The Key to Successful Weight Loss on a High-Fiber Diet May Be in Gut Microbiome Prevotella Abundance

Gut-microbiota-targeted nutrition intervention has achieved success in the management of obesity, but its underlying mechanism still needs extended exploration. An obese Prader–Willi syndrome boy lost 25.8 kg after receiving a high-fiber dietary intervention for 105 days. The fecal microbiome sequencing data taken from the boy on intervention days 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 105, along with clinical indexes, were used to construct a metagenome-scale metabolic network. Firstly, the abundances of the microbial strains were obtained by mapping the sequencing reads onto the assembly of gut organisms through use of reconstruction and analysis (AGORA) genomes. The nutritional components of the diet were obtained through the Virtual Metabolic Human database. Then, a community model was simulated using the Microbiome Modeling Toolbox. Finally, the significant Spearman correlations among the metabolites and the clinical indexes were screened and the strains that were producing these metabolites were identified. The high-fiber diet reduced the overall amount of metabolite secretions, but the secretions of folic acid derivatives by Bifidobacterium longum strains were increased and were significantly relevant to the observed weight loss. Reduced metabolites might also have directly contributed to the weight loss or indirectly contribute by enhancing leptin and decreasing adiponectin. Metagenome-scale metabolic network technology provides a cost-efficient solution for screening the functional microbial strains and metabolic pathways that are responding to nutrition therapy.

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PSXI-33 Effects of weight loss and feeding a high-protein, high-fiber diet on blood metabolite profiles, body composition and voluntary physical activity in overweight dogs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.568 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 318-319

Author(s):

Thunyaporn Phungviwatnikul ◽

Sara E Belchik ◽

Kelly S Swanson

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

High Protein ◽

High Fiber ◽

Lean Muscle Mass ◽

Fiber Diet ◽

Voluntary Physical Activity ◽

High Fiber Diet ◽

Over Time

Abstract Canine obesity can be managed by dietary energy restriction using a specifically formulated weight loss diet. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of weight loss on body composition, voluntary physical activity, and blood metabolites of overweight dogs while being fed a high-protein, high-fiber diet. All procedures were approved by the University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee prior to experimentation. Twelve overweight adult spayed female dogs (BW: 15.3±2.1 kg, BCS: 8.1±0.6) were fed a high-protein (CP: 42.0% DMB), high-fiber (TDF: 22.0% DMB) diet during a 5-wk baseline phase (wk 0) to identify food intake needed to maintain BW. A 24-wk weight loss phase followed. After wk 0, food was initially provided at 80% the amount needed to maintain BW and then adjusted weekly with a goal of 1.5–2% weight loss per wk. Data were analyzed statistically overtime using SAS 9.4. After 24 wk, dogs lost 31.2% of initial BW (P < 0.0001), with 1.4±0.7% weight loss per wk. BCS decreased by 2.8 units (P < 0.0001). During weight loss, dogs consumed an average of 457.5±61.4 kcal/d, with energy intake being reduced by a total of 43.8% by wk 24 compared to baseline. Lean muscle mass, fat mass, and fat percentage were reduced (P < 0.0001) by 1.3 kg, 3.1 kg, and 11.7% respectively. Serum triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase, white blood cell counts, and neutrophils were decreased (P < 0.0001), but serum bilirubin, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen were increased (P < 0.01) over time. Average daily physical activity changed over time, but was not greatly different due to weight loss. Our results suggest that a high-protein, high-fiber diet promotes fat mass loss, minimizes lean muscle mass loss, and reduces inflammatory marker and triglyceride concentrations in overweight dogs. Therefore, it is a suitable nutritional solution for weight loss programs in dogs.

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High-fiber diet promotes weight loss and affects maternal behavior in vervet monkeys

American Journal of Primatology ◽

10.1002/ajp.20772 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 234-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Lynn A. Fairbanks ◽

Karin Blau ◽

Matthew J. Jorgensen

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Maternal Behavior ◽

Vervet Monkeys ◽

High Fiber ◽

Fiber Diet ◽

High Fiber Diet

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Microbial enterotypes in personalized nutrition and obesity management

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqy175 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 108 (4) ◽

pp. 645-651 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Lars Christensen ◽

Henrik M Roager ◽

Arne Astrup ◽

Mads F Hjorth

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Advice ◽

Obesity Management ◽

Personalized Nutrition ◽

High Fiber ◽

Fiber Diet ◽

High Fiber Diet ◽

Weight Loss Strategy

Abstract Human gut microbiota has been suggested to play an important role in nutrition and obesity. However, formulating meaningful and clinically relevant dietary advice based on knowledge about gut microbiota remains a key challenge. A number of recent studies have found evidence that stratification of individuals according to 2 microbial enterotypes (dominance of either Prevotella or Bacteroides) may be useful in predicting responses to diets and drugs. Here, we review enterotypes in a nutritional context and discuss how enterotype stratification may be used in personalized nutrition in obesity management. Enterotypes are characterized by distinct digestive functions with preference for specific dietary substrate, resulting in short-chain fatty acids that may influence energy balance in the host. Consequently, the enterotype potentially affects the individual's ability to lose weight when following a specific diet. In short, a high-fiber diet seems to optimize weight loss among Prevotella-enterotype subjects but not among Bacteroides-enterotype subjects. In contrast, increasing bifidobacteria in the gut among Bacteroides-enterotype subjects improves metabolic parameters, suggesting that this approach can be used as an alternative weight loss strategy. Thus, enterotypes, as a pretreatment gut microbiota biomarker, have the potential to become an important tool in personalized nutrition and obesity management, although further interventions assessing their applicability are warranted.

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