scholarly journals The Halitosis Consequences Inventory: psychometric properties and relationship with social anxiety disorder

BDJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Duarte da Conceicao ◽  
Fernanda Salgueiredo Giudice ◽  
Lucas de Francisco Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale ◽  
Distress Scale ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Adequate Internal Consistency

Abstract Objectives: Individuals who complain of halitosis experience psychological consequences that can lead to social, professional, and affective limitations. Research has identified social anxiety disorder (SAD) as the most common psychopathology associated to halitosis complaints. Combining these two lines of research, we sought to determine the validity of the Halitosis Consequences Inventory (ICH), a scale designed to assess the psychological consequences of halitosis complaints. We also investigated the relationship between these consequences and SAD. Materials and methods: Participants were 436 individuals, including those with and without halitosis complaints (n=411 and n=25, respectively). Measures administered were the ICH, Social Phobia Inventory and its shortened version, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Social Avoidance and Distress Scale, and Fear of Negative Evaluation scale. Results: The ICH had adequate internal consistency (α=0.93) and could accurately discriminate between participants with and without halitosis complaints. Furthermore, individuals with high scores on the ICH were more likely to have SAD. Conclusions: The ICH is an important tool for determining the aversive halitosis consequences, allowing to identify, with some degree of accuracy, individuals who might require screening for SAD. Besides, there´s a linear relationship between the presence of halitosis consequences and SAD.

Use of a Religious HYMN in Remission of Symptoms of Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder): A Case Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-421
Author(s):  
Hani Raoul Khouzam ◽  
Bita Ghafoori ◽  
Emma E. A. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Discomfort ◽  
Physiological Symptoms

This case report described a veteran with social anxiety disorder who reported fears of negative evaluation by others, social avoidance, and accompanying physiological symptoms of heart palpitations, gastrointestinal discomfort, muscle tension and mental confusion. The symptoms of social anxiety disorder subsided with the use of a Christian hymn “Be Still My Soul” and its accompanying musical poem, in Finlandia. The veteran attributed the symptom remission to the feeling of stillness and surrender to God conveyed by the words and music of the hymn. Although previous studies have shown that both music and religious beliefs can affect mental health, the findings in this case cannot be generalized without conducting further prospective empirical studies.

Paroxetine in social phobia/social anxiety disorder

1999 ◽  
Vol 175 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Baldwin ◽  
Julio Bobes ◽  
Dan J. Stein ◽  
Ingebor Scharwächter ◽  
Michel Faure
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Primary Efficacy ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Global Improvement ◽  
Distress Scale

BackgroundPreliminary studies have suggested that paroxetine may be effective in social phobia/social anxiety disorder.AimsTo assess the efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine in the acute (12-week) treatment of social phobia.MethodTwo-hundred and ninety patients with social phobia were assigned randomly to paroxetine (20–50 mg/day flexible dose) or placebo for 12 weeks of double-blind treatment. Primary efficacy outcomes were the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) total score (patient-rated) and the Clinical Global Impression (GGI) scale global improvement item. The secondary efficacy variables included CGI scale severity of illness score and the patient-rated Social Avoidance and Distress Scale.ResultsParoxetine produced a significantly greater reduction in LSAS total score (mean change from baseline: –29.4 v. –15.6; P 0.001) and a greater proportion of responders (score $2 on CGI global improvement) (65.7% v. 32.4%; P < 0.001) compared with placebo at the end of the 12-week study period. Both primary efficacy variables were statistically significant compared with placebo from week 4 onwards. Paroxetine was generally well tolerated.ConclusionsParoxetine is an effective, well-tolerated treatment for patients with social phobia.

The Relationship Between Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Social Anxiety Disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan M. Kelly ◽  
Mark Kent
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Rejection Sensitivity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Relationship

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) are highly comorbid disorders that share high levels of social anxiety, social avoidance, and rejection sensitivity. In addition, in emotional processing studies, patients with BDD and SAD both show a heightened sensitivity to hostility. However, BDD and SAD differ in many important ways, including key phenomenologic and clinical differences as well as treatment approaches. This chapter reviews similarities and differences between BDD and SAD across demographic, clinical, biologic, and other domains. Future research directions for work that may further elucidate the relationship between these two disorders are also discussed.

