Circumscribed Mass: Fibroadenoma

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Kettler
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Overwhelming Majority ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Peak Incidence ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
The Third ◽  
Terminal Duct Lobular Unit ◽  
Management Recommendations

A fibroadenoma is a benign fibroepithelial breast tumor arising from the terminal duct-lobular unit (TDLU), composed of epithelial and stromal elements. The overwhelming majority of fibroadenomas present as palpable or imaging-detected circumscribed masses showing sharp demarcation between the lesion and the adjacent breast tissue. Fibroadenomas are the most common benign breast tumor occurring in women, with a peak incidence in the third and fourth decades, but they can occur from childhood through the eight decade of life. This chapter, appearing in the section on asymmetry, mass, and distortion, reviews the key clinical and imaging features, differential diagnosis, and management recommendations for fibroadenomas.

Circumscribed Mass: Cysts, Complicated Cysts, Clustered Microcysts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Kettler
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Tissue Sampling ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Terminal Duct Lobular Unit ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Cystic Masses ◽  
Careful Assessment

Benign cysts can occur in women of all ages, but they have a predilection for women in their 40s and 50s, and are far less common in younger and older women. Most cysts arise at the level of the terminal duct-lobular unit (TDLU); less commonly, cysts are caused by ectasia of central ducts. This chapter, appearing in the section on circumscribed mass, reviews the key clinical and imaging features, differential diagnosis, and management recommendations for primary cystic masses, including simple cysts, complicated cysts, and clustered microcysts. Careful assessment of sonographic features usually allows a definitive diagnosis of these benign entities that do not typically require tissue sampling. Some complex masses containing fluid and/or cystic-appearing components may require tissue sampling for diagnosis.

One-View Asymmetry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul H. Levesque ◽  
Laura Sheiman
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Tissue Density ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Fibroglandular Tissue ◽  
Ultrasound Assessment

This chapter, appearing in the section “Asymmetry, Mass, and Distortion,” will discuss the presence of tissue asymmetry visualized only on one view. The distribution of fibroglandular tissue is extremely variable and unique from one patient to another; however, in most patients the parenchyma is usually distributed within the breasts symmetrically in a “mirror-image” fashion. Areas of tissue density (asymmetry) may be seen that are only visualized on the craniocaudal (CC) or mediolateral oblique (MLO) view. In the majority of patients, this finding represents superimposed normal tissue, or islands of normal parenchyma. Occasionally, underlying benign lesions may present as a tissue asymmetry. Rarely, a one-view asymmetry may represent a malignancy. This section will discuss the imaging features (including mammography, tomosynthesis, and ultrasound assessment), clinical features, differential diagnosis, and management suggestions for one-view asymmetries.

Circumscribed Mass: Intramammary Lymph Node

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Kettler
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Screening Mammography ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Breast Masses ◽  
Intramammary Lymph Node ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Do So

This chapter, appearing in the section on circumscribed mass, reviews the key clinical and imaging features, differential diagnosis, and management recommendations for intramammary lymph nodes. Benign intramammary lymph nodes are ubiquitous on screening mammography, and whenever it is possible to do so, they should be differentiated from solid masses in order to avoid unnecessary recalls for diagnostic imaging. Three-dimensional tomosynthesis can facilitate the diagnosis of benign intramammary lymph nodes and decrease the number of recalls for supplemental breast imaging. Ultrasound may help in distinguishing between benign lymph nodes and other breast masses when this cannot be accomplished by using mammography alone.

Circumscribed Mass: Invasive Cancer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Kettler
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Medullary Carcinoma ◽  
Mucinous Carcinoma ◽  
Architectural Distortion ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Invasive Papillary Carcinoma

Most invasive breast cancers present as focal asymmetries, areas of architectural distortion, or irregular masses with indistinct or spiculated margins. Some present as round or oval masses with circumscribed margins; however, most round or oval masses have microlobulated, indistinct, or spiculated margins and may be associated with characteristic malignant calcifications. This chapter, appearing in the section on circumscribed mass, reviews the key clinical and imaging features, differential diagnosis, and management recommendations for invasive breast cancers, which can present as circumscribed masses on mammography and sonography. Examples include medullary carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, invasive papillary carcinoma, and high-grade invasive ductal carcinoma. These lesions may present as solid or complex masses with circumscribed margins and may be confused with several benign breast conditions.

scholarly journals Chordoid Glioma of the Third Ventricle, a Rare Tumor with an Unexpected Outcome

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Pedro Cunha ◽  
Olinda Rebelo ◽  
Marcos Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Postoperative Mortality ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Rare Tumor ◽  
Total Resection ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chordoid Glioma ◽  
Unexpected Outcome

Chordoid glioma is a rare tumor of the third ventricle whose imaging features are difficult to distinguish from other more common lesions in this location. There are only 83 cases described so far in the literature. Although gross total resection (GTR) is the treatment of choice, immediate postoperative mortality with this approach can be as high as 29%, and morbidity among survivors can reach 67%. We report a case of a male patient of advanced age, with a third ventricle mass lesion, who presented with a progressive right temporal hemianopia. Imaging was compatible with craniopharyngioma, meningioma or even metastasis. Chordoid glioma was not considered in the differential diagnosis. The patient underwent surgery and GTR was achieved. There were no postoperative complications, and the patient was discharged from the hospital three weeks later. Unexpectedly, two days afterwards, he suffered a major brainstem hemorrhagic stroke and, unfortunately, died.

A Case of an Extraosseous Pretibial Ganglion Cyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 114-116
Author(s):  
Catrin Wigley ◽  
Guy Morris ◽  
Scott Evans ◽  
Rajesh Botchu
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Ganglion Cyst ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Oncology Service ◽  
Orthopedic Oncology

Pretibial lesion can have a plethora of differential diagnosis. We report a case of extraosseous pretibial ganglion cyst which was referred to our orthopedic oncology service and described the imaging features.

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