Ultrasound Physics and Ultrasound Machine Functionality

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Brooke Albright-Trainer
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Image ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Still Image ◽  
Ultrasound Machine ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Image Optimization ◽  
Tools And Techniques

Chapter 1 reviews basic ultrasound physics and introduces ultrasound machine functionality. Ultrasound medical imaging (also known as sonography) is a diagnostic imaging tool that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of structures in the body. It can show details that a still image like a radiograph cannot, such as blood flow or needle guidance to a nerve. Several tools and techniques are useful in acquiring the best ultrasound image. The chapter covers the functions of many ultrasound machine knobs, machine operation, ultrasound operating modes, and ultrasound image optimization. It also examines different types of ultrasound probes and their uses.

Physical principles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sidebotham ◽  
Alan Merry ◽  
Malcolm Legget ◽  
Gavin Wright
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Ultrasound Image ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Living Tissue ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Transducer Design ◽  
Living Tissues ◽  
Physical Principles

In Chapter 1, the physical principles that underpin the use of ultrasound as a clinical imaging tool are explained. The aim of the chapter is to provide a simple, easy-to-understand overview of both the physical principles (and limitations) of ultrasound imaging. A secondary goal is to assist students in their preparation for the physics sections of their examinations! The chapter is divided into three sections. In the first section, the physical principles of ultrasound imaging are reviewed, including a description of the interaction of sound waves with living tissues, the principles of ultrasound image formation, and the basics of transducer design. Section 2 describes the principles of Doppler imaging, including the Doppler effect and differences between CW and PW (including colour) Doppler imaging. Finally, in Section 3, the effect of ultrasound on living tissue is briefly reviewed.

Segmentation Methods in Ultrasound Images

2011 ◽  
pp. 377-390
Author(s):  
Farhang Sahba
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Ultrasound Image ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Medical Test ◽  
Segmentation Methods ◽  
Segmentation Task

Ultrasound imaging now has widespread clinical use. It involves exposing a part of the body to highfrequency sound waves in order to generate images of the inside of the body. Because it is a real-time procedure, the ultrasound images show the movement of the body’s internal structure as well. It is usually a painless medical test and its procedures seem to be safe. Despite recent improvement in the quality of information from an ultrasound device, these images are still a challenging case for segmentation. Thus, there is much interest in understanding how to apply an image segmentation task to ultrasound data and any improvements in this regard are desirable. Many methods have been introduced in existing literature to facilitate more accurate automatic or semi-automatic segmentation of ultrasound images. This chapter is a basic review of the works on ultrasound image segmentation classified by application areas, including segmentation of prostate transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), breast ultrasound, and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images.

Segmentation Methods in Ultrasound Images

2009 ◽  
pp. 473-487
Author(s):  
Farhang Sahba
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Ultrasound Image ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Medical Test ◽  
Segmentation Methods ◽  
Segmentation Task

Ultrasound imaging now has widespread clinical use. It involves exposing a part of the body to highfrequency sound waves in order to generate images of the inside of the body. Because it is a real-time procedure, the ultrasound images show the movement of the body’s internal structure as well. It is usually a painless medical test and its procedures seem to be safe. Despite recent improvement in the quality of information from an ultrasound device, these images are still a challenging case for segmentation. Thus, there is much interest in understanding how to apply an image segmentation task to ultrasound data and any improvements in this regard are desirable. Many methods have been introduced in existing literature to facilitate more accurate automatic or semi-automatic segmentation of ultrasound images. This chapter is a basic review of the works on ultrasound image segmentation classified by application areas, including segmentation of prostate transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), breast ultrasound, and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images.

scholarly journals Ultrasound Image Denoising using Multiscale Ridgelet Transform with Hard and NeighCoeff Thresholding

2013 ◽  
pp. 150-155
Author(s):  
Preeti Goel ◽  
H. P. Sinha ◽  
Harpreet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Filters ◽  
Ultrasound Image ◽  
Speckle Noise ◽  
The Body ◽  
Speckle Reduction ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Edge Preservation ◽  
Ridgelet Transform ◽  
Visual Enhancement

Ultrasound imaging utilizes sound waves reflected from different organs of the body to give local details and important diagnostic information on the human body. However, using ultrasound images for diagnosis is difficult because of the existence of speckle noise in the image. The speckle noise is due to interference between coherent waves which are backscattered by targeted surfaces and arrive out of phase at the sensor. This hampers the perception and the extraction of fine details from the image. Speckle reduction/filtering i.e. visual enhancement techniques are used for enhancing the visual quality of the images. The multscale ridgelet transform based denoising algorithm for Ultrasound images is proposed for effective edge preservation in comparison to filtering techniques using the Adaptive Filters.