A Novel Application of the Schema Therapy Mode Model for Social Anxiety Disorder: A Naturalistic Case Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 153465012110278
Author(s):  
Erika S. Penney ◽  
Alice R. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Schema Therapy ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is a condition defined by an excessive and persistent fear of negative evaluation in social or performance situations. Whilst Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is the gold standard treatment, not all individuals with SAD respond to CBT. The Schema Therapy Mode Model is frequently applied to chronic and hard-to-treat conditions and therefore may be applicable for SAD individuals who are non-responders to CBT. This case study describes how the Mode Model was successfully used to treat a woman in her 20s who presented with excessive fears of negative evaluation and pervasive social avoidance. Experiential techniques, such as chair dialogues and imagery rescripting, resulted in cognitive modification of negative core beliefs, reduced experiential discomfort and increased engagement in social and relational activities. This case offers a preliminary indication that the Schema Therapy Mode Model may be an effective treatment for socially anxious individuals and that further theoretical and empirical study in this area is warranted.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) in Social Anxiety Disorder: Application of a Longitudinal Method for Evaluation of Mediation Role of Acceptance, Cognitive Fusion and Values

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmail Soltani ◽  
◽  
Seyed Abdolmajid Bahrainian ◽  
Ali Farhoudian ◽  
Abbas Masjedi Arani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Fear Of Negative Evaluation ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Cognitive Fusion

Objectives: The purpose of the current study was to examine the effectiveness of ACT on symptom severity, fear about negative evaluation, quality of life and mediation role of acceptance, cognitive fusion and value among patients with Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). Methods: Thirty patients diagnosed with SAD were randomized in the intervention (n=15) or waiting list groups (n=15). The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI), Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE), WHO Quality of Life (WHOQOL), Social Anxiety - Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (SA-AAQ), Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ) and Valued Living Questionnaire (VLQ) were administered before, immediately after, and at one month follow up. Repeated measurement design was used in the intervention group to investigate the changes of mediation and outcomes variables in the pretest, during, and post- therapy. Twenty-four patients completed the study. One-way analysis of covariance, Multivariate analysis of covariance and repeated measures was used for analysis. Results: Results showed that there were differences between the intervention and waiting list groups on the severity of symptoms (p=0.001), fear of negative evaluation (p=0.002), and quality of life (p=0.03), as well as in terms of specific measures of SA-AAQ(p=0.001), cognitive fusion (p=0.001), and important section of VLQ(p=0.001). Repeated measurement result showed that acceptance and action of social anxiety and cognitive fusion had a mediating role in the severity of anxiety, fear about negative evaluation, and quality of life. Discussion: Results of the study indicate the effectiveness of ACT for SAD and highlighted mediator contribution acceptance and action and cognitive fusion in severity of social anxiety.

Social Anxiety in Chinese Adults with Oral-Facial Clefts

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy W. Berk ◽  
Margaret E. Cooper ◽  
You-e Liu ◽  
Mary L. Marazita
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Facial Clefts ◽  
Distress Scale

Objective This study examined social anxiety and measures of psychosocial adjustment in Chinese adults with oral-facial clefts, their unaffected siblings, and age-matched controls. Design This cross-sectional study utilized a matched case-control study design. Participants Eighty-five adult cleft lip and cleft palate (CL/CP) subjects and 85 unaffected siblings (one adult sibling of each CL/CP subject) were recruited in Shanghai, China, from a larger CL/CP study. Eighty-five unaffected controls, gender- and age-matched to the CL/CP subjects, were recruited from Shanghai work units including factories, universities, and other institutions. Outcome Measures Social Avoidance and Distress Scale, Fear of Negative Evaluation, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Interpersonal Support Evaluation List. Results Affected adults reported significantly more social anxiety than unaffected siblings and controls. Affected adults also scored significantly lower on measures of self-esteem and social support than unaffected siblings and controls. Unaffected siblings and controls were not found to differ on any of these measures. Conclusions Findings suggest that individuals with oral-facial clefts may be more disadvantaged with respect to social affiliation and adaptation than unaffected adults. Cross-cultural research is essential in enabling us to determine whether similar trends exist across cultures.

scholarly journals Extended-release methylphenidate monotherapy in patients with comorbid social anxiety disorder and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: retrospective case series

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Koyuncu ◽  
Fahri Çelebi ◽  
Erhan Ertekin ◽  
Burcu Ece Kök ◽  
Raşit Tükel
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Extended Release ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The relationship between social anxiety disorder (SAD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a subject which has recently become a topic of interest for research. Methods: In this study, 20 patients with comorbid SAD and adult ADHD who were treated with extended-release methylphenidate monotherapy were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Clinical response for both ADHD and SAD symptoms was observed in 17 of 20 patients. Overall, one patient did not respond to treatment and two patients dropped out of treatment at the beginning due to adverse effects. Conclusion: Extended-release methylphenidate improved both SAD and ADHD symptoms and was generally well tolerated. Further studies are required to investigate the relationship between SAD and ADHD.

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