scholarly journals Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of Peripheral Nerve with Distinctive Pathological Features Resembling Primary CNS Lymphoma

Author(s):  
M Adelita Vizcaino ◽  
Paul J Kurtin ◽  
Rebecca L King ◽  
Robert J Spinner ◽  
Caterina Giannini
Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 3615-3615
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Gutiérrez-García ◽  
Luis Colomo ◽  
Neus Villamor ◽  
Leonor Arenillas ◽  
Antonio Martínez ◽  
...  

Abstract Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous category of lymphoid tumors that comprises different clinical forms not fully recognized in the WHO classification. In this regard, extranodal (EN) DLBCLs have particular clinicobiological features and outcome, sometimes related to the specific site where the lymphoma arises. Nowadays, rituximab plus chemotherapy (CT) is the gold-standard in the treatment of DLBCL. However, the superiority of rituximab-CT (R-CT) over CT alone has not been addressed for all the clinical subsets of the disease and, in fact, the clinical role of the new therapies might be different for primary nodal or EN DLBCLs. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of rituximab in patients suffering from nodal or EN DLBCL. Two-hundred and thirty non-immunocompromised patients (112M/118F; median age, 61 years) diagnosed with CD20+DLBCL in a single institution between 1997 and 2006 (five years before and after establishing R-CT as the standard treatment in DLBCL) and treated with adriamycin-containing regimens were the subject of the present study. The series included 148 primary nodal and 82 EN DLBCL. Patients with primary CNS lymphoma were excluded and lymphomas arising at Waldeyer ring were considered as nodal DLBCL. The main EN sites were GI (n=26), bone (n=13), soft tissue (n=13), lung/pleura (n=9), liver (n=9), and other (n=12). Main clinico-biological and evolutive variables were analyzed. One hundred nineteen patients received only CT and 111 R-CT. Eighty-seven cases with available information were assigned to germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) (41%) or non-GCB (59%) groups according to the Hans method (Blood2004;103:275–82) based on CD10, BCL6 and MUM1 expression. Main initial features, including the primary nodal or EN origin, international prognostic index (IPI), and GCB/non-GCB categories were similar for CT and R-CT groups. No correlation was observed between the GCB/non-GCB groups and the primary site of the tumor, although nodal lymphomas more frequently expressed MUM1 than EN (69% vs. 31%, respectively; p=0.01). CR rate and 5-year overall survival (OS) according to the treatment arm (CT vs. R-CT) is detailed for the whole series and for the nodal and EN groups in the table and OS curves depicted in the figure. In the whole series, variables predicting poor OS in the multivariate analysis were high-risk IPI (RR 2.5; p<0.001), primary nodal involvement (RR 1.6; p=0.04) and no R-CT treatment (RR 1.9; p=0.002). In the nodal group, IPI and no R-CT maintained the prognostic value, whereas in the primary EN only IPI predicted OS. Moreover, no difference in OS was observed according to the nodal or EN origin in those patients receiving R-CT. Biological subtypes GCB vs. non-GCB did not add predictive information neither in the whole series nor in the nodal or EN groups. In conclusion, patients with primary EN DLBCL seem to have little benefit from the use of R-CT. Nevertheless, this intriguing observation should be confirmed in further prospective studies. Complete response CR (%) 5-years OS (%) CT R-CT CT R-CT *p<0.002 R-CT vs. CT All cases (n=230) 59 79* 46 70* Primary nodal (n=148) 54 78* 34 71* Primary extranodal (n=82) 68 78 70 69 Figure Figure


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Bibesh Pokhrel ◽  
Amit Thapa

Acute onset of diplopia with proptosis in case of primary CNS lymphoma has not been reported yet in the literature. Blurred vision, reduced vision, and floaters are the commonest reported presentations. We report a case of a 41-year-old HIV positive male who presented with diplopia in left eye for two weeks with proptosis of left eyeball. CT Scan study of head and orbit showed heterogeneously enhancing large soft tissue calcified orbital mass pushing the left eyeball out of orbit. Right fronto-temporo-orbito-zygomatic (FTOZ) osteoplastic craniotomy with gross total excision of tumor was performed. Histopathological evaluation was suggestive of Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, non-germinal center type. Five months follow-up showed good recovery with no evidence of recurrence.


Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 1190-1190
Author(s):  
Yi Rang Kim ◽  
Dok Hyun Yoon ◽  
Shin Kim ◽  
Kyoungmin Lee ◽  
Eun Hee Kang ◽  
...  

Abstract Aims Primary or secondary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma is a rare entity which often leads to unsatisfactory outcome. Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) using thiotepa containing regimen as conditioning chemotherapy showed improved outcomes in patients with CNS lymphoma. However, there are insufficient data on response to treatments and safety profile of thiotepa containing regimen in Asian population. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes including safety profile and response to thiotepa, busulfan and cyclophosphamide (TBC) chemotherapy compared with busulfan, cyclophosphamide and etoposide (BuCyE) as conditioning regimens in patients with CNS lymphoma. Methods From November 2005 to April 2014, patients with primary and secondary CNS lymphoma who underwent one of the two conditioning regimens (TBC or BuCyE) followed by ASCT were included in this retrospective analysis. All patients were less than 66 years of age at the time of ASCT. TBC consists of thiotepa 250 mg/ m2 on day -9 to day -7, busulfan 3.2 mg/kg on day -6 to day-4 and cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg on day -3 to day -2. BuCyE consists of busulfan 3.2 mg/kg on day -7 to day -5, etoposide 200 mg/m2 twice a day on day -5 to day-4 and cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg on day -3 and day -2. Patient demographics, ECOG performance status, baseline and follow-up CBC profile, adverse events and radiologic response for 2 years after ASCT were retrospectively reviewed. Response to treatment was assessed by IELSG criteria. Event free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS) and date of engraftment were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test. Adverse events were scored according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Event version 4.0. Engraftment was defined as absolute neutrophil count (ANC) > 500 /mm3, and platelet count > 20,000 /mm3. Results Sixty one patients with primary or secondary CNS lymphoma underwent with TBC (n=26) or BuCyE (n=35) as conditioning regimen followed by ASCT. In TBC group, 17 patients (diffuse large B cell lymphoma: 17) had primary CNS lymphoma and 9 patients (diffuse large B cell lymphoma: 7, angioimmunoblastic lymphoma: 1 and T-lymphoblastic lymphoma: 1) had secondary CNS lymphoma. In BuCyE group, 28 patients (diffuse large B cell lymphoma: 27 and peripheral T-cell lymphoma: 1) had primary CNS lymphoma and 7 patients (diffuse large B cell lymphoma: 5, NK-T cell lymphoma: 1 and mantle cell lymphoma: 1) had secondary CNS lymphoma. Median age of TBC group and BuCyE group at ASCT was 52.5 years (range, 18-64 years) and 54 years (range, 26-64 years), respectively. Median ECOG performance status of TBC group and BuCyE group was 1 (range 0-2) and 1 (range 0-1), respectively. After the induction chemotherapy, 11 patients (42.3%) in TBC group and 21 patients (60%) in BuCyE group had already achieved complete remission (CR). In TBC and BuCyE group, CR had been induced in 9 (64.2%) and 11 (78.5%) among patients in partial remission (PR) after ASCT, respectively. With a median follow up period of 8.6 months (range, 0.2 to 18.5 months), 1-year OS rate did not significantly differ between two arms (76.4% in TBC group and 68.6% in BuCyE group, p=0.634). However, 1-year EFS rate was higher in TBC group (72.8%) compared with BuCyE group (45.7%, p=0.034). TBC group achieved ANC engraftment one day earlier compared to BuCyE group (day 8, range 7-12 days vs. day 9, range 7-12 days) (p= 0.011). However, there was no difference in time to engraftment of platelet between TBC group (median 8 days, range 6 to 34 days) and BuCyE group (median 8 days, range 6 to 22 days, p=0.582). Toxicity profiles are summarized in Table 1. Table 1. Toxicity above grade 2 TBC BuCyE p-value Mucositis 92% 14.3% <0.001 Nausea 72% 34.3% 0.004 Vomiting 24% 2.9% 0.017 Diarrhea 84% 25.7% <0.001 AST,ALT elevation 15.4% 2.9% 0.154 Bilirubin elevation 30.8% 5.7% 0.014 Creatinine elevation 7.7% 0% 0.178 Veno-occlusive disease 7.7% 5.7% 1 Bleeding 3.8% 0% 0.426 Conclusions TBC seems to be a feasible conditioning chemotherapy for Korean patients with acceptable toxicity and efficacy. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Author(s):  
AH Naeem ◽  
MD Staudt ◽  
B Wang ◽  
D Lee ◽  
A Parrent

