Electromagnetic interference in pacemaker patients

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 2005-2011
Author(s):  
Jan Steffel
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Welding Equipment ◽  
Education Of Patients ◽  
Metal Detectors ◽  
Diagnostics And Therapy ◽  
Wireless Mobile

In spite of the development of specific shielding of electronic devices as well as the current-day preference for bipolar sensing, electromagnetic interference (EMI) may still occur with certain pacemakers in certain settings, which in turn may lead to false inhibition of ventricular stimulation with potentially fatal consequences. The most important sources of clinically relevant EMI include medical diagnostics and therapy (e.g. magnetic resonance imaging, radiofrequency ablation, cardioversion/defibrillation, and electrocautery), the working environment (including high-power lines, combustion/degaussing/welding equipment, and others), as well as sources from daily life (such as wireless mobile phones, metal detectors, household appliances such as induction furnaces, electronic article surveillance devices, and others). To what extent, and whether or not at all, any given source of interference leads to EMI depends on several factors including the duration of interference, the field strength, and the frequency spectrum of the source. In addition, lead properties and device programming are important determinants. Awareness, recognition, and avoidance of EMI sources is of paramount importance, particularly in high-risk pacemaker-dependent individuals. The importance of proper education of patients as well as healthcare providers cannot be overemphasized.

Electromagnetic interference in pacemaker patients

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 2005-2011
Author(s):  
Jan Steffel
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Welding Equipment ◽  
Education Of Patients ◽  
Metal Detectors ◽  
Diagnostics And Therapy

In spite of the development of specific shielding of electronic devices as well as the current-day preference for bipolar sensing, electromagnetic interference (EMI) may still occur with certain pacemakers in certain settings, which in turn may lead to false inhibition of ventricular stimulation with potentially fatal consequences. The most important sources of clinically relevant EMI include medical diagnostics and therapy (e.g. magnetic resonance imaging, radiofrequency ablation, cardioversion/defibrillation, and electrocautery), the working environment (including high-power lines, combustion/degaussing/welding equipment, and others), as well as sources from daily life (such as wireless mobile phones, metal detectors, household appliances such as induction furnaces, electronic article surveillance devices, electric cars, and others). To what extent, and whether or not at all, any given source of interference leads to EMI depends on several factors including the duration of interference, the field strength, and the frequency spectrum of the source. In addition, lead properties and device programming are important determinants. Awareness, recognition, and avoidance of EMI sources are of paramount importance, particularly in high-risk pacemaker-dependent individuals. The importance of proper education of patients as well as healthcare providers cannot be overemphasized.

scholarly journals Reduction in the Electromagnetic Interference Generated by AC Overhead Power Lines on Buried Metallic Pipelines with Screening Conductors

Electricity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-329
Author(s):  
Arturo Popoli ◽  
Leonardo Sandrolini ◽  
Andrea Cristofolini
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Induced Voltage ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Cylindrical Steel ◽  
Overhead Power Lines ◽  
Overhead Power Line

This paper presents a numerical study on the reduction in the voltage and current induced on a 13.5 km buried metallic pipeline by an overhead power line. The mitigation effectiveness of different configurations and cross-section shapes of screening conductors is computed by means of a methodology that combines a 2D Finite Element Analysis with circuital analysis. A 35.72% reduction of the maximum induced voltage is obtained when 4 cylindrical steel screening conductors with 8 mm radius are buried 0.25m below the soil surface, along the pipeline path. The maximum induced pipeline current is reduced by 26.98%. A parametric study is also performed, to assess the influence of the per-unit-length admittance to earth of the screening conductors on the mitigation efficacy. The results show that screening conductors may help in reducing the inductive coupling between overhead power lines and buried metallic pipelines, and that the assumption of perfectly insulated screening conductors leads to an underestimation of the produced mitigation effect.

Microsystems for Wireless Sensor Networks with Biomedical Applications

2012 ◽  
pp. 1255-1292
Author(s):  
J. P. Carmo ◽  
N. S. Dias ◽  
J. H. Correia
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Rf Transceiver ◽  
Rf Transceivers ◽  
Oxide Electrodes ◽  
Wireless Interface ◽  
Wireless Microsystems ◽  
Wireless Eeg ◽  
Diagnostics And Therapy

This chapter introduces the concept of wireless interface, followed by the discussion of the fundamental items, concerning the fabrication of microsystems comprising low-power devices. Using as example, a design of a RF transceiver the frequency of 2.4 GHz and fabricated using a UMC RF CMOS 0.18 µm process, it will be discussed the main issues in the design of RF transceivers for integration in wireless microsystems. Then, it will be presented two biomedical applications for wireless microsystems: the first is a wireless EEG acquisition system, where it is presented the concept of EEG electrode and the characterisation of iridium oxide electrodes. The other application, is a wireless electronic shirt to monitoring the cardio-respiratory function. The main goal of these applications, is to improve the medical diagnostics and therapy by using devices which reduces healthcare costs and facilitates the diagnostic while at the same time preserving the mobility and lifestyle of patients.

