Streptococcal and staphylococcal infections

2019 ◽  
pp. 373-376
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Staphylococcal Infections ◽  
Group A ◽  
Genitourinary Medicine ◽  
Group B ◽  
In Pregnancy

Streptococcal and staphylococcal infections provides an overview of the pathology, relevant to genitourinary medicine, caused by these common bacteria. Each section gives a broad overview of the carriage and transmission of streptococci and staphylococci in the human host followed by information on genital infections. The section on streptococci contains information on Group A and Group B beta haemolytic streptococci and includes specific information pertaining to Group B beta haemolytic streptococci in pregnancy. The section on staphylococci concentrates on Staphylococcus aureus and includes specific information on, Panton–Valentine leucocidin-positive (PVL) infection, as well as the presentation, aetiology, and management of toxic shock syndrome (TSS).

scholarly journals Menstrual Cup-Associated Toxic Shock Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Neumann ◽  
Rene Kaiser ◽  
Judith Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Risk Of Recurrence ◽  
Individual Approach ◽  
Group A ◽  
Toxigenic Strains

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare inflammatory response syndrome associated with an infection by toxigenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus or group A ?-haemolytic Streptococcus. We report a rare case of menstrual TSS associated with usage of a menstrual cup. The diagnosis was established through case definition criteria and supported by vaginal cultural growth of Staphylococcus aureus with evidence of TSS toxin 1 (TSST-1). The patient received prophylactic intravaginal clindamycin in an individual approach to reduce the risk of recurrence. No relapse was reported in the 12 months following discharge.

scholarly journals Successful Treatment of both Mother and Infant in Pregnancy-Associated Group a Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Takayuki Tanaka ◽  
Kousaku Matsubara ◽  
Yumiko Umemoto ◽  
Hideto Harada ◽  
Atsushi Ohyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Group A ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals Chitosan Malate Inhibits Growth and Exotoxin Production of Toxic Shock Syndrome-Inducing Staphylococcus aureus Strains and Group A Streptococci

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 3056-3062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Schlievert
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Necrotizing Fasciitis ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Group A Streptococci ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Inhibitory Compound ◽  
Group A

ABSTRACT Previously, it has been shown that the polysaccharide chitosan inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria. In this study, chitosan malate was evaluated in broth and thin-film cultures for its effect on the growth and exotoxin production of toxic shock syndrome (TSS)-inducing Staphylococcus aureus (five strains, three producing TSS toxin 1 and one each producing enterotoxin B or C) and group A streptococci (three strains producing streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A). Also, the compound was evaluated in a rabbit subcutaneous Wiffle ball model for its ability to prevent S. aureus and group A streptococcal induction of TSS. Finally, chitosan malate was evaluated for its ability to prevent TSS and necrotizing fasciitis in rabbits after subcutaneous inoculation with microbes. Chitosan malate inhibited both bacterial growth and, at sub-growth-inhibitory concentrations, the production of exotoxins, in both broth and thin-film cultures. Rabbits treated with chitosan malate in implanted Wiffle balls were protected from prior challenge with TSS-inducing S. aureus compared to animals not receiving chitosan malate (P < 0.001) and group A streptococci (P < 0.005). Chitosan malate protected rabbits from the development of streptococcal TSS with necrotizing fasciitis (P < 0.01). The data suggest that use of this growth- and toxin-inhibitory compound may be able to reduce the severity of S. aureus and group A streptococcal mucous membrane and trauma-associated skin infections.

Infections Due to Staphylococci

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis L. Stevens ◽  
Sarah E Hobdey
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Staphylococcal Infections ◽  
Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Staphylococci are nonsporulating, nonmotile, gram-positive cocci that have an average diameter of 1 µm. Microscopically, staphylococci tend to be larger and rounder than streptococci. Because cell division occurs on three planes, these organisms are typically found in grapelike clusters and tetrads, as well as in pairs and sometimes in short chains. Staphylococci are very hardy organisms and can withstand much more physical and chemical stress than pneumococci and streptococci. Because staphylococci are facultative anaerobes, they will grow in the presence or absence of oxygen. Staphylococci are catalase positive. Of the species of staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus is by far the most important human pathogen. This review covers the epidemiology and pathogenesis of S. aureus, clinical infections associated with S. aureus, treatment of staphylococcal infections, and staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome. Clinically important coagulase-negative staphylococci such as S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus are also discussed. Tables list antibiotic treatment for staphylococcal infections, clinical manifestations of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome, and antibiotic treatment for staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome. This review contains 3 figures, 6 tables, and 54 references. Key words: Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcal infections; Coagulase-negative staphylococci; Skin and soft tissue infections; S. aureus bacteremia; MRSA; Methicillin-resistant S. aureus; Toxic shock syndrome

scholarly journals Postoperative Complications Followed by Septoplasty Comparison between Conventional Nasal Packing and Glove Finger Pack

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aamir Yousuf ◽  
Zafarullah Beigh ◽  
Manzoor Ahmad Malik ◽  
Rafiq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Nasal Packing ◽  
Septal Perforation ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Glove Finger ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Gauze Pack

ABSTRACT Objective Objective of this study is to compare complications in postseptoplasty patients using conventional nasal packing and glove finger packing. Materials and methods In our study 95 patients who underwent septoplasty were enrolled and written consent taken for the study among these 95 patients, 50 patients were put in group A and 45 patients in group B. In group A patients glove finger packing was done and in group B patients conventional packing using medicated gauze was done and postoperative complications like postoperative pain, hemorrhage, septal perforation, toxic shock syndrome, septal hematoma, septal deviation and synechia/adhesion bands were compared between two groups, follow-up was done for both groups for 3 weeks. Result Our study showed that their was significantly less pain in group A patients and also their was less incidence of synechia in group A patients as compared to group B patients, their was not much difference in other complications. Conclusion Our results point out that glove finger pack has more advantage than conventional medicated gauze pack. We recommend use of glove finger pack after septoplasty procedure. How to cite this article Beigh Z, Yousuf A, Malik MA, Ahmad R. Postoperative Complications Followed by Septoplasty Comparison between Conventional Nasal Packing and Glove Finger Pack. Clin Rhinol Int J 2012;5(1):11-13.

scholarly journals Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome following total thyroidectomy

2013 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 457-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
J AZ Hung ◽  
P Rajeev
Keyword(s):  
Total Thyroidectomy ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Cowden Syndrome ◽  
Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Group A ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Improve Patient ◽  
Management Issues

Group A streptococcal toxic shock syndrome following clean surgery is a rare occurrence. Its incidence following thyroid surgery has not been described in the literature. We report on the presentation and management of severe streptococcal toxic shock syndrome following a total thyroidectomy for a multinodular goitre in a patient with Cowden syndrome. This report presents an overview of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome with a focus on the management issues to consider so as to improve patient outcome. All surgeons must maintain a high index of suspicion for this rare but dangerous entity.

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