One-View Asymmetry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul H. Levesque ◽  
Laura Sheiman
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Tissue Density ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Fibroglandular Tissue ◽  
Ultrasound Assessment

This chapter, appearing in the section “Asymmetry, Mass, and Distortion,” will discuss the presence of tissue asymmetry visualized only on one view. The distribution of fibroglandular tissue is extremely variable and unique from one patient to another; however, in most patients the parenchyma is usually distributed within the breasts symmetrically in a “mirror-image” fashion. Areas of tissue density (asymmetry) may be seen that are only visualized on the craniocaudal (CC) or mediolateral oblique (MLO) view. In the majority of patients, this finding represents superimposed normal tissue, or islands of normal parenchyma. Occasionally, underlying benign lesions may present as a tissue asymmetry. Rarely, a one-view asymmetry may represent a malignancy. This section will discuss the imaging features (including mammography, tomosynthesis, and ultrasound assessment), clinical features, differential diagnosis, and management suggestions for one-view asymmetries.

Spiculated Masses

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liva Andrejeva ◽  
Jaime L. Geisel ◽  
Malini Harigopal
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Imaging Protocols ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Management Recommendations

A spiculated mass is a centrally dense lesion seen on mammography with sharp lines radiating from its margin. The spicules can vary greatly in length, from a few millimeters to several centimeters. In malignant lesions, spicules represent a mixture of tumor cells and fibrosis invading the normal tissue surrounding the lesion. Although a spiculated mass is thought of as a classic finding of malignancy on mammography, ultrasound, and MRI, its differential diagnosis includes benign lesions. However, unless clinical history strongly supports a benign diagnosis, a spiculated mass on any modality typically will require additional workup and biopsy. This chapter reviews the key imaging and clinical features, imaging protocols and pitfalls, differential diagnoses, radiology–pathology correlations, and clinical management recommendations for a spiculated mass. Topics discussed include both malignant and benign masses.

Circumscribed Mass: Fibroadenoma

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Kettler
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Overwhelming Majority ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Peak Incidence ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
The Third ◽  
Terminal Duct Lobular Unit ◽  
Management Recommendations

A fibroadenoma is a benign fibroepithelial breast tumor arising from the terminal duct-lobular unit (TDLU), composed of epithelial and stromal elements. The overwhelming majority of fibroadenomas present as palpable or imaging-detected circumscribed masses showing sharp demarcation between the lesion and the adjacent breast tissue. Fibroadenomas are the most common benign breast tumor occurring in women, with a peak incidence in the third and fourth decades, but they can occur from childhood through the eight decade of life. This chapter, appearing in the section on asymmetry, mass, and distortion, reviews the key clinical and imaging features, differential diagnosis, and management recommendations for fibroadenomas.

Circumscribed Mass: Cysts, Complicated Cysts, Clustered Microcysts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Kettler
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Tissue Sampling ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Terminal Duct Lobular Unit ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Cystic Masses ◽  
Careful Assessment

Benign cysts can occur in women of all ages, but they have a predilection for women in their 40s and 50s, and are far less common in younger and older women. Most cysts arise at the level of the terminal duct-lobular unit (TDLU); less commonly, cysts are caused by ectasia of central ducts. This chapter, appearing in the section on circumscribed mass, reviews the key clinical and imaging features, differential diagnosis, and management recommendations for primary cystic masses, including simple cysts, complicated cysts, and clustered microcysts. Careful assessment of sonographic features usually allows a definitive diagnosis of these benign entities that do not typically require tissue sampling. Some complex masses containing fluid and/or cystic-appearing components may require tissue sampling for diagnosis.

Recurrent Corneal Erosions in Corneal Dystrophies: a Review of the Pathogenesis, Differential Diagnosis, and Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 235 (06) ◽  
pp. 689-696
Author(s):  
Amro Omari ◽  
Shahzad Mian
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Corneal Dystrophy ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Corneal Dystrophies ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy

Abstract Introduction Recurrent corneal erosions in corneal dystrophies are visually significant and bothersome to patients. The goal of this article is to review the pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, and management of recurrent corneal erosions in corneal dystrophies. Patients and Methods Forty-eight articles and 1 textbook recently published on corneal erosions in corneal dystrophies were reviewed. The findings on the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of erosions in each dystrophy were summarized. Any contradicting opinions for which the literature was unclear were either omitted or recorded as lacking strong evidence. Results and Conclusions The epithelial-stromal complex plays an important role in the pathogenesis of erosions in corneal dystrophies. The clinical features of each corneal dystrophy guide their diagnosis and management. A better understanding of the pathogenesis and clinical features of erosions in corneal dystrophies can lead to better clinical outcomes.

