Impacts of Timber Harvest on Communities of Small Mammals, Ticks, and Tick-Borne Pathogens in a High-Risk Landscape in Northern California

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres M López-Pérez ◽  
Benjamin Plourde ◽  
Katie Smith ◽  
Francesca Rubino ◽  
Emily Pascoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammal ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Peromyscus Californicus ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Tree Removal ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Local Risk ◽  
Habitat Specialists ◽  
Modest Reduction

Abstract Timber harvest may impact tick-borne disease by affecting small mammal and tick community structures. We assessed tick and small mammal populations in older second-growth redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl) habitat at two harvested sites in Santa Cruz County, California, where local risk of tick-borne disease is high and determined the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in ticks. After single-tree removal harvest in 2014, there was a modest reduction in canopy, primarily toward the end of the study. Harvested sites showed strong reductions in California mouse (Peromyscus californicus, (Gambel)) captures 2-yr after harvest, resolving such that treatments and controls were comparable by the end of the study. Following harvest, treated sites experienced a transient decreased tick infestation while control plots experienced an increase. Ixodes angustus (Neumann) infestation probability on harvested plots decreased immediately after harvest, increasing with time but remaining lower than control plots, whereas I. pacificus (Cooley and Kohls) prevalence was higher shortly after the harvest on harvested plots, and continued to increase. Mean abundance of ticks on vegetation increased on control plots. We detected Borrelia burgdorferi ((Johnson et al.) Baranton) and Anaplasma phagocytophilum ((Foggie 1949) Dumler) in 3.8 and 3.1% of ticks on rodents, but no differences were associated with harvest. Impacts of forest harvest on tick-borne disease depend on removal practice and intensity, whether or not hosts are habitat specialists, and whether or not ticks are host specialists.

The Distribution and economic Importance of Ixodes ricinus (L.) in Wales and the Welsh Border Counties with special Reference to N.W. Cardiganshire

1951 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Owen Evans
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Relative Area ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Nardus Stricta ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Ixodes ricinus is the common tick infesting farmstock in Wales. Dermacentor reticulatus is recorded on cattle and sheep on two farms in N. Cardiganshire.I. ricinus is widely distributed in the four major grassland zones of N.W. Cardiganshire. The most extensive areas of tick infestation are found on the marginal and hill farms. In lowland areas, except on extensive stretches of marshland, infested pastures are confined to isolated tracts of badly managed or poorly drained land. Infested grazings are invariably “rough” and contain one of the following plants as dominant: Festuca spp., Agrostis spp., Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Pteris aquilina or Juncus spp. The degree of infestation of cattle depends on the relative area of the available grazing land colonised by the tick. Continuous stocking of infested pastures results in heavy infestations and vice versa.Bovine piroplasmosis is the major tick-borne disease in N.W. Cardiganshire and predominates in the lowland districts. Outbreaks of the disease on marginal and hill farms are generally infrequent. Reasons are suggested for this phenomenon. Tick pyaemia is confined to lambs on hill grazings. The incidence of this disease is low.The distribution of the tick in Wales and the border counties of Hereford and Salop shows a general relationship to areas of rough grazing. The tick is widespread in the western counties and is almost absent in the border counties. Radnorshire and Breconshire are interesting in that they have few infested farms in relation to the extensive nature of the “rough” grazing. A survey has also been conducted of the incidence of bovine piroplasmosis in Wales.

scholarly journals Molecular identification of Anaplasma / Ehrlichia spp based on 16S rRNA gene in Hyalomma ticks in border line of Iran-Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayyereh Choubdar ◽  
Fateh Karimian ◽  
Mona Koosha ◽  
Jalil Nejati ◽  
Mohammad Ali Oshaghi
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Anaplasma Ovis ◽  
Border Line ◽  
The World ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
16Srrna Gene

Abstract Background Anaplasmosis / Ehrlichiosis are tick-borne diseases affecting human and livestock in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Due to infection both animals and humans and monitoring of ticks and the pathogens they carry, an extensive survey was conducted in border line of Iran-Pakistan of Sistan and Baluchistan, southeast corner of Iran in 2016-2017, where animal husbandry is the main activity of people and every week thousands of cattle cross the borders into the countries. The aim of the survey was to determine the prevalence and geographical distribution of Anaplasmosis / Ehrlichiosis agents in Hyalomma spp hard ticks. Ticks were collected, identified and processed for Anaplasma / Ehrlichia spp DNA detection. Results Six Hyalomma species were found in the region, where Hy. anatolicum was the most prevalent species collected on goats, cattle, and camel. Anaplasma / Ehrlichia genomes were found in 68.3% of the specimens. Anaplasma ovis, A.marginale, and E.ewingii DNAs prevalence were 81.82, 9.09, and 9.09% in the infected ticks respectively. DNA sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the 16SrRNA gene confirmed the detection of these three anaplasmosis agents while they had 99-100% identity with the strains previously reported in genbank from different parts of the world. Conclusion Because A.ovis and A.marginale are important livestock pathogens, and E.ewingii is an important human pathogen, both farmers and people in border line of the countries which engaged in livestock need to be made aware of the risks of tick infestation and the tick-borne disease they transmit.

