Effects of weight loss with a moderate-protein, high-fiber diet on body composition, voluntary physical activity, and fecal microbiota of obese cats

Abstract Canine obesity can be managed by dietary energy restriction using a specifically formulated weight loss diet. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of weight loss on body composition, voluntary physical activity, and blood metabolites of overweight dogs while being fed a high-protein, high-fiber diet. All procedures were approved by the University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee prior to experimentation. Twelve overweight adult spayed female dogs (BW: 15.3±2.1 kg, BCS: 8.1±0.6) were fed a high-protein (CP: 42.0% DMB), high-fiber (TDF: 22.0% DMB) diet during a 5-wk baseline phase (wk 0) to identify food intake needed to maintain BW. A 24-wk weight loss phase followed. After wk 0, food was initially provided at 80% the amount needed to maintain BW and then adjusted weekly with a goal of 1.5–2% weight loss per wk. Data were analyzed statistically overtime using SAS 9.4. After 24 wk, dogs lost 31.2% of initial BW (P < 0.0001), with 1.4±0.7% weight loss per wk. BCS decreased by 2.8 units (P < 0.0001). During weight loss, dogs consumed an average of 457.5±61.4 kcal/d, with energy intake being reduced by a total of 43.8% by wk 24 compared to baseline. Lean muscle mass, fat mass, and fat percentage were reduced (P < 0.0001) by 1.3 kg, 3.1 kg, and 11.7% respectively. Serum triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase, white blood cell counts, and neutrophils were decreased (P < 0.0001), but serum bilirubin, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen were increased (P < 0.01) over time. Average daily physical activity changed over time, but was not greatly different due to weight loss. Our results suggest that a high-protein, high-fiber diet promotes fat mass loss, minimizes lean muscle mass loss, and reduces inflammatory marker and triglyceride concentrations in overweight dogs. Therefore, it is a suitable nutritional solution for weight loss programs in dogs.

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Weight Loss and High-Protein, High-Fiber Diet Consumption Impact Blood Metabolite Profiles, Body Composition, Voluntary Physical Activity, Fecal Microbiota, and Fecal Metabolites of Adult Dogs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab379 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thunyaporn Phungviwatnikul ◽

Anne H Lee ◽

Sara E Belchik ◽

Jan S Suchodolski ◽

Kelly S Swanson

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Mass Loss ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Restricted Feeding ◽

High Fiber ◽

Voluntary Physical Activity ◽

Over Time

Abstract Canine obesity is associated with reduced lifespan and metabolic dysfunction, but can be managed by dietary intervention. This study aimed to determine the effects of restricted feeding of a high-protein, high-fiber (HPHF) diet and weight loss on body composition, physical activity, blood metabolites, and fecal microbiota and metabolites of overweight dogs. Twelve spayed female dogs [age: 5.5±1.1 yr; body weight (BW): 14.8±2.0 kg, body condition score (BCS): 7.9±0.8] were fed a HPHF diet during a 4-wk baseline phase to maintain BW. After baseline (wk 0), dogs were first fed 80% of baseline intake and then adjusted to target 1.5% weekly weight loss for 24 wk. Body composition using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and blood samples (wk 0, 6, 12, 18, 24), voluntary physical activity (wk 0, 7, 15, 23), and fresh fecal samples for microbiota and metabolite analysis (wk 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24) were measured over time. Microbiota data were analyzed using QIIME 2. All data were analyzed statistically over time using SAS 9.4. After 24 wk, dogs lost 31.2% of initial BW and had 1.43±0.73% weight loss per wk. BCS decreased (P<0.0001) by 2.7 units, fat mass decreased (P<0.0001) by 3.1 kg, and fat percentage decreased (P<0.0001) by 3.1 kg and 11.7% with weight loss. Many serum metabolites and hormones were altered, with triglycerides, leptin, insulin, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 decreasing (P<0.05) with weight loss. Relative abundances of fecal Bifidobacterium, Coriobacteriaceae UCG-002, undefined Muribaculaceae, Allobaculum, Eubacterium, Lachnospira, Negativivibacillus, Ruminococcus gauvreauii group, uncultured Erysipelotrichaceae, and Parasutterella increased (P<0.05), whereas Prevotellaceae Ga6A1 group, Catenibacterium, Erysipelatoclostridium, Fusobacterium, Holdemanella, Lachnoclostridium, Lactobacillus, Megamonas, Peptoclostridium, Ruminococcus gnavus group, and Streptococcus decreased (P<0.01) with weight loss. Despite the number of significant changes, a state of dysbiosis was not observed in overweight dogs. Fecal ammonia and secondary bile acids decreased, while fecal valerate increased with weight loss. Several correlations between gut microbial taxa and biological parameters were observed. Our results suggest that restricted feeding of a HPHF diet and weight loss promotes fat mass loss, minimizes lean mass loss, reduces inflammatory marker and triglyceride concentrations, and modulates fecal microbiota phylogeny and activity in overweight dogs.

