The Relationship Between Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Social Anxiety Disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan M. Kelly ◽  
Mark Kent
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Rejection Sensitivity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Relationship

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) are highly comorbid disorders that share high levels of social anxiety, social avoidance, and rejection sensitivity. In addition, in emotional processing studies, patients with BDD and SAD both show a heightened sensitivity to hostility. However, BDD and SAD differ in many important ways, including key phenomenologic and clinical differences as well as treatment approaches. This chapter reviews similarities and differences between BDD and SAD across demographic, clinical, biologic, and other domains. Future research directions for work that may further elucidate the relationship between these two disorders are also discussed.

scholarly journals The Halitosis Consequences Inventory: psychometric properties and relationship with social anxiety disorder

BDJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Duarte da Conceicao ◽  
Fernanda Salgueiredo Giudice ◽  
Lucas de Francisco Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale ◽  
Distress Scale ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Adequate Internal Consistency

Abstract Objectives: Individuals who complain of halitosis experience psychological consequences that can lead to social, professional, and affective limitations. Research has identified social anxiety disorder (SAD) as the most common psychopathology associated to halitosis complaints. Combining these two lines of research, we sought to determine the validity of the Halitosis Consequences Inventory (ICH), a scale designed to assess the psychological consequences of halitosis complaints. We also investigated the relationship between these consequences and SAD. Materials and methods: Participants were 436 individuals, including those with and without halitosis complaints (n=411 and n=25, respectively). Measures administered were the ICH, Social Phobia Inventory and its shortened version, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Social Avoidance and Distress Scale, and Fear of Negative Evaluation scale. Results: The ICH had adequate internal consistency (α=0.93) and could accurately discriminate between participants with and without halitosis complaints. Furthermore, individuals with high scores on the ICH were more likely to have SAD. Conclusions: The ICH is an important tool for determining the aversive halitosis consequences, allowing to identify, with some degree of accuracy, individuals who might require screening for SAD. Besides, there´s a linear relationship between the presence of halitosis consequences and SAD.

Intolerance of Uncertainty: A Cognitive Vulnerability Related to the Etiology of Social Anxiety Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Prousky
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Vulnerability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Social Encounters ◽  
Future Research Directions

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by persistent and irrational fears related to the presence of other people and which are accompanied by the persistent belief of being judged or evaluated. The prevalence of SAD in Canada varies somewhat between several sources, but it is known to be a prevalent anxiety disorder. Research has identified significant vulnerabilities implicated in the development of SAD, which include genetic and temperament (i.e., heritable) factors, cognitive processes, dyadic parent–child interactions, personality factors, and adverse environmental experiences. A particular cognitive vulnerability related to SAD and which is garnering more research attention is intolerance to uncertainty (IU). IU is related to insecurities about the unknown and an inability to accept (i.e., tolerate) an unknown and uncontrollable future. IU is responsible for some proportion of the variance in social anxiety symptoms (SAS) that happen before, during, and/or after social encounters. What remains to be determined is how much does IU contribute to the maintenance of SAS and the development of SAD? The author reviews preliminary research suggesting that the cognitive vulnerability of IU plays a role in SAS and in the etiology of SAD. Future research directions are also explored.

scholarly journals Coping with negative mental images in social anxiety disorder: Investigating the potential benefits of image morphing

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 204380871881375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanja Vidovic ◽  
Mia Romano ◽  
David A. Moscovitch
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Image Morphing ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Potential Benefits

Negative mental imagery contributes to symptom maintenance in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Here, we investigated the effects of image morphing, a brief mental strategy designed to facilitate access to positive images. Participants with SAD and healthy control (HC) participants were randomly assigned to receive either image morphing or supportive counseling. Although initial training and 1-week daily practice were successful in equipping morphing participants across groups with the required skill, those assigned to morphing failed to demonstrate differential improvements in positive affect, negative affect, or self-perception relative to control participants during a subsequent social stress task. Ancillary analyses revealed that the number of positive details contained in retrieved or morphed images prior to the task significantly predicted the level of positive affect reported after the task, but this effect was observed only for HC participants. We discuss the need for future research to refine innovative imagery-based psychotherapeutic strategies for social anxiety.

scholarly journals Extended-release methylphenidate monotherapy in patients with comorbid social anxiety disorder and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: retrospective case series

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Koyuncu ◽  
Fahri Çelebi ◽  
Erhan Ertekin ◽  
Burcu Ece Kök ◽  
Raşit Tükel
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Extended Release ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The relationship between social anxiety disorder (SAD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a subject which has recently become a topic of interest for research. Methods: In this study, 20 patients with comorbid SAD and adult ADHD who were treated with extended-release methylphenidate monotherapy were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Clinical response for both ADHD and SAD symptoms was observed in 17 of 20 patients. Overall, one patient did not respond to treatment and two patients dropped out of treatment at the beginning due to adverse effects. Conclusion: Extended-release methylphenidate improved both SAD and ADHD symptoms and was generally well tolerated. Further studies are required to investigate the relationship between SAD and ADHD.

Integrating Neurobiology and Psychopathology into Evidence-Based Treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (S13) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Liebowitz ◽  
Philip T. Ninan ◽  
Franklin R. Schneier ◽  
Carlos Blanco ◽  
David L. Ginsberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Psychosocial Treatment ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Life Issues ◽  
Neuroreceptor Imaging

AbstractSocial anxiety disorder (SAD) is a common, chronic psychiatric disorder characterized by a persistent fear of social or performance situations in which embarrassment can occur. This disorder typically appears during the mid-adolescent years and is unremitting throughout life if not properly treated. SAD presents as two subtypes: the more common and debilitating generalized form, and the nongeneralized form, which consists predominantly of performance anxiety. The majority of patients with SAD have comorbid mental disorders, including mood, anxiety, and substance abuse. No single development theory has been proposed to account for the origins of SAD, although current understanding of the etiology of SAD posits an interaction between psychological and biological factors. Risk factors include environmental and parenting influences and dysfunctional cognitive and conditioning events in early childhood. The neurobiology of SAD appears to involve neurochemical dysfunction, as evidenced by studies of neuroreceptor imaging, neuroendocrine function, and profiles of response to specific medications. Clinical trials have demonstrated that benzodiazepines and antidepressants are effective in the treatment of SAD. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are emerging as the first-line treatment for SAD, based on their proven safety, tolerability, and efficacy. Goals for ongoing future research include development of approaches to achieve remission, to convert nonresponders and partial responders to full responders, and to prevent relapse and maintain long-term efficacy.This monograph explores the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and differential diagnosis of SAD, with a focus on neural circuitry of social relationships and neurochemical dysfunction. The prevalence, rates of recognition and treatment, patterns of comorbidity, quality-of-life issues, and natural history of SAD are discussed as well as pharmacologic and psychosocial treatment strategies for SAD.

Attachment in individuals with social anxiety disorder: The relationship among adult attachment styles, social anxiety, and depression.

Emotion ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnie Eng ◽  
Richard G. Heimberg ◽  
Trevor A. Hart ◽  
Franklin R. Schneier ◽  
Michael R. Liebowitz
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Adult Attachment Styles ◽  
The Relationship
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