Cost of Timber Harvest Under Traditional and "New Forestry" Silvicultural Prescriptions

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Keegan III ◽  
Carl E. Fiedler ◽  
Fred J. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Western Montana ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Minor Factor ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Forest Lands ◽  
Silvicultural Prescriptions

Abstract Harvest costs were estimated for New Forestry silvicultural prescriptions designed for application on national forest lands in western Montana. Estimates were derived using an expert opinion format and were compared using constant dollars with actual 1991 costs based on more traditional prescriptions. Costs were developed for three major logging systems(tractor with hand-felling, tractor with mechanical-felling ,and uphill skyline with hand-felling) and four major stand types[lodgepole pine( Pinus contorta), mature ponderosa pine( P. ponderosa)/Douglas-fir(Pseudotsuga menziesii), second-growth pine/fir,and mixed conifer].Average harvest costs for New Forestry prescriptions ranged from no increaset o 48% ($72/mbf)higher.In light of stumpage price increases of >$200/mbf since 1991, these increased costs should be a minor factor in determining the feasibility of future timber harvest.West.J.Appl. For. 10(1): 36•42

scholarly journals Response of small mammals and birds to partial cutting and clearcutting in northwest British Columbia

1998 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 703-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Steventon ◽  
K. L. MacKenzie ◽  
T. E. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Meadow Vole ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Significant Difference

A challenge facing forest managers is providing habitats for wildlife associated with mature or old-growth forests. One approach is to use partial cutting which maintains forest cover while still allowing timber harvest. We compared small mammal (voles, mice and shrews) and bird abundance after two intensities of partial cutting (30% and 60% volume removal) to clearcuts and uncut natural stands in coast-interior transitional forests of British Columbia. The 30% removal resulted in no significant difference in the bird community compared to the uncut stands, while southern red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi) increased in abundance. Bird and small mammal communities in the 60% removal treatment were closer to the uncut forest than to clearcuts, but also included species typical of clearcuts. At least one bird species, Yellow-rumped Warbler (Dendroica coronata), was most abundant in the 60% removal treatment. Several species such as the meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) and Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis) were most abundant in clearcuts, and Lincoln's Sparrow (Melospiza lincolnii) and Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina) were almost exclusively found in clearcuts. Scattered aspen and birch trees left in two of the clearcuts were used as cavity nest trees by Red-breasted Sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus ruber), Hairy Woodpeckers (Picoides villosus), and Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor). We concluded that both of the partial cutting treatments provided habitat for small mammals and birds typical of mature forest, although the heavy removal began to show a shift towards species typical of clearcuts. Because no single treatment was optimal for all species, we recommend that partial cutting be part of a landscape strategy to provide a range of habitat conditions similar to those occurring under natural disturbance regimes. Key words: Partial cutting, clearcutting, silvicultural systems, wildlife habitat, biodiversity, ecosystem management, birds, small mammals

Fish response to contemporary timber harvest practices in a second-growth forest from the central Coast Range of Oregon

2018 ◽  
Vol 411 ◽  
pp. 142-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Bateman ◽  
R.E. Gresswell ◽  
D. Warren ◽  
D.P. Hockman-Wert ◽  
D.W. Leer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Central Coast ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Fish Response

scholarly journals Prevalence of on-host ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in small mammals collected from forest near to human vicinity in Selangor, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1531
Author(s):  
Siti Nabilah Ishak ◽  
Muhammad Afif Yusof ◽  
Shukor Md-Nor ◽  
Shahrul Anuar Mohd Sah ◽  
Fang Shiang Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Ixodes Granulatus ◽  
Small Mammal Species

Ticks are important vectors that transmit a variety of pathogenic microorganisms known to be medically important worldwide. Many vertebrate groups have become host to this organism, and their presence and abundance are an indicator of the condition of both host and its habitat. This study was conducted to determine tick’s infestation and its prevalence on small mammal’s residing in the recreational forests (RF) and semi-urban (SU) residential areas which have encountered Leptospirosis outbreak and cases in Hulu Langat, Selangor Malaysia. Trapping of the small mammals involved deploying two hundred cage traps in a systematic one-hectare plot (100 m x 100 m), as well as along the stream and forest trails at random. Ticks were extracted from the captured individual hosts. Identification of the tick species was performed based on morphological features and molecular approach using 16S rDNA and COI (cytochrome oxidase subunit I) genes. A total of 278 individuals of small mammals belonging to 15 species (13 Rodentia, 1 Scandentia and 1 Insectivora) were captured in the study areas. From these, 34 individuals from eight small mammal species were infested with ticks. The most infested host species was Muller’s giant Sunda rat (Sundamys muelleri) with 5.80% (n=16). Ticks prevalence was slightly higher in RF with 6.40% (n=18) compared to SU with 5.80% (n=16). A total of 107 adult ticks (103 female and 4 male) were collected from the infested host. Ixodes granulatus was the most dominant tick species encountered (70.40%, n=85), followed by Dermacentor sp. (18.60%, n=20), while Amblyomma sp. was the least abundant (2%, n=2). This study provides information on tick species present and tick burden on small mammal hosts within the study areas. Our findings suggest that the visitors to the recreational forests and the residents of the semi-urban area were not only exposed to Leptospirosis bacteria but also tick bites and potentially tick-borne disease, therefore, precaution should be taken to avoid contact with small mammal hosts. 

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