Introduction to the neuropsychiatric examination

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Jonathan Silver ◽  
Sonja Blum
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Mental Status ◽  
Neurological Examination ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Traumatic Amnesia ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Mental Status Examination ◽  
Cognitive Problems ◽  
Learning Points

The neuropsychiatric examination is designed to assess emotional, behavioural, and cognitive problems associated with neurological disorders and must be adjusted in relation to the patient’s symptoms, abilities, or impairments. This chapter describes the basic stages of the examination, focusing initially on its application for patients with milder symptoms, and then describing its use for patients with more severe cognitive and behavioural problems. It begins with the interview, in which information is gathered on the patient’s mental history, cognition, and family neuropsychiatric history to identify the likelihood of certain genetic conditions. A description is then given of the mental status examination, measuring the patient’s performance across cognitive domains, before the application of a brief neurological examination. A number of useful diagnostic tests are then discussed, along with the special considerations necessary for patients with post-traumatic amnesia, post-traumatic confusional state, and disorders of consciousness. The chapter contains case studies and learning points.

Post-traumatic amnesia

2021 ◽  
pp. practneurol-2021-003056
Author(s):  
Thomas D Parker ◽  
Richard Rees ◽  
Sangeerthana Rajagopal ◽  
Colette Griffin ◽  
Luke Goodliffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Planning ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Acute Setting ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Traumatic Amnesia ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
Practical Level

Post-traumatic amnesia is the transient state of altered brain function that may follow a traumatic brain injury. At a practical level, an individual has emerged from post-traumatic amnesia when he or she is fully orientated and with return of continuous memory. However, the clinical manifestations are often more complex, with numerous cognitive domains commonly affected, as well as behaviour. In the acute setting, post-traumatic amnesia may easily go unrecognised; this is problematic as it has important implications for both immediate management and for longer-term prognosis. We therefore recommend its careful clinical assessment and prospective evaluation using validated tools. Patients in post-traumatic amnesia who have behavioural disturbance can be particularly challenging to manage. Behavioural and environmental measures form the mainstay of its treatment while avoiding pharmacological interventions where possible, as they may worsen agitation. Patients need assessing regularly to determine their need for further rehabilitation and to facilitate safe discharge planning.

A method for quantifying a mental status examination

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Spaulding ◽  
M. Richlin ◽  
J. D. Phelan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Status ◽  
Mental Status Examination

scholarly journals Relationship between post-traumatic amnesia and white matter integrity in traumatic brain injury using tract-based spatial statistics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Jye Cho ◽  
Sung Ho Jang
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Superior Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Uncinate Fasciculus ◽  
Traumatic Amnesia ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncle

AbstractThis study used tract-based spatial statistics to examine the relationship between post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) and white matter integrity in patients with a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Forty-seven patients with TBI in the chronic stage and 47 age- and sex-matched normal control subjects were recruited to the study. Correlation coefficients were calculated to observe the relationships among the PTA duration, white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) values, and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) results in the patient group. Both before and after Benjamini–Hochberg (BH) corrections, FA values of 46 of the 48 regions of interests of the patient group were lower than those of the control group. The FA values of column and body of fornix, left crus of fornix, left uncinate fasciculus, right hippocampus part of cingulum, left medial lemniscus, right superior cerebellar peduncle, left superior cerebellar peduncle, and left posterior thalamic radiation (after BH correction: the uncinate fasciculus and right hippocampus part of cingulum) in the patient group were negatively correlated with PTA duration. PTA duration was related to the injury severity of eight neural structures, each of which is involved in the cognitive functioning of patients with TBI. Therefore, PTA duration can indicate injury severity of the above neural structures in TBI patients.

Post-traumatic amnesia

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1475-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence A.G. Marshman ◽  
David Jakabek ◽  
Maria Hennessy ◽  
Frances Quirk ◽  
Eric P. Guazzo
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Amnesia ◽  
Post Traumatic

Neurosarcoidosis Presenting as Schizophreniform Disorder

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Sabaawi ◽  
Jose Gutierrez-Nunez ◽  
M. Richard Fragala
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Mental Status ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Steroid Treatment ◽  
Schizophreniform Disorder ◽  
Schizophrenic Psychosis ◽  
Neurologic Involvement ◽  
Mental Status Examination ◽  
Psychiatric Manifestations

A patient whose clinical presentation met criteria for schizophreniform disorder was ultimately found to have neurosarcoidosis, and the psychiatric symptoms responded to steroid treatment. The ongoing search for organic etiology was prompted by the presence of cognitive decline, perseveration and rare bizarre automatisms. This is virtually the first reported association between schizophreniform disorder and sarcoidosis. We reviewed the literature on neurologic involvement and psychiatric manifestations in sarcoidosis as well as the concurrence between organicity and schizophrenic psychosis. The importance of attending to all elements of the mental status examination in a patient with complex atypical findings is underscored.

scholarly journals Post-traumatic amnesia: still a valuable yardstick.

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
J T Wilson ◽  
G M Teasdale ◽  
D M Hadley ◽  
K D Wiedmann ◽  
D Lang
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Amnesia ◽  
Post Traumatic
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