Neuropathology

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-98
Author(s):  
Johannes Attems ◽  
Kurt A. Jellinger
Keyword(s):  
Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Prion Diseases ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Neurofibrillary Tangle ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Corticobasal Degeneration ◽  
Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Argyrophilic Grain ◽  
Cerebral Amyloid

This chapter describes the main neuropathological features of the most common age-associated neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and dementia with Lewy bodies, as well as other less frequent ones such as multiple system atrophy, Pick’s disease, corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, argyrophilic grain disease, neurofibrillary tangle-dominant dementia, frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology, and Huntington’s disease. Likewise, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, hippocampal sclerosis, vascular dementia, and prion diseases are described. A main aim of this chapter is to assist the reader in interpreting neuropathological reports; hence criteria for the neuropathological classifications of the major diseases are provided. One section covers general considerations on neurodegeneration, and basic pathophysiological mechanisms of tau, amyloid-β‎, α‎-synuclein, TDP-43, and prions are briefly described in the sections on the respective diseases. Finally, one section is dedicated to cerebral multimorbidity, and a view on currently emerging neuropathological methods is given.

Neuropathology

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Attems ◽  
Kurt A. Jellinger
Keyword(s):  
Prion Diseases ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Neurofibrillary Tangle ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Corticobasal Degeneration ◽  
Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Argyrophilic Grain Disease ◽  
Argyrophilic Grain ◽  
Cerebral Amyloid

This chapter describes the main neuropathological features of the most common age associated neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies as well as other less frequent ones such as multiple system atrophy, Pick's disease, corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, argyrophilic grain disease, neurofibrillary tangle dominant dementia, frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology and Huntington's disease. Likewise cerebral amyloid angiopathy, hippocampal sclerosis, vascular dementia and prion diseases are described. A main aim of this chapter is to assist the reader in interpreting neuropathological reports, hence criteria for the neuropathological classifications of the major diseases are provided. One section covers general considerations on neurodegeneration and basic pathophysiological mechanisms of tau, amyloid-β, α-synuclein, TDP-43 and prions are briefly described in the sections on the respective diseases. Finally, one section is dedicated to cerebral multimorbidity and we give a view on currently emerging neuropathological methods.

P2-232: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CEREBRAL AMYLOID ANGIOPATHY AND CSF BIOMARKERS IN DEMENTIA WITH LEWY BODIES

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (7S_Part_14) ◽  
pp. P759-P759
Author(s):  
Kazutomi Kanemaru ◽  
Akiko Kanemaru ◽  
Shigeo Mutayama ◽  
Aya M. Tokumaru
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Cerebral Amyloid

scholarly journals A Simplified Brain Blocking Protocol Optimized for the Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Disease Saves Time and Money While Preserving Anatomic Relationships

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan F. Clement ◽  
John C. DeWitt ◽  
Matthew P. Frosch ◽  
Maria Martinez-Lage ◽  
Wesley R. Samore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Corticobasal Degeneration ◽  
Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Standard Protocol ◽  
Lewy Pathology ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
Cerebral Amyloid

Context.— Postmortem evaluation for neurodegenerative disease is expensive in time and materials. These challenges can be met by implementing simpler sampling protocols while preserving anatomic relations. Objective.— To determine the diagnostic effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a simplified brain blocking protocol compared with the standard blocking protocol used in our Alzheimer disease research center (ADRC). Design.— We prospectively compared the neuropathologic diagnoses established from our standard 19-cassette/19 brain sites ADRC protocol to a simplified 6-cassette/12 brain sites protocol in 52 consecutive cases. The simplified protocol generated 14 slides for comparison to 52 slides from our standard protocol. Results.— Compared with the ADRC protocol the simplified protocol produced Alzheimer Disease Neuropathologic Changes probability scores that were the same in 50 of 52 cases (r = 0.99). Staging for Lewy pathology was equivalent in 45 of 52 (r = 0.98), scoring for cerebral amyloid angiopathy was equivalent in 48 of 52 (r = 0.97), and grading for arteriolosclerosis was the same in 45 of 52 cases (r = 0.92). Progressive supranuclear palsy (n = 4), multiple system atrophy (n = 2), and corticobasal degeneration (n = 1) could be diagnosed by either protocol independently. The estimated savings per case was 72% or $1744.89 ($2436.37 [ADRC] versus $691.48 [simplified]). Conclusions.— The diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease at autopsy can be done accurately with a less expensive, simplified protocol. Our protocol is similar to those of previously published approaches, but it has a simpler organization scheme. This method should be valuable to institutions where autopsy cost considerations may be important.

scholarly journals Risk of caregiver burden in patients with three types of dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-153
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Kawada
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Behavioral Disturbances

Liu et al. (2017) investigated caregiver burden of patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), which was compared with caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease. The authors concluded that the frequency and severity of behavioral disturbances in caregiver of patients with FTD and DLB were higher than those with caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease. I have some concerns about their study.

scholarly journals Neuropathologic burden and the degree of frailty in relation to global cognition and dementia

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (24) ◽  
pp. e3269-e3279
Author(s):  
Lindsay M.K. Wallace ◽  
Olga Theou ◽  
Sultan Darvesh ◽  
David A. Bennett ◽  
Aron S. Buchman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Integrative View ◽  
Global Cognition

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that degree of frailty and neuropathologic burden independently contribute to global cognition and odds of dementia.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of older adults living in Illinois. Participants underwent an annual neuropsychological and clinical evaluation. We included 625 participants (mean age 89.7 ± 6.1 years; 67.5% female) who died and underwent autopsy. We quantified neuropathology using an index measure of 10 neuropathologic features: β-amyloid deposition, hippocampal sclerosis, Lewy bodies, tangle density, TDP-43, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, arteriolosclerosis, atherosclerosis, and gross and chronic cerebral infarcts. Clinical consensus determined dementia status, which we coded as no cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment, or dementia. A battery of 19 tests spanning multiple domains quantified global cognition. We operationalized frailty using a 41-item frailty index. We employed regression analyses to model relationships between neuropathology, frailty, and dementia.ResultsBoth frailty and a neuropathology index were independently associated with global cognition and dementia status. These results held after controlling for traditional pathologic measures in a sample of participants with Alzheimer clinical syndrome. Frailty improved the fit of the model for dementia status (χ2[2] 72.64; p < 0.0001) and explained an additional 11%–12% of the variance in the outcomes.ConclusionDementia is a multiply determined condition, to which both general health, as captured by frailty, and neuropathology significantly contribute. This integrative view of dementia and health has implications for prevention and therapy; specifically, future research should evaluate frailty as a means of dementia risk reduction.

Movement Disorders 2: Parkinson’s Plus and Degenerative Diseases (DRAFT)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Kaplan ◽  
Tracey Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Wilson’S Disease ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Corticobasal Degeneration ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
Multiple Systems Atrophy

The video in this chapter explores movement disorders, and focuses on Parkinson’s Plus and degenerative diseases. It outlines the features and pathology of dementia with lewy bodies (DLB), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), multiple systems atrophy (MSA) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD), as well as genetic movement disorders, Wilson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease.

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