Differential Diagnosis of Spine Tumors: My Favorite Mistake

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 026-035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Albano ◽  
Carmelo Messina ◽  
Salvatore Gitto ◽  
Olympia Papakonstantinou ◽  
Luca Sconfienza
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Pulse Sequences ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Dual Energy Ct ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Robust Reliability

AbstractImaging has a pivotal role in the detection and characterization of spine bone tumors (SBTs), especially using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT). Although MR performed with conventional pulse sequences has a robust reliability in the assessment of SBTs, some imaging features of benign lesions and malignancies overlap, making the differential diagnosis challenging. Several imaging tools are now available to perform a correct interpretation of images of SBTs including diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced MR, Dixon sequences, and dual-energy CT. Nevertheless, strengths and weaknesses of imaging modalities should be kept in mind, and it is crucial to be aware of the pitfalls that can be encountered in daily clinical practice when dealing with these lesions. This review provides an overview on the main challenges encountered when dealing with SBTs, providing some tricks of the trade to avoid possible diagnostic traps.

scholarly journals Imaging Review of Skeletal Tumors of the Pelvis Malignant Tumors and Tumor Mimics

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gandikota Girish ◽  
Karen Finlay ◽  
David Fessell ◽  
Deepa Pai ◽  
Qian Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Plain Films ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Pelvic Lesions

Malignant lesions of the pelvis are not uncommon and need to be differentiated from benign lesions and tumor mimics. Appearances are sometimes nonspecific leading to consideration of a broad differential diagnosis. Clinical history, anatomic location, and imaging characterization can help narrow the differential diagnosis. The focus of this paper is to demonstrate the imaging features and the role of plain films, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging for detecting and characterizing malignant osseous pelvic lesions and their common mimics.

Asperger's syndrome: a clinical account

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna Wing
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Asperger's Syndrome ◽  
Asperger’S Syndrome ◽  
Childhood Autism ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Early Childhood Autism

SYNOPSISThe clinical features, course, aetiology, epidemiology, differential diagnosis and management of Asperger's syndrome are described. Classification is discussed and reasons are given for including the syndrome, together with early childhood autism, in a wider group of conditions which have, in common, impairment of development of social interaction, communication and imagination.

Vascular malformation of the internal auditory canal

1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (11) ◽  
pp. 1039-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essam Saleh ◽  
Maged Naguib ◽  
Alessandra Russo ◽  
Abdel Kader Taibah ◽  
Mario Sanna
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Vascular Malformation ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Internal Auditory Canal ◽  
Radiological Diagnosis ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Rare Lesion ◽  
Made In

AbstractA report of a case with a vascular malformation of the internal auditory canal (IAC) is presented. A review of the literature of this rather rare lesion is also made in an attempt to outline its clinical features, radiological diagnosis and management. The differential diagnosis and distinction between vascular malformations and other internal auditory canal tumours are discussed.

scholarly journals Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of epileptic and hypocalcemic seizures in children and adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1S) ◽  
pp. 66-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. O. Shchederkina ◽  
K. A. Orlova ◽  
I. E. Koltunov ◽  
E. M. Orlova ◽  
D. Yu. Korneev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Electrolyte Disorders ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Central Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Convulsive Seizures

Epileptic seizures require differential diagnosis with other paroxysmal conditions, including metabolic seizures. A variety of electrolyte changes can result in central nervous system dysfunction, including that as convulsive seizures. The paper describes electrolyte disorders leading to seizures, as well as their clinical features. It separately presents the  syndromes accompanied by hypocalcemia, in which there may be  convulsive paroxysms. The paper describes three clinical cases of  hypocalcemic seizures. It gives recommendations for the diagnosis and  management of patients with suspected metabolic seizures.

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