Contraception, including contraception for women living with HIV

2019 ◽  
pp. 381-428
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Termination Of Pregnancy ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Past ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

In 2016, the number of pregnancies in women in England and Wales under 18 reached an all-time low since records began in 1969, although over the past decade legal abortions have increased in all ages except those over 40. Approximately 60% of women undergoing a termination of pregnancy report using a method of contraception at the time of conception – usually oral contraceptives or condoms. Long-active methods of contraception are the most reliable in preventing pregnancy. This chapter details the different methods of contraception, mode of action, benefits and disadvantages of different methods, efficacy, how to start and switch methods, including contraception post-partum and in women living with HIV infection.

scholarly journals Burden of HIV-Related Stigma and Post-Partum Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study of Patients Attending Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Clinic at Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obadia Yator ◽  
Muthoni Mathai ◽  
Tele Albert ◽  
Manasi Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Internalized Stigma ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Mother To Child

Background: We look at how various HIV-related stigma subtypes, especially internalizing types, interact with postpartum depression (PPD) among women living with HIV. Additionally, we identify key psychosocial risk factors that influence stigma and PPD among women attending Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) clinics.Methods: In this cross-sectional design, 123 women living with HIV were recruited. Participants ages between 18 and 50, who were at least 8 weeks postpartum seeking PMTCT services at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), between June and September 2014 participated in the study. HIV/AIDS Stigma Instrument—PLWHA (HASI–P) was used to assesses stigma and Postpartum depression was assessed by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Bivariate and multivariate regression models were used to determine the individual characteristics associated with the HIV-related stigma Scale. Post survey a few in-depth-interviews were conducted to explore individuals' stigma and depression experiences.Results: The mean age was 31.2 years (SD = 5.2). Fifty-nine (48%) women screened positive for significant depressive symptoms. Post-partum depression was a significant predictor of internalized stigma, enacted, and total stigma (P < 0.05). Older age was associated with less internalized stigma. Living with a partner was associated with more internalized stigma. Having an income above 100 USD per month was protective against stigma. Having good family social support was protective against internalized stigma. A higher educational level was protective against enacted stigma. Being treated for STIs was a risk factor for both enacted and overall stigma.Conclusions: HIV-related stigma needs to be addressed through integrated mental health care programs in PMTCT. Postpartum depression requires comprehensive management to improve short- and long-term outcomes of women living with HIV.

scholarly journals Outcomes of retained and disengaged pregnant women living with HIV in Uganda

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251413
Author(s):  
Agnes N. Kiragga ◽  
Ellon Twinomuhwezi ◽  
Grace Banturaki ◽  
Marion Achieng ◽  
Juliet Nampala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Exposed Infant ◽  
Public Clinics ◽  
Living With Hiv

Introduction Loss-to-follow-up among women living with HIV (WLWHIV) may lead to unfavorable outcomes for both mother and exposed infant. This study traced WLWHIV disengaged from care and their infants and compared their outcomes with those retained in care. Methods The study included WLWHIV who initiated ART during pregnancy at six public clinics in Uganda. A woman was defined as disengaged (DW) if she had not attended her 6-week post-partum visit by 10 weeks after her estimated date of delivery. DW were matched with retained women (RW) by age and duration on ART. Nurse counselors traced all selected DW via telephone and community visits to assess vital status, infant HIV sero-status and maternal HIV viral load through blood draws. Results Between July 2017 and July 2018, 734 women (359 DW and 375 RW) were identified for the study. Tracing was attempted on 349 DW and 160 (44.6%) were successfully located and enrolled in the study. They were matched with 162 RW. Among DW, 52 (32.5%) transferred to another health facility. Very few DW, 39.0% were HIV virally suppressed (<1000 copies/ml) compared to RW 89.5%, P<0.001). Among 138 babies born to DW, 4.3% tested positive for HIV compared to 1.4% among babies born to RW (P = 0.163). Conclusion Pregnant and breastfeeding WLWHIV who disengage from care are difficult to find in urban environments. Many have detectable viral loads, leading to the potential for an increased risk of MTCT. Efforts to reduce disengagement from care are critical for the successful elimination of MTCT in resource-limited settings.

scholarly journals Immigrant Women Living with Hiv/Aids: Their Barriers as Experienced by Service Providers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Wangari Karago-Odongo
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Immigration Status ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

A review of statistics on HIV infection in Canada shows that the rates of HIV infection are on the rise among immigrants. Like other newcomers in Canada, immigrants living with or affected by HIV/AIDS seek services from various agencies serving immigrants. The purpose of this study is to identify and highlight barriers experienced by service providers when dealing with immigrants and particularly immigrant women who are living with HIV/AIDS. Some of the barriers they experienced include stigma, denial, fear, and discrimination, as well as socio-cultural and religious beliefs, economic and structural factors like immigration status, racism, marginalization and language.

Assessing quality of life in women living with HIV infection

AIDS Care ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Cowdery ◽  
J. A. Pesa
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv
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