Background: Immunosuppressive therapy is a risk factor for lymphoproliferative disorders. We present a case of primary CNS B-cell lymphoma in the setting of iatrogenic immunosuppression from azathioprine usage. A literature review is provided. Methods: Case report Results: 64-year-old male presents with several weeks of cognitive decline, impaired speech, and headache with a history of ulcerative colitis (on azathioprine and 5-ASA) with no radiological evidence of systemic malignancy. MR showed left frontal extra-axial mass (4.0 x 2.4 x 4.0 cm) with heterogeneous enhancement of a solid component with local dural thickening. The enhancing mass had solid and cystic components. Radiological differential included dural metastasis, atypical meningioma or unusual intra-axial mass including GBM with some dural involvement. He underwent surgical resection, which showed a primary CNS lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell, CD 20 + and EBV +. Post-operatively his cognition improved. Azathioprine was stopped and 5-ASA was increased. He proceeded with MPVC (methotrexate, procarbazine, vincristine, and cytarabine) chemotherapy. Conclusions: Our case shows isolated extra-nodal CNS manifestation of lymphoma in the context of immunosuppressive medications with strikingly atypical MR findings leading to a pre-operative diagnostic dilemma. Treatment is challenging and needs to be individually tailored due to a need for stopping immunosuppressive agents in conjunction with CNS lymphoma treatment.


Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 5315-5315
Author(s):  
Shotaro Hagiwara ◽  
Kentaro Yoshinaga ◽  
Masayuki Shiseki ◽  
Junji Tanaka ◽  
Seiji Okada

Abstract Background. The recent advance of antiretroviral therapy decreased the morbidity of opportunistic infections. However, the incidence of HIV-associated lymphoma remains high. Also, the outcome of the HIV-associated lymphoma is unclear in the era of rituximab. In order to address these clinical questions, we performed a nation-wide epidemiological study. Methods. Patients with HIV-associated lymphoma were extracted from the database of Japanese society of hematology blood disease registry from January 2012 to December 2015. We analyzed the patient's age, sex, subtypes of lymphoma, the international prognostic index (IPI) for diffuse large B cell lymphoma, and overall survival. Results. Eighty-one patients were extracted from the database. Eighty patients were available for the survival analysis. Seventy-six (93.8%) patients of them were male. The median age was 52.5(25-88) year-old. However, there were two peaks of age; the first peak was 38-40-year-old and the second was 59-62-year-old. Sub-types of lymphomas were diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL)(48.1%), Burkitt lymphoma(19.8%), primary CNS lymphoma(8.6%), plasmablastic lymphoma(7.4%), peripheral T cell lymphoma(3.7%), Hodgkin's lymphoma(3.7%), primary effusion lymphoma(2.5%), MALT lymphoma(1.2%), Follicular lymphoma(1.2%) and Adult T cell lymphoma/leukemia(1.2%). Extra-nodal involvement at the diagnosis was observed in 61.7%. The involved sites were the brain, stomach, small bowel, colon, thyroid and the others. In DLBCL, the patients with IPI high and high-intermediate risk was 51.3%. The median observation period was 26 months. Estimated 3 years overall survival (OS) in all cases was 68.8+/-0.63%. Although there was no statistical significance, however, the 3 years, OS of Burkitt lymphoma tended to be better than that of DLBCL (84.6%+/-10.0 versus 67.7+/-8.8%). Log-rank analysis showed the OS in DLBCL patients with IPI high-intermediate and high risk was significantly worse than the patients with low, and low-intermediate risk (p<0.001). Estimated 3 years OS was 90+/-9.5% vs. 38.0+/-13.0%, respectively. The outcome of patients with primary CNS lymphoma remains poor, estimated 3 years OS was 45.7+/-22.4%. Conclusion. Our study showed diversity in the pathological subtype of HIV lymphoma. In the era of rituximab, the outcome seemed to be improved in patients with DLBCL and Burkitt lymphoma. However, the survival remains short in patients with poor prognostic factors and primary CNS lymphoma. Figure. Figure. Disclosures Hagiwara: Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol Myers Squibb: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Shiseki:NOVARTIS Pharma: Honoraria, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Sqibb: Honoraria; Otsuka: Speakers Bureau. Tanaka:Novartis Pharma: Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Research Funding; Otsuka: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria.


