breast tissue
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Recep Polat ◽  
Erdem Çokluk ◽  
Özcan Budak ◽  
Fatıma Betül Tuncer

Abstract Introduction: Nutrition and exposure to various chemicals, including environmental pollution, insecticides, and plant phytoestrogens (having oestrogen-like effects), are environmental factors that affect puberty onset. We aimed to identify the effects of propolis on precocious puberty and the reproductive system in prepubertal female rats (ovary, endometrium, breast).Methods: Thirty-four 25-day-old prepubertal female Sprague-Dawley rats were included in the study. Rats were randomly divided into the propolis (n 17) and control groups (n 17). The primary endpoint was the number of rats that developed vaginal opening (It's a sign of puberty) at 12-day follow-up. In addition, the effect of propolis on ovary, uterus and breast tissue was evaluated.Results: Vaginal patency occurred earlier in the propolis group. At the same time, a greater number of rats developed vaginal opening. The number of ovarian follicles (in all follicles), endometrial thickness, and mammary gland secretory gland area were significantly higher in the propolis group than in the control group (p-values <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, respectively). In addition, Ki-67 activity in the endometrium, breast tissue and ovary was more intense in the propolis group compared to the control group (p-values <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, respectively).Conclusion: Propolis triggers precocious puberty in female rats, possibly by interacting with the oestrogen receptor. The mechanism of action of propolis should be considered before prescribing it. In addition, further studies are needed to explore the mechanism of action of propolis and to determine the component of propolis that triggers puberty.


BMC Cancer ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Valeria Esposito ◽  
Bruno Fosso ◽  
Marcella Nunziato ◽  
Giorgio Casaburi ◽  
Valeria D’Argenio ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women, in whom it reaches 20% of the total neoplasia incidence. Most BCs are considered sporadic and a number of factors, including familiarity, age, hormonal cycles and diet, have been reported to be BC risk factors. Also the gut microbiota plays a role in breast cancer development. In fact, its imbalance has been associated to various human diseases including cancer although a consequential cause-effect phenomenon has never been proven. Methods The aim of this work was to characterize the breast tissue microbiome in 34 women affected by BC using an NGS-based method, and analyzing the tumoral and the adjacent non-tumoral tissue of each patient. Results The healthy and tumor tissues differed in bacterial composition and richness: the number of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) was higher in healthy tissues than in tumor tissues (p = 0.001). Moreover, our analyses, able to investigate from phylum down to species taxa for each sample, revealed major differences in the two richest phyla, namely, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Notably, the levels of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were, respectively, higher and lower in healthy with respect to tumor tissues. Conclusions Our study provides information about the breast tissue microbial composition, as compared with very closely adjacent healthy tissue (paired samples within the same woman); the differences found are such to have possible diagnostic and therapeutic implications; further studies are necessary to clarify if the differences found in the breast tissue microbiome are simply an association or a concausative pathogenetic effect in BC. A comparison of different results on similar studies seems not to assess a universal microbiome signature, but single ones depending on the environmental cohorts’ locations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Chiara Chiodo ◽  
Catia Morelli ◽  
Fabiola Cavaliere ◽  
Diego Sisci ◽  
Marilena Lanzino

Breast cancer prevention is a major challenge worldwide. During the last few years, efforts have been made to identify molecular breast tissue factors that could be linked to an increased risk of developing the disease in healthy women. In this concern, steroid hormones and their receptors are key players since they are deeply involved in the growth, development and lifetime changes of the mammary gland and play a crucial role in breast cancer development and progression. In particular, androgens, by binding their own receptor, seem to exert a dichotomous effect, as they reduce cell proliferation in estrogen receptor α positive (ERα+) breast cancers while promoting tumour growth in the ERα negative ones. Despite this intricate role in cancer, very little is known about the impact of androgen receptor (AR)-mediated signalling on normal breast tissue and its correlation to breast cancer risk factors. Through an accurate collection of experimental and epidemiological studies, this review aims to elucidate whether androgens might influence the susceptibility for breast cancer. Moreover, the possibility to exploit the AR as a useful marker to predict the disease will be also evaluated.


Author(s):  
Mehtap Ilgar ◽  
Serkan Ünlü

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to determine the prevalence rate of gynecomastia, determine mean glandular breast tissue sizes, and evaluate whether there is any difference in the prevalence rate of gynecomastia according to age using three different reference values of glandular breast tissue size (≥5, ≥10, ≥20 mm) in the pediatric age group. Methods Glandular breast tissue sizes were measured retrospectively from thoracic computed tomography (CT) images taken for other reasons in 961 boys aged 1–18 years. Results When each breast was evaluated separately (1,922 breasts), gynecomastia was observed in 1,001 (52.1%), 719 (37.4%), and 216 (11.2%) breasts with ≥5, ≥10, and ≥20 mm considered as reference values, respectively. A significant difference was found in terms of gynecomastia (p<0.001) and mean glandular breast tissue size (p<0.001) with respect to age. Conclusions New studies are currently needed to determine the glandular breast tissue size and the prevalence rate of gynecomastia in boys, and thoracic CT images can be used for this purpose.


Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 285-290
Author(s):  
Б.К. Таракова ◽  
А.С. Култаев ◽  
С.Е. Есентаева ◽  
Ж.К. Жакенова

В 2018 году в Республике Казахстан было зарегистрировано 4648 новых случая рака молочной железы (РМЖ). Результаты: О взаимосвязи уровня витамина Д3 и риска развития РМЖ свидетельствуют результаты достаточного числа исследований. Женщины с высоким содержанием витамина Д в рационе питания имеют меньший риск развития РМЖ. Положительное противоопухолевое действие витамина Д3 связано с двумя основными механизмами: антипролиферативным эффектом, ингибирующим ростом клеток путем подавления сигналов, стимулирующих рост рецепторов, которые имеются в ткани молочной железы, и проапоптотическим эффектом, способствующим естественной гибели клеток молочной железы. Заключение: Накопленные к настоящему времени данные о роли витамина Д3 в организме человека, взаимосвязи его уровня с развитием и течением онкологической патологии позволяют предположить, что коррекция недостаточного уровня витамина Д3 может быть перспективным направлением в профилактике и комплексном лечении онкологических заболеваний. Introduction: In 2018, 4648 new cases of breast cancer (BC) were registered in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Results: The relationship between the level of vitamin D3 and the risk of developing breast cancer is evidenced by the results of a sufficient number of studies. Women with a high vitamin D diet have a lower risk of developing breast cancer. The positive antitumor effect of vitamin D3 is associated with two main mechanisms: the antiproliferative effect, which inhibits cell growth by suppressing signals that stimulate the growth of receptors present in the breast tissue, and the proapoptotic effect, which promotes the natural death of breast cells. Conclusion: The data accumulated to date on the role of vitamin D3 in the human body, the relationship of its level with the development and course of oncological pathology suggests that the correction of insufficient levels of vitamin D3 may be a promising direction in the prevention and complex treatment of cancer.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 5866
Author(s):  
Olena Kolomiiets ◽  
Oleksandr Yazykov ◽  
Artem Piddubnyi ◽  
Mykola Lyndin ◽  
Ivan Lukavenko ◽  
...  

The role of prolactin (PRL) and its receptors in the initiation and development of benign breast tumors (BBT) has not been sufficiently studied. An imbalance in the system of hormone homeostasis is crucial in the development of BBT. In particular, an association between elevated prolactin levels and the development of BBT has been reported. Our study showed no significant differences between PRL receptor (PRL-R) expression in BBT tissue under normal and elevated serum PRL levels. There was also no significant correlation between age, PRL-R expression in BBT tissue, intact tissue, and PRL level in the serum. There was a strong significant correlation (p < 0.01; r = 0.92) between PRL-R expression in BBT samples and intact breast tissue, which did not depend on the serum PRL level. There was also no significant difference in the expression of the proliferative marker Ki-67 in BBT tissues from women with normal and elevated levels of serum PRL (p > 0.05). No signs of PRL and its receptors were detected in the BBT cystic fluid women with elevated serum PRL levels. In summary, our prospective study showed that the expression of PRL-R in the tissue of BBT and physiological breast tissue does not depend on the level of serum PRL.


Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu ◽  
Quratulain Babar ◽  
C. C. N. Vincent ◽  
Chikwendu Lawrence Udenze ◽  
Richard Eze ◽  
...  

For women, the most dominant type of cancer is breast cancer and perhaps one of the most recognizedreasons of death. This is a disorder of many distinct traits, many of which are known as positive hormone receptor, human epidermal receptor-2 (HER2+), and three negative breast cancers (TNBC). Drugs that directly target and kill tumors constitute a rapidly-growing form of molecular therapy for cancer patients. Analysis reveals that stable breast tissue cells exhibit receptors which aren't usually present. As a result, it is imperative to cognize the molecular roots of breast cancer and the myriad compromised pathology-related processes and pathways to ensure progresses in early diagnosis and prevention. This study demonstrates essential cellular pathways relevant for breast cancer including improvements in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and hormone balances in breast tissues. On the basis of these notions, we consider how breast cancer is associated to the creation of potentially therapeutic interventions and predictive biomarkers.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Wu ◽  
Katherine E. Ridley-Merriweather ◽  
Anna Maria V. Storniolo

Background: The Komen Tissue Bank (KTB) is a clinical trial and the only global biorepository that collects and stores healthy breast tissue to be used as controls in breast cancer (BC) research. Due to a variety of barriers, there is a lack of participation by racial and ethnic minority women in tissue donation. In order to increase this participation, it is necessary to understand why or why not these populations choose to participate in clinical trials such as the KTB. This study used grounded theory methodology to explore the motivations behind Asian women’s decisions to donate their breast tissue.  Methods: Guided by grounded theory, we conducted interviews with previous breast tissue donors who self-identified as Asian (n=20). We then transcribed and coded the interviews to discover common attitudes and motivations for participating in breast tissue donation.  Findings: Preliminary findings were obtained from 11 interviews. We identified three common themes that influenced these women’s donations: altruistic behavior, comfort with science, and Asian identity. Identified sub-themes include factors such as personal ties to BC and background in research and clinical trials. It is of note that over half of the women expressed Asian identity and comfort with science as important factors, and all mentioned altruistic tendencies, either towards family or towards research and others. Conclusion and Future Work: We identified common factors for donating healthy breast tissue from using grounded theory to interview previous donors of Asian descent. We will transcribe and code 9 more interviews, as well as use those interviews to confirm theoretical saturation. The findings from this study will be used in the future to inform a framework for developing recruitment strategies to increase overall participation of historically excluded individuals in the KTB. Future work will include exploring the motivations of Latinas regarding donating their healthy breast tissue.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendyn D. Cikaluk ◽  
Matthew M. Martell ◽  
Nathaniel J. M. Haven ◽  
Brendon S. Restall ◽  
Roger J. Zemp

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