4 Abuse of Dominance
This chapter focuses on Article 102 TFEU, which prohibits dominant firms from abusing their dominant position. Two elements need to be present for Article 102 to apply to a given firm conduct: (i) that firm must be dominant on one or several markets and (ii) it must have abused that dominant position. The first step in the assessment of dominance is to define the relevant market(s). Once such markets have been defined, various economic tools can be used to determine the extent to which one or several firms are dominant on them. For Article 102 to apply, it must be demonstrated that the dominant firm has committed one or several abuses on the market(s) in question. Article 102 prohibits two main categories of abuses: exclusionary abuses (Art 102(b) and (d)) and exploitative abuses (Art 102(a)). Article 102 also prohibits certain forms of price discrimination.