Focal Cognitive Syndromes

2021 ◽  
pp. 186-195
Author(s):  
Richard J. Caselli
Keyword(s):  
Visual Pathway ◽  
Dominant Hemisphere ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
Nonfluent Aphasia ◽  
Complex Disorders ◽  
Visual Disorder ◽  
Sensorimotor Deficits ◽  
Motor Speech Disorder ◽  
Specific Association ◽  
Single Modality

The neurologic results of cortical lesions reflect the structural properties of the affected region. Lesions affecting primary sensorimotor cortices result in primary sensorimotor deficits that are qualitatively all-or-nothing, such as blindness (hemianopia) and paralysis (hemiparesis). Quantitatively, though, the severity of the deficit depends on the extent of the lesion (so that a hemiparetic patient may not be completely paralyzed but simply weak). Lesions affecting modality-specific association regions result in conceptually more complex disorders that are confined to a single modality, such as nonfluent aphasia (a form of motor speech disorder reflecting the language-dominant hemisphere) or prosopagnosia (a visual disorder impairing the ability to disambiguate visually similar entities, specifically faces, reflecting the “what” visual pathway in inferotemporal cortices).

Dysprosody and the Foreign Accent Syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina L. Haley
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Stress Rate ◽  
Foreign Accent ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
Nonfluent Aphasia ◽  
Accented Speech ◽  
Motor Speech Disorder ◽  
Psychosocial Consequences ◽  
Foreign Accent Syndrome ◽  
Focal Brain Injury

Abstract Purpose: The sudden emergence of a foreign accent in an individual's native language has been described in the literature for over 60 years. In one of the most famous cases, the terms prosody and dysprosody first were introduced to the literature. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the prosodic changes seen in the foreign accent syndrome (FAS) and to review its etiology and clinical course. Method: Case studies were reviewed, with an emphasis on information about clinical presentation and course and on speech changes affecting stress, rate, duration, and intonation. Results and Conclusions: In the majority of published cases with FAS, there has been documented focal brain injury in the left cerebral hemisphere, and the foreign accent has emerged after a period of recovery from muteness, nonfluent aphasia, and/or motor speech disorder. In other cases, a psychogenic etiology has been established or suggested. Stress, rate, and duration changes are similar to those seen in nonfluent aphasia and apraxia of speech, whereas intonation changes are more specific to the foreign accent presentation. Information about recovery and psychosocial consequences of the accented speech is sparse and these areas are in need of further study. In particular, there is a need for detailed and clinically oriented case studies with longitudinal follow-up.

10-Effects of non-invasive brain stimulation on motor speech disorder in Parkinson’s disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. e9
Author(s):  
L. Brabenec ◽  
J. Mekyska ◽  
Z. Galáž ◽  
P. Klobušiakova ◽  
M. Koštálová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Speech Disorder ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Motor Speech Disorder

scholarly journals Childhood Apraxia of Speech. Developmental Speech Patterns. A Wide Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3sup1) ◽  
pp. 54-68
Author(s):  
Elad Vashdi ◽  
◽  
Amit Avramov ◽  
Špela Falatov ◽  
Huang Yi-Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Speech Disorder ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
Motor Speech Disorder ◽  
Speech Patterns

Patterns of a phenomenon define the entity. If one understands the patterns of the maze, he can find his way there. Patterns of colors on a dress will hold its characters and soul. Understanding the expressive patterns of a developmental syndrome enables treating it with success. It is true for treating Childhood Apraxia of speech (CAS) as well. CAS as motor-speech disorder involves difficulties in sounds production for speech purposes. The difficulties can be demonstrated in patterns that would be specific to CAS. These patterns can distinguish one phenomenon from another. A retrospective research was conducted based on 277 entry level evaluations of children diagnosed with CAS or suspected of CAS who visited a private clinic between 2006 and 2013. The analysis included speech variables alongside background and environmental variables. This article is dealing with speech patterns of children with motor speech disorder. Among the patterns examined are vowels ladder, single syllable ladder, Blowing and SSP (single sound production), Oral motor and SSP, Consonant group ladder and Consonants Exploratory factor analysis. The findings demonstrated the relationship and order of vowels, consonants and single syllables among Hebrew speaking children diagnosed with motor speech disorder. The Consonants Exploratory factor analysis gave validity to the existence of unique consonant groups. Further discussion regarding every result and its implication is included. Understanding the unique patterns of consonants and vowels strength among children with CAS can help clinicians in the decision-making process and goals targeting.

scholarly journals Estimation of Phoneme-Specific HMM Topologies for the Automatic Recognition of Dysarthric Speech

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago-Omar Caballero-Morales
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
Motor Speech Disorder ◽  
Acoustic Modelling ◽  
Speech Database ◽  
Recognition Systems ◽  
Dysarthric Speech ◽  
Different Levels

Dysarthria is a frequently occurring motor speech disorder which can be caused by neurological trauma, cerebral palsy, or degenerative neurological diseases. Because dysarthria affects phonation, articulation, and prosody, spoken communication of dysarthric speakers gets seriously restricted, affecting their quality of life and confidence. Assistive technology has led to the development of speech applications to improve the spoken communication of dysarthric speakers. In this field, this paper presents an approach to improve the accuracy of HMM-based speech recognition systems. Because phonatory dysfunction is a main characteristic of dysarthric speech, the phonemes of a dysarthric speaker are affected at different levels. Thus, the approach consists in finding the most suitable type of HMM topology (Bakis, Ergodic) for each phoneme in the speaker’s phonetic repertoire. The topology is further refined with a suitable number of states and Gaussian mixture components for acoustic modelling. This represents a difference when compared with studies where a single topology is assumed for all phonemes. Finding the suitable parameters (topology and mixtures components) is performed with a Genetic Algorithm (GA). Experiments with a well-known dysarthric speech database showed statistically significant improvements of the proposed approach when compared with the single topology approach, even for speakers with severe dysarthria.

