PTSD in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Population

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Wawrzyniak ◽  
Samir Sabbag
Keyword(s):  
Minority Health ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Lgbt Populations ◽  
Sexual Minority Health

The emerging field of sexual minority health has begun to highlight the differential impact of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons. This chapter addresses the higher prevalence of PTSD among LGBT persons and examines the biological underpinnings of PTSD in this population. The chapter also presents risk factors for PTSD experienced by LGBT individuals. It concludes with treatment recommendations. Treatment for PTSD in LGBT populations, in addition to treatment as usual for any patient, should recognize and acknowledge the patient’s sexual identity in forming a treatment plan. Future research in this field should aim to incorporate heterosexual controls as a reference group for comparison, where applicable.

scholarly journals Treatment of adult post-traumatic stress disorder using a future-oriented writing therapy approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginald D. V. Nixon ◽  
Leonard W. Kling
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Expressive Writing ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Ptsd Severity

AbstractThe aim of this pilot study was to test whether a future-oriented expressive writing intervention is able to reduce post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity and associated symptoms such as depression and unhelpful trauma-related beliefs. In an uncontrolled pre-/ post-design participants attended 8 weeks of manualized therapy. Assessment was undertaken pre- and post-treatment, and participants also completed a 3-month follow-up assessment. Of the 17 participants who began therapy, 13 were treatment completers. Results indicated a significant decrease in PTSD severity, depression and unhelpful trauma-related cognitions from pre- to post-treatment and at 3-month follow-up. Clinically meaningful change was more modest; however, three participants reported PTSD remission at 3-month follow-up. It is concluded that expressive writing with a focus on achieving future goals and personal change may have some utility in reducing post-traumatic stress but future research will need to investigate this with greater methodological rigour before firm conclusions can be made.

scholarly journals Difficult to treat? a comparison of the effectiveness of treatment as usual in refugees and non-refugees

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 182-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jackie June ter Heide ◽  
Geert E. Smid
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Ptsd Symptom ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Symptom Reduction ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Harvard Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Outcome Monitoring ◽  
Post Traumatic

Aims and methodTo examine treatment response in traumatised refugees, we compared routine outcome monitoring data (Harvard Trauma Questionnaire) of two refugee populations with those of individuals experiencing profession-related trauma who were treated at a specialised psychotrauma institute.ResultsAsylum seekers/temporary refugees (n = 21) and resettled refugees (n = 169) showed significantly lower post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom reduction between intake and 1 year after intake than did a comparison group of non-refugees (n = 37), but the interaction effect was clinically small (partial η2 = 0.03). Refugees who had more severe symptoms at intake showed significantly greater symptom reduction after 1 year.Clinical implicationsTherapists and refugee patients should have realistic expectations about response to treatment as usual. Additional treatment focusing on improving quality of life may be needed for refugees whose PTSD symptom severity remains high. At the same time, novel approaches may be developed to boost treatment response in refugee patients with low responsiveness.

Prevalence and Mediating Factors of Post-Traumatic Stress in Professional Fire-Fighters

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (13) ◽  
pp. 1261-1265
Author(s):  
Allison Watters ◽  
Kevin Hamilton ◽  
J. Patrick Neary ◽  
Gregory Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Workplace Health ◽  
Fire Fighters ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Routine Work ◽  
Post Traumatic

Previous studies on Post-Traumatic Stress (PTS) in fire-fighters have typically examined group responses to unusual and traumatic events. In this study, symptoms of PTS were observed in a group of urban Canadian firefighters during routine operations in the context of typical daily work. Participants completed a PTS questionnaire as well as a workplace health questionnaire which assessed environmental and contextual factors in addition to personal health. Elevated levels of PTS were observed in 18.1% of the 105 fire-fighters studied. Those who reported elevated symptoms also reported more concern for financial issues, more worries and more concern about needing physical exercise and support services. These results indicate that emergency response professionals such as fire-fighters can develop elevated levels of PTS in the context of routine work. The findings also suggest that the development of PTS involves a complex relationship between characteristics of stressors, work related variables and other contextual factors specific to the individuals affected. Complex models are needed to account for these types of interactions, particularly in chronically stressful occupational settings. Strategies for mitigating symptoms of PTS are discussed and suggestions for future research are offered

Readiness to reconcile and post-traumatic distress in German survivors of wartime rapes in 1945

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Eichhorn ◽  
N. Stammel ◽  
H. Glaesmer ◽  
T. Klauer ◽  
H. J. Freyberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Rape Survivors ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Traumatic Distress