2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion J. J. Kuper-Hommel ◽  
Maryska L. G. Janssen-Heijnen ◽  
Gerard Vreugdenhil ◽  
Augustinus D. G. Krol ◽  
Hanneke C. Kluin-Nelemans ◽  
...  

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 1717-1717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kota Fukumoto ◽  
Kosei Matsue ◽  
Yasuhito Suehara ◽  
Manabu Fujisawa ◽  
Keisuke Seike ◽  
...  

Abstract Introduction: Neurolymphomatosis (NL) is an extremely rare neurological manifestation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in which peripheral nerve infiltration of lymphoma cells is a dominant feature both clinically and pathologically. Previously, we reported a high frequency of NL as a relapse disease of intravascular large B cell lymphoma (IVL), although NL could present as an initial disease as well as relapsed disease in other types of NHL. In addition, the clinical features and treatment outcomes of NL are largely unknown. However, the recent increase in use of PET/CT in lymphoma has facilitated the diagnosis of NL. Here, we report our experience with NL at our hospital over the period from January 2006 to July 2014. Methods: We reviewed the clinical records at the Hematology/Oncology Department of Kameda Medical Center. The diagnosis of NL required: 1) clinical symptoms and neurological examination findings related to the cranial or spinal nerves; and 2) histological confirmation of malignant lymphoma cells within the peripheral nerve, nerve root/plexus, or cranial nerve; or 3) CT/MRI demonstration of nerve enhancement and/or enlargement of peripheral nerve(s) or nerve root that were also demonstrated by the accumulation of FDG by FDG-PET/CT. Patients with stomach limited mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and leukemic infiltration of peripheral nerve due to acute leukemia were excluded from the study. Results: Over the past 7 years, there were 514 patients diagnosed with NHL. Among them, we identified 9 patients (1.8%) diagnosed as having NL. The patients consisted of 2 men and 7 women with a median age of 72 years (range: 63 – 83 years). All 9 patients were histologically diagnosed as a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). NL occurred as part of the presenting disease in 3 patients and as a relapse disease in the remaining 6 patients. 4 NL patients presented as a relapse disease of IVL, 2 as a relapse disease of nodal DLBCL, and 3 as a concomitant extranodal DLBCL (stomach, ileum, and uterus). CD5 was positive in 7 cases (78%). Diagnosis of NL was made by neurological findings, enlargement and enhancement of affected cranial or peripheral nerves by MRI, and FDG-uptake of affected nerve demonstrated by PET/CT in all patients. Autopsy also confirmed the lymphoma infiltration in 1 patient. The affected nerves included the lumbosacral nerve (5 patients), brachial plexus (2 patients), peroneal nerve (1 patients), cranial nerves (4 patients), especially oculomotor nerve (2 patients), trigeminal nerve (2 patients). Cerebrospinal fluid cytology was positive in 4 cases (44%). All 9 patients received a treatment regimen including high-dose methotrexate (MTX) in addition to rituximab containing systemic chemotherapy. Six patients received involved nerve irradiation, 4 patients at relapse and 2 at presentation. Neurological symptoms of the all patients responded promptly. Six patients subsequently developed CNS involvement despite the prophylactic use of high-does MTX. Six patients died due to progressive NL with a median of 11.3 months after NL development. Three patients are still alive 8, 9, and 92 months from the diagnosis. Two patients received autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT), one survived for more than 7 years but the other relapsed 4 months after auto-SCT and being treated with radiation and chemotherapy. Conclusions: NL occurs in a minority of patients (1.8%) and can present in diverse ways, both at initial diagnosis of lymphoma or after treatment. All of them were DLBCL and 78% were CD5-positive. IVL is a most common type of lymphoma subtype in which develop NL. Contemporary imaging techniques including MRI and PET/CT, can often detect relevant neural involvement. Prognosis remains poor once patient developed NL despite the use of high-dose MTX and rituximab containing aggressive chemotherapy included auto-SCT. Only involved nerve irradiation was effective for the relief of neurologic symptoms. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 5350-5350
Author(s):  
Ashok K Vaid ◽  
Suman S Karanth ◽  
Aseem Khurana ◽  
Nitin Sood ◽  
Ashok Sen ◽  
...  