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Effects of diet on body weight, body composition, metabolic status, and physical activity levels of adult female dogs after spay surgery

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa057 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Thunyaporn Phungviwatnikul ◽

Helen Valentine ◽

Maria R C de Godoy ◽

Kelly S Swanson

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Body Fat ◽

Treatment Time ◽

High Fiber ◽

Fiber Diet ◽

Feeding Regimen ◽

High Fiber Diet ◽

Blood Hormones

Abstract Neutering is a risk factor for pet obesity, which reduces the quality and length of life. Dietary interventions may serve as preventive and therapeutic options for pet obesity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of specially formulated diets on body weight (BW), body composition, and blood hormones and metabolites of adult female dogs after spay surgery. All procedures were approved by the University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee prior to experimentation. Twenty-eight healthy adult intact female Beagles (3.02 ± 0.7 yr; 10.28 ± 0.8 kg; body condition score [BCS]: 4.98 ± 0.57) were used in a longitudinal study. Twenty-four dogs were spayed and randomly allotted to one of three experimental diets: 1) moderate-protein, moderate-fiber diet (control; COSP), 2) high-protein, high-fiber diet (HP-HF), or 3) high-protein, high-fiber diet plus omega-3 and medium-chain fatty acids (HP-HF-O). Four dogs were sham-operated and fed the control diet (COSH). Food intake, BW, BCS, blood hormones and metabolites, body composition (via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans), and voluntary physical activity (via Actical devices) were measured over time. After spay, dogs were fed to maintain BW for 12 wk (restricted phase), then allowed to overeat for 12 wk (ad libitum phase). Change from baseline data was analyzed for treatment, time, and treatment × time effects as well as treatment, feeding regimen, and treatment × feeding regimen effects. During the first 12 wk, HP-HF and HP-HF-O had lower (P < 0.01) blood cholesterol than COSH and COSP. During the second 12 wk, HP-HF and HP-HF-O ate more (P < 0.01) food (g/d) than COSH. BCS change for COSP was greater (P < 0.01) than COSH from week 21 to 24, but HP-HF and HP-HF-O were not different. When comparing data by feeding regimen, HP-HF and HP-HF-O had a greater reduction in serum cholesterol (P < 0.001) than COSH and COSP. During the second 12 wk, all spayed dogs consumed more (P < 0.01) food than COSH. However, COSH, HP-HF, and HP-HF-O had a lower (P < 0.001) increase in BCS than COSP. HP-HF-O and COSH had similar serum leptin during weeks 12 to 24. COSP had higher (P ≤ 0.01) serum C-reactive protein than HP-HF-O. Overall, body fat increase in COSP was greater (P < 0.05) than for COSH at week 24, while HP-HF and HP-HF-O were intermediate. Our results indicate that an HP-HF diet can limit weight gain and body fat increase and attenuate serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and leptin concentrations in dogs after spay surgery.

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The Key to Successful Weight Loss on a High-Fiber Diet May Be in Gut Microbiome Prevotella Abundance

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxz248 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 149 (12) ◽

pp. 2083-2084 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carmen P Ortega-Santos ◽

Corrie M Whisner

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

High Fiber ◽

Fiber Diet ◽

High Fiber Diet ◽

Successful Weight Loss

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Effect of a relatively high-protein, high-fiber diet on body composition and metabolic risk factors in overweight women

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1038/ejcn.2010.163 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 64 (11) ◽

pp. 1323-1331 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

L Te Morenga ◽

S Williams ◽

R Brown ◽

J Mann

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Composition ◽

Metabolic Risk Factors ◽

High Protein ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

High Fiber ◽

Overweight Women ◽

Fiber Diet ◽

High Fiber Diet

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Metagenome-Scale Metabolic Network Suggests Folate Produced by Bifidobacterium longum Might Contribute to High-Fiber-Diet-Induced Weight Loss in a Prader–Willi Syndrome Child

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9122493 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 2493

Author(s):

Baoyu Xiang ◽

Liping Zhao ◽

Menghui Zhang

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Metabolic Network ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Bifidobacterium Longum ◽