A Guide to Old Spanish

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven N. Dworkin
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Function Words ◽  
Sound System ◽  
Old Spanish ◽  
And Function ◽  
Linguistic Structures ◽  
Verb Tense ◽  
Modern Standard

This book describes the linguistic structures that constitute Medieval or Old Spanish as preserved in texts written prior to the beginning of the sixteenth century. It emphasizes those structures that contrast with the modern standard language. Chapter 1 presents methodological issues raised by the study of a language preserved only in written sources. Chapter 2 examines questions involved in reconstructing the sound system of Old Spanish before discussing relevant phonetic and phonological details. The chapter ends with an overview of Old Spanish spelling practices. Chapter 3 presents in some detail the nominal, verbal, and pronominal morphology of the language, with attention to regional variants. Chapter 4 describes selected syntactic structures, with emphasis on the noun phrase, verb phrase, object pronoun placement, subject-verb-object word order, verb tense, aspect, and mood. Chapter 5 begins with an extensive list of Old Spanish nouns, adjectives, verbs, and function words that have not survived into the modern standard language. It then presents examples of coexisting variants (doublets) and changes of meaning, and finishes with an overview of the creation of neologisms in the medieval language through derivational morphology (prefixation, suffixation, compounding). The book concludes with an anthology composed of three extracts from Spanish prose texts, one each from the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries. The extracts contain footnotes that highlight relevant morphological, syntactic, and lexical features, with cross references to the relevant sections in the body of the book.

scholarly journals Using Picus® Sonic Tomograph to assess the health state of trees of monumental sizes

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Wojciech Durlak ◽  
Margot Dudkiewicz ◽  
Krystyna Pudelska ◽  
Marek Dąbski
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Health State ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Gingko Biloba ◽  
Ulmus Glabra

The aim of the study was to examine the usefulness of The Picus 3 Sonic Tomograph to assess the health state of trees of monumental sizes, which are an important part of the cultural landscape. In the study there were selected tree species Tilia cordata, Gingko biloba and Ulmus glabra growing in the vicinity of Lublin in different habitat conditions. Changes in the internal structure of the tree trunks were shown on the colour tomograms. Two tested specimens of Tilia cordata located in Radawiec Duży were intended to be cut down due to the construction of the ring road of Lublin. This made it possible to compare the obtained tomograms with the actual state of the inside of tree trunks after cutting down the examined trees. The results of Picus tomography Ulmus glabra and Gingko biloba growing in the historic park in Czesławice were confirmed by a visual assessment of trees. In each case the number of installed sensors influenced the image resolution and accuracy of the obtained tomograms. Diagnostics using sound waves is important in assessing the state of health of each tree, but it is especially recommended for testing of valuable trees. It allows for early diagnosis and selection of such protective actions to reduce to a minimum the destructive impact study on the body of the plant.

scholarly journals Bioactive Phenolic Compounds from Indian Medicinal Plants for Pharmaceutical and Medical Aspects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhanu Kumar ◽  
Ankita Misra ◽  
Sharad Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Plant Constituents ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Indian Medicinal Plants

Ayurveda is an age old system of medicine which utilizes thousands of medicinal plants, rich in secondary metabolites for their therapeutic benefits and phenolic compounds are important one. Plant phenolic compounds are one of the major group of phytomolecules having tremendous therapeutic and nutraceutical potential. Indian medicinal plants like Emblica, Terminalia spp., Withania, Tinospora etc. are some of the potential source of bioactive phenolics and had been used from ages in various Ayurvedic formulations and were scientifically validated too. In this contribution, a brief account of some common Indian medicinal plants rich in bioactive phenolics are summarized along with their therapeutic action on human health and disease. The vast array of phenolics in these plants makes them a suitable candidate for modern medicine, nutraceutical supplements, immuno-modulatory formulations etc. With the advent of modern separation tools and techniques, it is now possible to identify, isolate and purify desired phytoconstituents from plant extracts. This further opens the avenues of utilizing medicinal plants or plant constituents/metabolites as super food for strengthening the body and maintaining the healthy work-life balance. The need of the hour is to identify therapeutically potential phenolics rich plants and development of herbal formulations for human welfare.

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