Background: Diffuse Large B cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) accounts for nearly 25% of all Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in the developed world, making it the most common lymphoma. With the diversities in clinical presentation, morphology, molecular and genetic alterations, DLBCL represents a heterogeneous group rather than a single disease entity. Based on the cell-of-origin (COO) concept, gene expression profiling (GEP) has identified two major subtypes of DLBCL with differing prognoses. We aim to study the trends in the clinico-pathological features, prognostic factors and treatment outcomes following standard therapy between the molecular subtypes. Methods: A prospective study with 243 consecutively diagnosed cases of DLBCL between September 2009 and April 2017 were included. The clinico-pathological features, IPI score, extranodal involvement and stage of disease were recorded using a predesigned proforma. All patients received Rituximab based treatment which was modified according to their tolerability. Molecular subtyping to GCB and ABC subtype was performed using immunohistochemistry.Primary objective was to assess the clinico-pathological features, prognostic factors and differences between the molecular subtypes in Indian population. Secondary objective was to study the overall progression free survival (PFS). Results: Out of 243 patients enrolled in the study, 47% (n=129) were > 60 years, the median age being 55 years. Majority were males (63%). Fever (28%), pain abdomen (11%), weight loss (30%) and painless neck swelling (26%) were the most common symptoms. Nodal presentation was more common than extranodal [56.4% (n=137) versus 43.7% (n=106) respectively]; stomach (12.2%) being the most common extranodal site. 22.6%(n=55) high intermediate and 38.3% (n=93) with high IPI score. Bone marrow involvement was detected in 23% population (n=56). 51% (n=124) were diagnosed as stage IV, 24.3% (n=59) stage III, 16% (n=39) stage II and 8.6% (n=21) in stage I. Molecular subtyping was performed in 198 patients (81.4%) with GCB subtype seen in 45.5% (n=90) and ABC in 54.5% (n=108). 62.6% achieved complete metabolic response (CMR) and 18.9% (n=39) had disease progression. ABC subtype had more extranodal presentation [(54.6%, n=59 v/s 35.6%, n=32); p=0.007]. More number of disease progressions [17.8%; n=18 v/s 10.1%, n=9] and deaths [11.9%; n=12 v/s 3.4%, n=3]; p=0.046 were recorded in ABC Subtype. High IPI Score was seen in ABC subtype [45.6%, n=47 v/s 28.1% [n=25], p=0.063. Median survival time of patients was 81 months + SE 1.705 [CI 72.26-78.95]. There was a significant difference in the median PFS among those whose did not progress versus those who did [87.22 months v/s 72.66 months]. ABC subtype, high LDH Levels > 618 and patients with higher stage at presentation had disease progression. In this study, using both univariate and multivariate cox regression model, no risk factor was found to be associated with survival. Conclusions: R-CHOP remains the standard of care for patients with DLBCL. However, literature reports a cure rate of only 60% with standard immuno-chemotherapy with 40% eventually dying of the relapsed disease. DLBCL can no longer be considered and treated as one disease. It is imperative to identify those molecular and prognostic markers that would identify subset of patients who would benefit from a more aggressive course. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


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