Impulse-control and its disorders, including pathological gambling

2020 ◽  
pp. 1257-1264
Author(s):  
Donald W. Black
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Control ◽  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Intermittent Explosive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Behavioural Addictions

Impulse-control disorders (ICDs) are conditions, the hallmark of which is difficulty with emotional and behavioural self-regulation. Acknowledged in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, third edition (DSM-III) as ‘disorders of impulse control not elsewhere classified’, the category was reorganized in DSM-5 as ‘disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders’. This chapter discusses oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), intermittent explosive disorder, kleptomania, pyromania, and gambling disorder. Several non-DSM conditions are also included: compulsive shopping, Internet addiction, and compulsive sexual behaviour. The latter conditions are often referred to as behavioural addictions, a category for disorders that appear to share commonalities with traditional substance use disorders but are not associated with the use of drugs or alcohol.

Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 166-190
Author(s):  
Ingrid Carla Brussier
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Therapy Options ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Biological Development

This chapter investigates the psychological, physiological, and social aspects of conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). These disorders are classified in the disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders class in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (2013). This chapter will consider the symptoms of ODD and CD and their effect on a child's social and biological development. The most common consequences of the disorders will be discussed: for example, the risk for other psychopathologies, social adversities, delinquency, and aggression. These severe outcomes signal the need for therapy options for children and adolescents and the assessment of their efficacy.

scholarly journals Komorbiditas pada anak gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktivitas (GPPH) pada 20 Sekolah Dasar di Kota Manado

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niluh Dewi Ratnasari ◽  
Theresia M. D. Kaunang ◽  
Anita E. Dundu
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Adhd Children

Abstract: Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the main problems in psychiatry which is often found in children under age of 7 years. ADHD is associated with comorbidities which are: oppositional defiant disorder, conduction disorder, anxiety disorder, depression, and learning disability. This study was aimed to determine the comorbidities in ADHD children. This was a descriptive-quantitative study with a cross sectional design conducted 20 elementary schools in Manado from November 2015 to January 2016. Respondents were students of class 1 to class 6 elementary school aged 6-12 years obtained by using purposive sampling method. Instrument of this study was based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5). The results showed that of the total 5,725 students, there were 611 students that had been screened for ADHD and 143 students (23%) had comorbid of ADHD. Based on gender, there were 82 males (57.3%) and 61 females (42.7%); the highest percentage were age 11 years old (27.3%). The comorbidities were as follows: oppositional defiant disorder (65.7%), conduct disorder (17.5%), autism spectrum disorder (28.7%), anxiety disorder (22.4%), developmental coordination disorder (23.1%), depression disorder (23.1%), physical abuse (11.2%), and emotional abuse (53.8%). Conclusion: The most common comorbidity in children with ADHD at 20 elementary schools in Manado was oppositional defiant disorder.Keywords: comorbidity, ADHD, children, manado Abstrak: Gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktivitas (GPPH) merupakan salah satu masalah psikiatri utama yang sering ditemukan pada anak di bawah usia 7 tahun. GPPH memiliki keterkaitan dengan komorbiditas. Komorbiditas pada GPPH yang paling sering ialah gangguan menentang oposisional, gangguan konduksi, gangguan kecemasan, depresi, dan ketidakmampuan belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komorbiditas pada anak GPPH. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif-kuantitatif dengan desain potong lintang yang dilakukan pada 20 sekolah dasar di Kota Manado dari bulan November 2015 sampai Januari 2016. Responden diperoleh dengan metode purposive sampling yaitu siswa-siswi kelas 1 sampai kelas 6 sekolah dasar usia 6-12 tahun. Instrumen penelitian komorbiditas yang digunakan berdasarkan Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari keseluruhan 5.725 siswa, yang telah terskrinning GPPH berjumlah 611 siswa, dan 143 siswa (23%) mengalami komorbiditas pada GPPH. Berdasarkan jenis kelamin laki-laki 82 responden (57,3%) dan perempuan 61 responden (42,7%) terbanyak pada usia 11 tahun (27,3%). Hasil komorbiditas ialah sebagai berikut: gangguan perilaku menentang oposisional (65,7%), gangguan konduksi (17,5%), gangguan spektrum autisme (28,7%), gangguan kecemasan (22,4%), gangguan perkembangan koordinasi (23,1%), gangguan depresi (23,1%), gangguan kekerasan fisik (11,2%), dan gangguan kekerasan emosional (53,8%). Simpulan: Komorbiditas terbanyak pada anak dengan GPPH yang ditemukan pada 20 sekolah dasar di Kota Manado ialah gangguan menentang oposisional.Kata kunci: komorbiditas, GPPH, anak, Manado

Comparison of Alcohol Use Disorders in DSM and ICD

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Jessica W. M. Wong ◽  
Friedrich M. Wurst ◽  
Ulrich W. Preuss
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Historical Developments

Abstract. Introduction: With advances in medicine, our understanding of diseases has deepened and diagnostic criteria have evolved. Currently, the most frequently used diagnostic systems are the ICD (International Classification of Diseases) and the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) to diagnose alcohol-related disorders. Results: In this narrative review, we follow the historical developments in ICD and DSM with their corresponding milestones reflecting the scientific research and medical considerations of their time. The current diagnostic concepts of DSM-5 and ICD-11 and their development are presented. Lastly, we compare these two diagnostic systems and evaluate their practicability in clinical use.

