Treatment of Specific Organisms

Protozoans belonging to Plasmodium, Leishmania and Trypanosoma genera provoke widespread parasitic diseases with few treatment options and many of the clinically used drugs experiencing an extensive drug resistance phenomenon. In the last several years, the metalloenzyme Carbonic Anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) was cloned and characterized in the genome of these protozoa, with the aim to search for a new drug target for fighting malaria, leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. P. falciparum encodes for a CA (PfCA) belonging to a novel genetic family, the η-CA class, L. donovani chagasi for a β-CA (LdcCA), whereas T. cruzi genome contains an α-CA (TcCA). These three enzymes were characterized in detail and a number of in vitro potent and selective inhibitors belonging to the sulfonamide, thiol, dithiocarbamate and hydroxamate classes were discovered. Some of these inhibitors were also effective in cell cultures and animal models of protozoan infections, making them of considerable interest for the development of new antiprotozoan drugs with a novel mechanism of action.

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Chemical composition and modulation of bacterial drug resistance of the essential oil from leaves of Croton grewioides

Microbial Pathogenesis ◽

10.1016/j.micpath.2017.09.034 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 111 ◽

pp. 468-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Vivianne Marcelino de Medeiros ◽

Yuri Mangueira do Nascimento ◽

Augusto Lopes Souto ◽

Sara Alves Lucena Madeiro ◽

Vicente Carlos de Oliveira Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Bacterial Drug Resistance

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Research on intervention methods of nosocomial infection in neurosurgery

Reports in Clinical Studies and Medicine ◽

10.18282/rcsm.v2.i1.782 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Sung-Won Kim

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Infection Rate ◽

Effective Means ◽

Severe Trauma ◽

High Infection Rate ◽

Intervention Measures ◽

Bacterial Drug Resistance ◽

High Infection

<p>The proportion of critically ill patients from neurosurgery wards in hospitals is significantly higher than that from other departments. These patients suffer from low immune. At the same time, because of the severe trauma after surgery and the complexity of pathogens in patients, antibiotics are frequently used. However, the of bacterial drug resistance is relatively high because of the particularity of hospitals, which is a major reason for the high infection rate of neurosurgery patients. Therefore, regarding to these risk factors, intervention measures should be actively explored in hospitals, so as to control the infection rate, reduce the possibility of infection in neurosurgery patients, improve the rehabilitation efficiency of patients, and reduce unnecessary suffering of patients caused by infection. This is also an effective means to improve the quality of hospital medical care. </p>

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Developments in strategies for Quorum Sensing virulence factor inhibition to combat bacterial drug resistance

Microbial Pathogenesis ◽

10.1016/j.micpath.2018.05.046 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 121 ◽

pp. 293-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Shafiul Haque ◽

Faraz Ahmad ◽

Sajad A. Dar ◽

Arshad Jawed ◽

Raju K. Mandal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Quorum Sensing ◽

Virulence Factor ◽

Bacterial Drug Resistance

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Overview of ß-lactamase incidence on bacterial drug resistance

African Journal of Food Agriculture Nutrition and Development ◽

10.4314/ajfand.v4i13.71835 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (13) ◽

Author(s):

B Zeba

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Bacterial Drug Resistance

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PIN92 DO INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS FACE HIGHER BACTERIAL DRUG RESISTANCE COMPARED TO NATIVES? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Value in Health ◽

10.1016/j.jval.2019.09.1333 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. S654

Author(s):

B. Cabieses ◽

A. Peters ◽

M.P. Acuña ◽

N. Uphoff ◽

S. Astorga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Bacterial Drug Resistance ◽

International Migrants

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Metabolic plasticity imparts erlotinib-resistance in pancreatic cancer by upregulating glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

Cancer & Metabolism ◽

10.1186/s40170-020-00226-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Neha Sharma ◽

Alok Bhushan ◽

Jun He ◽

Gagan Kaushal ◽

Vikas Bhardwaj

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Pentose Phosphate ◽

Metabolic Phenotype ◽

Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Pancreatic Cancer Cells ◽

Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽

Resistant Cells

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most malignant forms of cancer. Lack of effective treatment options and drug resistance contributes to the low survival among PDAC patients. In this study, we investigated the metabolic alterations in pancreatic cancer cells that do not respond to the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib. We selected erlotinib-resistant pancreatic cancer cells from MiaPaCa2 and AsPC1 cell lines. Metabolic profiling of erlotinib-resistant cells revealed a significant downregulation of glycolytic activity and reduced level of glycolytic metabolites compared to the sensitive cells. The resistant cells displayed elevated expression of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) enzymes involved in ROS regulation and nucleotide biosynthesis. The enhanced PPP elevated cellular NADPH/NADP+ ratio and protected the cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage. Inhibition of PPP using 6-aminonicotinamide (6AN) elevated ROS levels, induced G1 cell cycle arrest, and sensitized resistant cells to erlotinib. Genetic studies identified elevated PPP enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) as an important contributor to erlotinib resistance. Mechanistically, our data showed that upregulation of inhibitor of differentiation (ID1) regulates G6PD expression in resistant cells thus contributing to altered metabolic phenotype and reduced response to erlotinib. Together, our results highlight an underlying role of tumor metabolism in PDAC drug response and identify G6PD as a target to overcome drug resistance.

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lncRNA and Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Cancers of the Genitourinary System

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers12082148 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 2148 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dominik A. Barth ◽

Jaroslav Juracek ◽

Ondrej Slaby ◽

Martin Pichler ◽

George A. Calin

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Cancer Therapies ◽

Protein Coding ◽

Genitourinary System ◽

Cellular Processes ◽

Rna Transcripts ◽

Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Regulatory Functions

Available systemic treatment options for cancers of the genitourinary system have experienced great progress in the last decade. However, a large proportion of patients eventually develop resistance to treatment, resulting in disease progression and shorter overall survival. Biomarkers indicating the increasing resistance to cancer therapies are yet to enter clinical routine. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are non-protein coding RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that exert multiple types of regulatory functions of all known cellular processes. Increasing evidence supports the role of lncRNAs in cancer development and progression. Additionally, their involvement in the development of drug resistance across various cancer entities, including genitourinary malignancies, are starting to be discovered. Consequently, lncRNAs have been suggested as factors in novel therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance in cancer. In this review, the existing evidences on lncRNAs and their involvement in mechanisms of drug resistance in cancers of the genitourinary system, including renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, and testicular cancer, will be highlighted and discussed to facilitate and encourage further research in this field. We summarize a significant number of lncRNAs with proposed pathways in drug resistance and available reported studies.

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