Core dimensions of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 301-308
Author(s):  
Eric Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Hyperkinetic Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

This chapter presents an account of the clinical picture of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the severe form hyperkinetic disorder. They are disabilities that change with development and are often accompanied by other problems that can mask it or themselves be masked by it. Clinical and standardized ways of making the diagnosis are described. Inattentiveness and impulsive hyperactivity are rewarding challenges for diagnosis and treatment in adulthood, as well as during childhood and adolescence.

Hyperkinetic disorder: assessment and treatment

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Cameron ◽  
Peter Hill
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Hyperkinetic Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv

Hyperkinetic disorder is the generic ICD-10 (WHO, 1992) term used to describe one of the most common childhood psychiatric disorders. It is a severe form of a syndrome which is referred to in DSM–IV (APA, 1994) and the American literature as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Hyperactivity or hyperkinesis can be defined as “an enduring disposition to behave in a restless, inattentive, distractible and disorganised fashion” (Taylor, 1994). It is thus more than motor overactivity. Diagnostically there are three main groups of symptomatology: overactivity, inattentiveness and impulsiveness.

Imaging Normal and Abnormal Brain Development: New Perspectives for Child Psychiatry

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith L. Rapoport ◽  
Xavier F. Castellanos ◽  
Nitin Gogate ◽  
Kristin Janson ◽  
Shawn Kohler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Developmental Neuroscience ◽  
Abnormal Brain

Objective: The availability of non-invasive brain imaging permits the study of normal and abnormal brain development in childhood and adolescence. This paper summarizes current knowledge of brain abnormalities of two conditions, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and childhood onset schizophrenia (COS), and illustrates how such findings are bringing clinical and preclinical perspectives closer together. Method: A selected review is presented of the pattern and temporal characteristics of anatomic brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in ADHD and COS. These results are discussed in terms of candidate mechanisms suggested by studies in developmental neuroscience. Results: There are consistent, diagnostically specific patterns of brain abnormality for ADHD and COS. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is characterized by a slightly smaller (4%) total brain volume (both white and grey matter), less-consistent abnormalities of the basal ganglia and a striking (15%) decrease in posterior inferior cerebellar vermal volume. These changes do not progress with age. In contrast, patients with COS have smaller brain volume due to a 10% decrease in cortical grey volume. Moreover, in COS there is a progressive loss of regional grey volume particularly in frontal and temporal regions during adolescence. Conclusions: In ADHD, the developmental pattern suggests an early non-progressive ‘lesion’ involving neurotrophic factors controlling overall brain growth and selected dopamine circuits. In contrast, in COS, which shows progressive grey matter loss, various candidate processes influencing later synaptic and dendritic pruning are suggested by human post-mortem and developmental animal studies.

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