ABSTRACTBackground:Sexual violence and wartime rapes are prevalent crimes in violent conflicts all over the world. Processes of reconciliation are growing challenges in post-conflict settings. Despite this, so far few studies have examined the psychological consequences and their mediating factors. Our study aimed at investigating the degree of longtime readiness to reconcile and its associations with post-traumatic distress within a sample of German women who experienced wartime rapes in 1945.Methods:A total of 23 wartime rape survivors were compared to age- and gender-matched controls with WWII-related non-sexual traumatic experiences. Readiness to reconcile was assessed with the Readiness to Reconcile Inventory (RRI-13). The German version of the Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) was used to assess post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology.Results:Readiness to reconcile in wartime rape survivors was higher in those women who reported less post-traumatic distress, whereas the subscale “openness to interaction” showed the strongest association with post-traumatic symptomatology. Moreover, wartime rape survivors reported fewer feelings of revenge than women who experienced other traumatization in WWII.Conclusions:Our results are in line with previous research, indicating that readiness to reconcile impacts healing processes in the context of conflict-related traumatic experiences. Based on the long-lasting post-traumatic symptomatology we observed that our findings highlight the need for psychological treatment of wartime rape survivors worldwide, whereas future research should continue focusing on reconciliation within the therapeutic process.

scholarly journals Neuroimaging resilience to trauma: convergent evidence and challenges for future research

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Norbury ◽  
M. Mercedes Perez-Rodriguez ◽  
Adriana Feder
Keyword(s):  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Neuroimaging Study ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Two Bodies ◽  
Methodological Difficulties

Resilience, or the phenomenon of successful adaptation following significant trauma exposure, is a complex, multidimensional, and dynamic process. To date, research on neural mechanisms involved in human resilience has comprised of two major research streams – involving individuals with childhood and adulthood trauma exposure, respectively. Although there are systematic differences in how both trauma and resilience have been defined across these two bodies of research, some striking regions of convergence emerge when considering the literature as a whole. Here, we review functional imaging studies from across these two research streams, alongside discussion of some of the methodological difficulties involved in quantifying both trauma and resilience in human participants. Due to the broad scope of this literature, we restrict the scope of our narrative to several key domains where studies from across these two bodies of work implicate common neural circuitry. These areas of convergence include brain networks implicated in emotion regulation, responses to rewards, and cognitive control. Further, we briefly review functional imaging evidence related to proposed mechanisms underlying resilient outcomes: namely active coping, cognitive reappraisal and successful fear extinction. Finally, we also touch upon several ongoing issues in neuroimaging study design and analysis that will need to be addressed in order to enable us to harness insight from such studies to improve treatments for – or, ideally, guard against the development of – debilitating post-traumatic stress syndromes.

Post-Traumatic Growth Interventions

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-46
Author(s):  
Ann Marie Roepke ◽  
Areti Zikopoulos ◽  
Marie Forgeard
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cultural Narrative ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
Post Traumatic

Individuals who live through adverse experiences such as natural disasters, abuse, combat, and chronic illness have the potential to develop post-traumatic stress symptoms, which have been the target of various therapeutic interventions. This chapter provides an overview of what is known about interventions to promote post-traumatic growth, the limitations of existing studies, and an outline for future research on how such interventions can be successfully designed and evaluated. This chapter also highlights the utility of interventions that promote post-traumatic growth following adversity and how this relates to shaping the cultural narrative that surrounds growth following adversity, challenge, or failure.

scholarly journals Post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth: an update of current issues and recommendations for future research

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstie McKenzie-McHarg ◽  
Susan Ayers ◽  
Elizabeth Ford ◽  
Antje Horsch ◽  
Julie Jomeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

Treating Eating Disorder–Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Patients

2017 ◽  
pp. 40-59
Author(s):  
Julie G. Trim ◽  
Tara E. Galovski ◽  
Amy Wagner ◽  
Timothy D. Brewerton
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Dialectical Behavior Therapy ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Concurrent Treatment ◽  
Ptsd Treatment ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Post Traumatic

Despite elevated prevalence rates of trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in eating disorder (ED) individuals, there is a surprising lack of data on how to effectively treat this population. The most significant gaps in the literature include the “what” (which PTSD treatment to use) and “when” (sequential vs. concurrent treatment) of PTSD treatment. Clinicians are often fearful in working with this ED subgroup, particularly given that these patients often report high-risk behaviors such as suicidality and self-harm. This chapter presents a new approach to treating comorbid PTSD that seems to be very promising for ED–PTSD patients. Borrowed from dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), this approach (called DBT PE) outlines readiness criteria and a protocol for altering the treatment plan if concerning behaviors emerge during the course of PTSD treatment. ED clinicians are encouraged to use DBT PE principles and to disseminate their results.

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