Antibacterial/Antifungal Activity of Extracted Chitosan From American Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattidae) and German Cockroach (Blattodea: Blattellidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1208-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Basseri ◽  
Ronak Bakhtiyari ◽  
Sayed Jamal Hashemi ◽  
Mojgan Baniardelani ◽  
Hadi Shahraki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Blattella Germanica ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
German Cockroach ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
American Cockroach ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Cockroach Blattella Germanica ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Abstract We investigated bactericidal and fungicidal properties of chitosan extracted from adults and nymphs from both German cockroach, Blattella germanica (Blattodea: Blattellidae) and American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Dictyoptera: Blattidae). The cuticle of adults and nymphs extracted from both cockroaches were dried and ground. The powders were demineralized and deproteinized followed by deacetylation using NaOH. Finally, the chitosan yields were examined for antibacterial and antifungal activities. The degree of deacetylation (DD) was different between adults and nymph stages. The antimicrobial effect of American cockroach chitosan (ACC) and German cockroach chitosan (GCC) was tested against four bacteria and four fungi. The extracted chitosans from American cockroach, Periplaneta americana and German Cockroach, Blattella germanica suppressed the growth of Gram-negative/positive bacteria except Micrococcus luteus. The growth of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger were notability inhibited by the extracted chitosans. The antimicrobial effect of the chitosan depended on the cockroach species, with chitosan of the American cockroach showing more inhibitory effect. This difference may be due to differences in the structure of chitin between the two cockroach species.

scholarly journals Insecticidal and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Activity of Veratrum nigrum Al¬kaloidal Extract against the German Cockroach (Blattella germanica)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianghai Cai ◽  
Qingfeng Li ◽  
Lei Xiao ◽  
Hailiang Lu ◽  
Jian Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ache Activity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Blattella Germanica ◽  
German Cockroach ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cockroach Blattella Germanica

Background: Veratrum nigrum (Liliaceae) is perennial medicinal plant widely used to treat various conditions. To de­ter­mine its insecticidal properties against the German cockroach (Blattella germanica), several laboratory tests were car­ried out. Methods: A 4kg dry sample of V. nigrum root was purchased from the medicinal material market in Yunnan Province in 2015, China. In contact toxicity tests, V. nigrum alkaloidal extract was topically applied to the abdomen of cockroaches using a micro-applicator. In vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity tests were performed using a modified Ellman method. Results: Veratrum nigrum alkaloidal extract was toxic to male adults and 4th nymphs cockroaches, with median lethal dose (LD50) values of 14.90µg/insect, 14.21µg/insect for adults and 41.45µg/insect, 39.01µg/insect for 4th nymphs after 24h and 48h exposure, respectively. There was a significant difference between adults and nymphs in terms of tolerance to V. nigrum alkaloidal extract. There was no significant difference in mortalities at 24h and 48h, the lethal effect of V. nigrum alkaloidal extract on German cockroach was quick. AChE activity tests showed that V. nigrum alkaloidal extract had an excellent inhibitory effect on AChE: inhibition in the 4th nymphs and male adults had 50% inhibiting concentra­tion (IC50) values of 3.56mg/ml and 5.78mg/ml respectively. The inhibitory effect of AChE activity was positively cor­related with inhibitory time (0–20min), at a concentration of 1mg/ml, inhibition of nymph and adult AChE activity had 50% inhibiting time (IT50) values of 8.34min and 16.75min, respectively. Conclusion: V. nigrum may be explored as a potential natural insecticide for control of the German cockroach.

A NOTE ON THE PERIOD OF INCUBATION OF EGGS OF THE COCKROACH BLATTELLA GERMANICA L.

1944 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 212-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil Rau
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Blattella Germanica ◽  
American Cockroach ◽  
Similar Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cockroach Blattella Germanica ◽  
Length Of Life

I attempted in 1939 to gather data on the life history of this cockroach. I was carrying on similar work on the wood-roach, Parcoblatta pennsylvanica Deg. and the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana L. However, B. germanica were so quick in their movements and escaped so easily, that I found it necessary, since my laboratory is in my home, to abandon the project. Some data were gathered, however, before the project was abandoned, on the period of incubation and the length of life of the immature roaches.

scholarly journals Synthesis of the Bacteriostatic Poly(L-Lactide) by Using Zinc (II)[(acac)(L)H2O] (L = Aminoacid-Based Chelate Ligands) as an Effective ROP Initiator

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6950
Author(s):  
Renata Barczyńska-Felusiak ◽  
Małgorzata Pastusiak ◽  
Piotr Rychter ◽  
Bożena Kaczmarczyk ◽  
Michał Sobota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Bases ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Zinc Complexes ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Aspergillus Brasiliensis ◽  
Acetylacetonate Complex ◽  
Distorted Trigonal Bipyramid ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

The paper presents a synthesis of poly(l-lactide) with bacteriostatic properties. This polymer was obtained by ring-opening polymerization of the lactide initiated by selected low-toxic zinc complexes, Zn[(acac)(L)H2O], where L represents N-(pyridin-4-ylmethylene) tryptophan or N-(2-pyridin-4-ylethylidene) phenylalanine. These complexes were obtained by reaction of Zn[(acac)2 H2O] and Schiff bases, , the products of the condensation of amino acids and 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde. The composition, structure, and geometry of the synthesized complexes were determined by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and molecular modeling. Both complexes showed the geometry of a distorted trigonal bipyramid. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of both complexes were found to be much stronger than those of the primary Schiff bases. The present study showed a higher efficiency of polymerization when initiated by the obtained zinc complexes than when initiated by the zinc(II) acetylacetonate complex. The synthesized polylactide showed antibacterial properties, especially the product obtained by polymerization initiated by a zinc(II) complex with a ligand based on l-phenylalanine. The polylactide showed a particularly strong antimicrobial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus brasiliensis. At the same time, this polymer does not exhibit fibroblast cytotoxicity.

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