Prader Willi Syndrome ◽

Fecal Microbiome ◽

High Fiber ◽

Fiber Diet ◽

Microbial Strains ◽

High Fiber Diet

Gut-microbiota-targeted nutrition intervention has achieved success in the management of obesity, but its underlying mechanism still needs extended exploration. An obese Prader–Willi syndrome boy lost 25.8 kg after receiving a high-fiber dietary intervention for 105 days. The fecal microbiome sequencing data taken from the boy on intervention days 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 105, along with clinical indexes, were used to construct a metagenome-scale metabolic network. Firstly, the abundances of the microbial strains were obtained by mapping the sequencing reads onto the assembly of gut organisms through use of reconstruction and analysis (AGORA) genomes. The nutritional components of the diet were obtained through the Virtual Metabolic Human database. Then, a community model was simulated using the Microbiome Modeling Toolbox. Finally, the significant Spearman correlations among the metabolites and the clinical indexes were screened and the strains that were producing these metabolites were identified. The high-fiber diet reduced the overall amount of metabolite secretions, but the secretions of folic acid derivatives by Bifidobacterium longum strains were increased and were significantly relevant to the observed weight loss. Reduced metabolites might also have directly contributed to the weight loss or indirectly contribute by enhancing leptin and decreasing adiponectin. Metagenome-scale metabolic network technology provides a cost-efficient solution for screening the functional microbial strains and metabolic pathways that are responding to nutrition therapy.

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Efek integrated nutrition programme terhadap profil lipid dan komposisi tubuh pada remaja obes

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia ◽

10.22146/ijcn.31594 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Martha Ardiaria ◽

Erin Ratna Kustanti ◽

Ria Purnawian Sulistiani ◽

Etika Ratna Noer

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Moderate Physical Activity ◽

Low Fat ◽

Dietary Counseling ◽

High Fiber ◽

Nutrition Programme

The effect of integrated nutrition programme on lipid profile and body composition among adolescent obesityBackground: Obesity is a serious public health issue increasingly in the adolescent. Obesity in adolescence will continue into adulthood and lead to later health problems. The adolescent has high food dense calories which high fat and low in fiber that can trigger obesity. Integrated Nutrition Programme (INP) is an intervention model for obesity with an emphasis on a low-calorie diet, low fat, high fiber, moderate physical activity, and nutrition counseling.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of INP on lipid profile and body composition in obese adolescents.Methods: Quasi-experimental study pre-post trial design with a total of subjects 18 obese adolescents. Duration of intervention in subjects for four weeks with a hypocaloric diet, low fat, high fiber, and prepared by a dietician. Moderate exercise and dietary counseling were conducted on the subject regularly. Bodyweight (BW) and waist circumference (WC) were monitored once a week. Food record intake is done before and during the intervention.Results: The mean weight loss of 1.55 kg. There is a difference in mean BW, WC, and BMI (p<0.01), whereas there were no significant differences in lipid profiles and body composition between before and after the intervention.Conclusions: INP can significantly affect weight loss, BMI, and WC as well as a significant increase in physical activity.

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High-fiber diet promotes weight loss and affects maternal behavior in vervet monkeys

American Journal of Primatology ◽

10.1002/ajp.20772 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 234-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Lynn A. Fairbanks ◽

Karin Blau ◽

Matthew J. Jorgensen

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Maternal Behavior ◽

Vervet Monkeys ◽

High Fiber ◽

Fiber Diet ◽

High Fiber Diet

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Microbial enterotypes in personalized nutrition and obesity management

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqy175 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 108 (4) ◽

pp. 645-651 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Lars Christensen ◽

Henrik M Roager ◽

Arne Astrup ◽

Mads F Hjorth

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Advice ◽

Obesity Management ◽

Personalized Nutrition ◽

High Fiber ◽

Fiber Diet ◽

High Fiber Diet ◽

Weight Loss Strategy

Abstract Human gut microbiota has been suggested to play an important role in nutrition and obesity. However, formulating meaningful and clinically relevant dietary advice based on knowledge about gut microbiota remains a key challenge. A number of recent studies have found evidence that stratification of individuals according to 2 microbial enterotypes (dominance of either Prevotella or Bacteroides) may be useful in predicting responses to diets and drugs. Here, we review enterotypes in a nutritional context and discuss how enterotype stratification may be used in personalized nutrition in obesity management. Enterotypes are characterized by distinct digestive functions with preference for specific dietary substrate, resulting in short-chain fatty acids that may influence energy balance in the host. Consequently, the enterotype potentially affects the individual's ability to lose weight when following a specific diet. In short, a high-fiber diet seems to optimize weight loss among Prevotella-enterotype subjects but not among Bacteroides-enterotype subjects. In contrast, increasing bifidobacteria in the gut among Bacteroides-enterotype subjects improves metabolic parameters, suggesting that this approach can be used as an alternative weight loss strategy. Thus, enterotypes, as a pretreatment gut microbiota biomarker, have the potential to become an important tool in personalized nutrition and obesity management, although further interventions assessing their applicability are warranted.

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