A NOTE ON THE PERIOD OF INCUBATION OF EGGS OF THE COCKROACH BLATTELLA GERMANICA L.

1944 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 212-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil Rau
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Blattella Germanica ◽  
American Cockroach ◽  
Similar Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cockroach Blattella Germanica ◽  
Length Of Life

I attempted in 1939 to gather data on the life history of this cockroach. I was carrying on similar work on the wood-roach, Parcoblatta pennsylvanica Deg. and the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana L. However, B. germanica were so quick in their movements and escaped so easily, that I found it necessary, since my laboratory is in my home, to abandon the project. Some data were gathered, however, before the project was abandoned, on the period of incubation and the length of life of the immature roaches.

Antibacterial/Antifungal Activity of Extracted Chitosan From American Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattidae) and German Cockroach (Blattodea: Blattellidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1208-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Basseri ◽  
Ronak Bakhtiyari ◽  
Sayed Jamal Hashemi ◽  
Mojgan Baniardelani ◽  
Hadi Shahraki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Blattella Germanica ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
German Cockroach ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
American Cockroach ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Cockroach Blattella Germanica ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Abstract We investigated bactericidal and fungicidal properties of chitosan extracted from adults and nymphs from both German cockroach, Blattella germanica (Blattodea: Blattellidae) and American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Dictyoptera: Blattidae). The cuticle of adults and nymphs extracted from both cockroaches were dried and ground. The powders were demineralized and deproteinized followed by deacetylation using NaOH. Finally, the chitosan yields were examined for antibacterial and antifungal activities. The degree of deacetylation (DD) was different between adults and nymph stages. The antimicrobial effect of American cockroach chitosan (ACC) and German cockroach chitosan (GCC) was tested against four bacteria and four fungi. The extracted chitosans from American cockroach, Periplaneta americana and German Cockroach, Blattella germanica suppressed the growth of Gram-negative/positive bacteria except Micrococcus luteus. The growth of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger were notability inhibited by the extracted chitosans. The antimicrobial effect of the chitosan depended on the cockroach species, with chitosan of the American cockroach showing more inhibitory effect. This difference may be due to differences in the structure of chitin between the two cockroach species.

The Life History of Leidynema appendiculata (Leidy), a Nematode of Cockroaches

Parasitology ◽  
1934 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Dobrovolny ◽  
J. E. Ackert
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Continue Development ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media

1. Of 259 cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) collected at Manhattan, Kansas, 86·3 per cent. were infested with one or two species of oxyurids, Leidynema appendiculata and Hammerschmidtiella diesingi. The highest incidence was among the immature roaches, of which 94·2 per cent. were infested; next was in the adult females with 87·5 per cent. infested; and lastly among the mature males with 79·5 per cent. parasitised. The female roaches carried the heaviest infestations and the young Periplaneta americana the lightest.2. Uninfested cockroaches were obtained by rearing the young from oöthecae.3. Oxyurid eggs in moist chambers remained viable for at least two months. Eggs of all stages when exposed to direct strong artificial or natural light for 15 min. failed to continue development.4. Fertilised eggs incubated at 37° C. in dilute Locke's solution develop to the active embryonated stage in 20–36 hours; in 4–7 days they develop to the resting embryonated stage.5. Regardless of the media utilised eggs failed to hatch in vitro.6. Feeding experiments proved that transmission is direct. Eggs in the resting embryonated stage are infective; those in the active embryonated stage do not appear to be infective.

scholarly journals Notes on the life history of Sacculina carcini Thompson

1940 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. H. Foxon
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Sacculina Carcini ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ultimate Fate ◽  
Length Of Life ◽  
Clyde Sea ◽  
Sea Area

The life history of Sacculina carcini parasitic on Carcinus maenas in the Clyde sea area is discussed and the breeding period and the time of the emergence of the young externa are indicated. The time and duration of the breeding season are compared both with what has been found at Plymouth and Roscoff for the same species of parasite on the same host crab, and also with what was found by Day (1935) who worked in the Mersey area on Sacculina carcini but parasitizing Portunus holsatus.The length of life of the Sacculina externa and their ultimate fate are discussed. It is shown that in male crabs which act as hosts the liability of the secondary sexual characters to modification is correlated with size.

A mathematical analysis of superparasitism by Collyria calcitrator Grav

Parasitology ◽  
1937 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjory G. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Satisfactory Result ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
Length Of Life ◽  
High Degree

1. An outline of the life history of Cephus pygmaeus Linnaeus is given.2. The parasites of Cephus are listed and are discussed briefly in relation to the particular parasite Collyria calcitrator Gravenhorst.3. It is shown that if the host larvae collected from wheat-stubble in autumn are used for the investigation of the extent of parasitism by Collyria, allowance must be made for the fact that the parasite Pleurotropis benefica Gahan is intrinsically inferior to Collyria, and that its cocoons must represent hosts left unparasitized by Collyria.4. In summer the adults of Collyria emerge, on the whole, earlier than those of the host Cephus. This suggests that at the beginning of the season of oviposition there will be a scarcity of hosts in comparison with the numbers of parasites wishing to oviposit. The relative activity of host and parasite during the egg-laying period is worked out on hypotheses of the average length of life of the individuals, and is shown diagrammatically.5. The Cephus larvae travel down the stem and hibernate at the base. When the wheat is cut, a proportion of the larvae and their parasites are removed with the straw. The way in which this may prevent the stubble material from giving a true indication of the degree of parasitism in the population as a whole is discussed.6. On the basis that 3910 hosts receive 3600 parasites, various hypothetical distributions are worked out arithmetically in order to find which type of discrimination between healthy and parasitized hosts gives an arrangement of parasites most in agreement with what has been found for Collyria in Cephus. The most satisfactory result is that obtained when it is assumed that the probability of an already parasitized host being re-attacked varies with the proportion of parasitized hosts. It is also shown that a shortage of hosts at a time of parasite activity may cause a high degree of superparasitism, thus giving a false impression of the parasite's power of discrimination.7. Suggestions for further field work are given.

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