Angststörungen – von der ICD-10 zur ICD-11

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Timo D. Vloet ◽  
Marcel Romanos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Nach 12 Jahren Entwicklung wird die 11. Version der International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) im Januar 2022 in Kraft treten. Methodik: Im Rahmen eines selektiven Übersichtsartikels werden die Veränderungen im Hinblick auf die Klassifikation von Angststörungen von der ICD-10 zur ICD-11 zusammenfassend dargestellt. Ergebnis: Die diagnostischen Kriterien der generalisierten Angststörung, Agoraphobie und spezifischen Phobien werden angepasst. Die ICD-11 wird auf Basis einer Lebenszeitachse neu organisiert, sodass die kindesaltersspezifischen Kategorien der ICD-10 aufgelöst werden. Die Trennungsangststörung und der selektive Mutismus werden damit den „regulären“ Angststörungen zugeordnet und können zukünftig auch im Erwachsenenalter diagnostiziert werden. Neu ist ebenso, dass verschiedene Symptomdimensionen der Angst ohne kategoriale Diagnose verschlüsselt werden können. Diskussion: Die Veränderungen im Bereich der Angsterkrankungen umfassen verschiedene Aspekte und sind in der Gesamtschau nicht unerheblich. Positiv zu bewerten ist die Einführung einer Lebenszeitachse und Parallelisierung mit dem Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Schlussfolgerungen: Die entwicklungsbezogene Neuorganisation in der ICD-11 wird auch eine verstärkte längsschnittliche Betrachtung von Angststörungen in der Klinik sowie Forschung zur Folge haben. Damit rückt insbesondere die Präventionsforschung weiter in den Fokus.

Diagnoses, Dimensions, and DSM-5

2010 ◽  
pp. 254-279
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Widiger ◽  
Maryanne Edmundson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III) is often said to have provided a significant paradigm shift in how psychopathology is diagnosed. The authors of DSM-5 have the empirical support and the opportunity to lead the field of psychiatry to a comparably bold new future in diagnosis and classification. The purpose of this chapter is to address the validity of the categorical and dimensional models for the classification and diagnosis of psychopathology. Considered in particular will be research concerning substance use disorders, mood disorders, and personality disorders. Limitations and concerns with respect to a dimensional classification of psychopathology are also considered. The chapter concludes with a recommendation for a conversion to a more quantitative, dimensional classification of psychopathology.

scholarly journals Case Report: DSM–5 misses an edge case in tic disorders nosology

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 505
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Black
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Tic Disorders ◽  
Tourette’S Disorder ◽  
Tic Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Tourette's Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5

A boy with multiple phonic tics, one lifetime motor tic, and no impairment or marked distress does not meet criteria for any DSM–5 tic disorder diagnosis. The next version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual should adjust the criteria for Tourette's Disorder and/or for "other specified tic disorder" and "unspecified tic disorder."

scholarly journals Mental disorders in Australian 4- to 17- year olds: Parent-reported need for help

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E Johnson ◽  
David Lawrence ◽  
Michael Sawyer ◽  
Stephen R Zubrick
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

Objective: To describe the extent to which parents report that 4- to 17-year-olds with symptoms meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria for mental disorders need help, the types of help needed, the extent to which this need is being met and factors associated with a need for help. Method: During 2013–2014, a national household survey of the mental health of Australia’s young people (Young Minds Matter) was conducted, involving 6310 parents (and carers) of 4- to 17-year-olds. The survey identified 12-month mental disorders using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children – Version IV ( n = 870) and asked parents about the need for four types of help – information, medication, counselling and life skills. Results: Parents of 79% of 4- to 17-year-olds with mental disorders reported that their child needed help, and of these, only 35% had their needs fully met. The greatest need for help was for those with major depressive disorder (95%) and conduct disorder (93%). Among these, 39% of those with major depressive disorder but only 19% of those with conduct disorder had their needs fully met. Counselling was the type of help most commonly identified as being needed (68%). In multivariate models, need for counselling was higher when children had autism or an intellectual disability, in blended families, when parents were distressed, and in the most advantaged socioeconomic areas. Conclusions: Many children and adolescents meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria for mental disorders have a completely unmet need for help, especially those with conduct disorders. Even with mild disorders, lack of clinical assessment represents an important missed opportunity for early intervention and treatment.

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