Microsystems for Wireless Sensor Networks with Biomedical Applications

2010 ◽  
pp. 27-64
Author(s):  
J. P. Carmo ◽  
N. S. Dias ◽  
J. H. Correia
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Rf Transceiver ◽  
Rf Transceivers ◽  
Oxide Electrodes ◽  
Wireless Interface ◽  
Wireless Microsystems ◽  
Wireless Eeg ◽  
Diagnostics And Therapy

This chapter introduces the concept of wireless interface, followed by the discussion of the fundamental items, concerning the fabrication of microsystems comprising low-power devices. Using as example, a design of a RF transceiver the frequency of 2.4 GHz and fabricated using a UMC RF CMOS 0.18 µm process, it will be discussed the main issues in the design of RF transceivers for integration in wireless microsystems. Then, it will be presented two biomedical applications for wireless microsystems: the first is a wireless EEG acquisition system, where it is presented the concept of EEG electrode and the characterisation of iridium oxide electrodes. The other application, is a wireless electronic shirt to monitoring the cardio-respiratory function. The main goal of these applications, is to improve the medical diagnostics and therapy by using devices which reduces healthcare costs and facilitates the diagnostic while at the same time preserving the mobility and lifestyle of patients.

scholarly journals Comprehensive approach for the treatment of medication-overuse headache

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 843-851
Author(s):  
Hong-Kyun Park ◽  
Soo-Jin Cho
Keyword(s):  
Medication Overuse ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Medication Overuse Headache ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Primary Headache ◽  
Headache Disorder ◽  
Primary Headache Disorder ◽  
Education Of Patients ◽  
Frequent Use

Background: Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is defined by the International Classification of Headache Disorders as a headache in patients with a pre-existing primary headache disorder that occurs on 15 or more days per month for more than 3 months. It is caused by overuse of medication for acute or symptomatic headache treatment. Regular and frequent use of acute or symptomatic medications can worsen headaches and lead to chronic headache or MOH. MOH is a burdensome medical condition that is difficult to treat, and the frequent recurrence of headaches may result in disability in individuals and impair socioeconomic outcomes.Current Concepts: Awareness of MOH and the education of patients, the general population, and healthcare providers are important for the first step of treatment. Scientific research regarding the treatment of MOH has been published in the past few years.Discussion and Conclusion: Physicians should educate and counsel patients to stop or at least reduce the intake of acute or symptomatic medications that can be discontinued abruptly or tapered slowly. During the period after the discontinuation of the overused medications, some withdrawal symptoms including headache might be manageable with bridging therapy. Evidence-based preventive therapies including anticonvulsants (topiramate and divalproex sodium), botulinum toxin A, and medications acting by antagonism of the calcitonin generelated peptide pathway might be helpful in patients with MOH for both avoiding the overused medication and preventing the relapse of overuse. A comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach may improve the outcomes of patients with MOH.

scholarly journals Nurses’ Deployment Risk And Resilience In Times Of War Conflicts: Checking The Status, Reporting The Future

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Minerva Cobus
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Foreign National ◽  
War Zone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Government

To date, year August, 2014, as Benghazi, Libya is in a time of conflict depicting a war zone environment, the researcher conducted a study to capture the moment and experiences of foreign national nurses currently deployed in the country performing their duties as healthcare providers. Despite the raised Alert level 4 warning given by the government, meaning "full evacuation mode" from Libya, most nurses refused to be repatriated and stayed to continue serving in Libya. A selected group of sixty-three (63) nurses of different nationalities, working in three (3) different hospitals at the heart of Benghazi, described their present deployment risk level and resilience. Deployment risk level is measured by the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory (DRRI) utilizing two of its subscales (C and G) - Difficult Living and Working Environment Scale (Deployment Environment) and the Perceived Threat Scale (Deployment Concern). On the other hand, resilience is measured by the Connor-Davidson Scale. Findings revealed lower risk at exposure to events or circumstances representing repeated or day-to-day irritations and pressures related to life, revealed more perceived threat, but highly resilient during deployment at the war zone. Furthermore, no correlation was found between deployment risk (deployment concern) and resilience, negative low correlation between deployment risk (deployment environment) and resilience, and no significant difference in resilience was observed between genders. Checking the nurses’ current status of deployment risk and resilience in Libya, gave light to future implications on nursing profession. 

Balancing Access with Accuracy for Infant HIV Diagnostics in Tanzania (A)

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Kara Palamountain ◽  
Sachin Waikar ◽  
Andrea Hanson ◽  
Katherine Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Paper Test ◽  
Global Health Initiative ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Government ◽  
Hiv Diagnostics ◽  
Roll Out

The Global Health Initiative (GHI) is a tripartite collaboration among Northwestern University, non-profit donors, and commercial diagnostics companies. GHI attempts to bridge the gap between the market for sophisticated medical diagnostics equipment in wealthy nations and the need for point-of-care diagnostics in resource limited settings. In 2006 GHI narrowed its focus to HIV diagnostics for underserved nations. The case examines the accuracy-access tradeoff related to the roll-out of infant HIV diagnostics in Tanzania. Tanzania has a prevalent HIV/AIDS problem, particularly in children. As of 2007, Tanzania had an estimated 140,000 children infected with HIV. Existing lab-based diagnostic equipment was either inaccurate for use in infants or required highly skilled health workers. Tanzania's limited infrastructure also forced healthcare providers to choose between providing advanced care to a minority of the population and offering minimal care to the majority with poor access. A Kellogg MBA student research team performed more than thirty in-country interviews to collect data on stakeholder perceptions of three infant test concepts: the strip test, the squeeze test, and the filter paper test. Across the three tests, access decreased as accuracy increased---rural labs could not find or afford health workers skilled enough to conduct the test. In general, interviewees closely affiliated with the government preferred accuracy over access. In contrast, private health facilities had to follow fewer regulations and preferred access over accuracy. The case focuses on the decisions facing Kara Palamountain, the executive director of GHI, in her roll-out recommendations for infant HIV tests in Tanzania. It examines key factors of working in a developing country, including the need to operate in the absence of sufficient market research, balance the competing agendas of different stakeholders, and mitigate external risks such as major international funding.This case was written to be used as a teaching case for students unfamiliar with how to approach and analyze a typical business school case. Unlike many cases used in specific classroom settings, this case is intended to be broad enough that any single student will not have a significant advantage because of his or her background. Moreover, the case is designed to guide students' thinking in a certain direction, using open-ended and more focused discussion questions provided at the case's end.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document