A Novel Protocol Designed to Treat Spastic Dysarthria Secondary to Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Kristine Galek ◽  
Ed M. Bice ◽  
Katie Allen
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Exercise Science ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
Motor Speech Disorder ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Vocal Quality ◽  
Activation Pathways

Introduction Spastic dysarthria is a motor speech disorder produced by bilateral damage to the activation pathways of the central nervous system. Its speech characteristics reflect the effects of hypertonicity and weakness of the bulbar musculature in a way that slows movement and reduces range of motion and force. Perceptually, speech has a high-pitched, strained, hypernasal vocal quality with decreased intelligibility. Purpose The purpose is to present a case illustration describing the use of a novel treatment protocol to improve speech intelligibility in the presence of spastic dysarthria. Method An underlying framework, including principles of exercise, neuroplasticity, and motor learning with adjunctive biofeedback, is described. The protocol consisted of four sessions per week for 4 weeks with daily homework. Results The participant exhibited improvements in intelligibility, patient satisfaction, lingual, and jaw range of motion, nasality, and tongue strength. Conclusion The use of a novel protocol using biofeedback and incorporating principles of exercise science, neuroplasticity, and motor learning for the treatment of spastic dysarthria demonstrated positive outcomes.

scholarly journals Communication Support for People with ALS

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Beukelman ◽  
Susan Fager ◽  
Amy Nordness
Keyword(s):  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
Motor Speech Disorder ◽  
Speech Performance ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Almost all people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) experience a motor speech disorder, such as dysarthria, as the disease progresses. At some point, 80 to of people with ALS are unable to meet their daily communication needs using natural speech. Unfortunately, once intelligibility begins to decrease, speech performance often deteriorates so rapidly that there is little time to implement an appropriate augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention; therefore, appropriate timing of referral for AAC assessment and intervention continues to be a most important clinical decision-making issue. AAC acceptance and use have increased considerably during the past decade. Many people use AAC until within a few weeks of their deaths.

scholarly journals Social Robotics in Therapy of Apraxia of Speech

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Castillo ◽  
Diego Álvarez-Fernández ◽  
Fernando Alonso-Martín ◽  
Sara Marques-Villarroya ◽  
Miguel A. Salichs
Keyword(s):  
Multimodal Interaction ◽  
Social Robot ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
Motor Speech Disorder ◽  
Speech Rehabilitation ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
The Right

Apraxia of speech is a motor speech disorder in which messages from the brain to the mouth are disrupted, resulting in an inability for moving lips or tongue to the right place to pronounce sounds correctly. Current therapies for this condition involve a therapist that in one-on-one sessions conducts the exercises. Our aim is to work in the line of robotic therapies in which a robot is able to perform partially or autonomously a therapy session, endowing a social robot with the ability of assisting therapists in apraxia of speech rehabilitation exercises. Therefore, we integrate computer vision and machine learning techniques to detect the mouth pose of the user and, on top of that, our social robot performs autonomously the different steps of the therapy using multimodal interaction.

scholarly journals Communication Limitations in Patients With Progressive Apraxia of Speech and Aphasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1976-1986
Author(s):  
Rene L. Utianski ◽  
Heather M. Clark ◽  
Joseph R. Duffy ◽  
Hugo Botha ◽  
Jennifer L. Whitwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Communication ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Motor Speech Disorder ◽  
Language Evaluations ◽  
Language Measures

Purpose Individuals with primary progressive apraxia of speech (AOS) have AOS in which disruptions in articulation and prosody predominate the speech pattern. Many develop aphasia and/or dysarthria later in the disease course. The aim of this study was to describe the communication limitations in these patients, as measured by (a) the patient via the Communicative Participation Item Bank (CPIB) and (b) the speech-language pathologist via the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's (ASHA) Functional Communication Measures (FCMs) and an adapted motor speech disorder (MSD) severity rating. Method Speech and language evaluations were completed for 24 patients with progressive AOS ( n = 7 with isolated AOS; n = 17 with a combination of AOS and aphasia). Descriptive comparisons were utilized to evaluate differences in communication measures among patients with various combinations of MSDs and aphasia. Differences associated with phonetic predominant or prosodic predominant AOS were also examined. Across the entire cohort, correlations were calculated between the participation ratings and other clinical assessment measures. Results The CPIB reflected greater limitations for those with aphasia and AOS compared to isolated AOS, but was not notably different when dysarthria occurred with AOS ( n = 9/24). Across the cohort, there were statistically significant correlations between the CPIB and ASHA FCM–Motor Speech and Language Expression ratings and the MSD severity rating. The CPIB did not correlate with the ASHA FCM–Language Comprehension or other speech-language measures. Conclusions Patients with neurodegenerative AOS experience reduced participation in communication that is further exacerbated by co-occurring language deficits. The study suggests measures of severity cannot be assumed to correlate with measures of participation restrictions and offers a foundation for further research examining the day-to-day sequela of progressive speech and language disorders. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12743252

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