  
SERGIO I. SALAZAR-VALLEJO
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Tropical Eastern Pacific ◽  
Mexican Pacific ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Variation ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

In a series of studies on eunicids, three Grand Caribbean species Eunice filamentosa, E. denticulata, and E. conglomerans were regarded as synonyms, or part of a species complex with an amphiamerican distribution. The revision of type and additional materials collected in the Grand Caribbean Region (GCR) and along the Mexican Pacific coasts, allowed us to clarify that E. conglomerans is a junior synonym of E. denticulata. Thus, E. filamentosa and E. denticulata are valid species in the GCR; while the specimens from the Tropical Eastern Pacific belong to a newly described species, E. tovarae n.sp. Herein we describe these three species, and some morphological features described in previous studies are reevaluated. Additionally, we found an important genetic divergence in nucleotide sequence variation of COI, which supported the morphological data. E. filamentosa and E. denticulata have a genetic divergence of 19.6%; whereas E. tovarae n. sp. has a genetic divergence of 20.7% from E. denticulata, and a 12.9% divergence from E. filamentosa.

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