Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 271-278
Author(s):  
Nathan Denton
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Human Female ◽  
Body Shapes

Fat is much more than a physical imperfection, practical inconvenience, or health risk. Instead, it is a fascinating, mysterious, and misunderstood tissue that represents an ancient link between energy metabolism, reproductive biology, immunity, appetite, and even thermoregulation. It also forms the foundation of the curves which define the archetypal human female and male body shapes, which have since enabled the human body to transcend mere physicality and become social, economic, and political barometers. Laden with increasingly complex, nuanced, and even paradoxical meanings, mounting evidence indicates that the amount and distribution of fat not only provide our body with a distinctive shape, but are also a strong determinant of our health. Adipose tissue carries many negative connotations due to the numerous ailments associated with having too much of it, but it is not inherently bad. On the contrary, it has a legacy that clearly indicates it is essential for life.

scholarly journals Redox Regulation of Lipid Mobilization in Adipose Tissues

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1090
Author(s):  
Ursula Abou-Rjeileh ◽  
G. Andres Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Cellular Metabolism ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Redox Signaling ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Lipid Mobilization ◽  
Cellular Processes

Lipid mobilization in adipose tissues, which includes lipogenesis and lipolysis, is a paramount process in regulating systemic energy metabolism. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) are byproducts of cellular metabolism that exert signaling functions in several cellular processes, including lipolysis and lipogenesis. During lipolysis, the adipose tissue generates ROS and RNS and thus requires a robust antioxidant response to maintain tight regulation of redox signaling. This review will discuss the production of ROS and RNS within the adipose tissue, their role in regulating lipolysis and lipogenesis, and the implications of antioxidants on lipid mobilization.

scholarly journals Partial Deficiency of Zfp217 Resists High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Increasing Energy Metabolism in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5390
Author(s):  
Qianhui Zeng ◽  
Nannan Wang ◽  
Yaru Zhang ◽  
Yuxuan Yang ◽  
Shuangshuang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Glycolipid Metabolism ◽  
Partial Deficiency

Obesity-induced adipose tissue dysfunction and disorders of glycolipid metabolism have become a worldwide research priority. Zfp217 plays a crucial role in adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, but about its functions in animal models are not yet clear. To explore the role of Zfp217 in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, global Zfp217 heterozygous knockout (Zfp217+/−) mice were constructed. Zfp217+/− mice and Zfp217+/+ mice fed a normal chow diet (NC) did not differ significantly in weight gain, percent body fat mass, glucose tolerance, or insulin sensitivity. When challenged with HFD, Zfp217+/− mice had less weight gain than Zfp217+/+ mice. Histological observations revealed that Zfp217+/− mice fed a high-fat diet had much smaller white adipocytes in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). Zfp217+/− mice had improved metabolic profiles, including improved glucose tolerance, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and increased energy expenditure compared to the Zfp217+/+ mice under HFD. We found that adipogenesis-related genes were increased and metabolic thermogenesis-related genes were decreased in the iWAT of HFD-fed Zfp217+/+ mice compared to Zfp217+/− mice. In addition, adipogenesis was markedly reduced in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from Zfp217-deleted mice. Together, these data indicate that Zfp217 is a regulator of energy metabolism and it is likely to provide novel insight into treatment for obesity.

scholarly journals HSP60 reduction protects against diet-induced obesity by modulating energy metabolism in adipose tissue

2021 ◽  
pp. 101276
Author(s):  
Robert Hauffe ◽  
Michaela Rath ◽  
Mareike Schell ◽  
Katrin Ritter ◽  
Kai Kappert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

Addiction to medical aesthetic procedures

2018 ◽  
Vol XIV ◽  
pp. 233-249
Author(s):  
Jolanta Kozaczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Aesthetic Medicine ◽  
Utopian Vision ◽  
Frequent Contact ◽  
The Media ◽  
Body Shapes ◽  
Aesthetic Procedures

Today’s media disseminate a narcissistic cultivation of beauty and promote a focus mainly on appearance and satisfaction from its improvement. The human body assumes a form in the media that is often impossible to achieve without surgical intervention. When people are in frequent contact with a utopian vision of the perfect body, this can lead to many disorders in both social functioning and self-perception. In extreme cases, striving to preserve beauty and youth may lead to an addiction to aesthetic medicine treatments. It is an increasingly common phenomenon. People who are addicted to treatments improving their beauty or changing their body shapes are not aware of the problem that affects them. They lose their rational judgement and their assessment is far from the opinions of people around them and socially accepted norms. All signs of concern from others are perceived as an attack on their independence and this further deepens their sense of loneliness and isolation from society. With time, undergoing further beautifying procedures becomes the only way they know to achieve a momentary sense of happiness.

A Study on a Vibratory Model of a Human Body

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Nigam ◽  
M. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Mass System ◽  
Modeling Procedure ◽  
Experimental Values

This paper is concerned with the modeling of the human body as a spring mass system. Based on certain assumptions, an analysis for evaluating the mass and stiffness values of the model is developed. As an illustration of the modeling procedure, a 15-degree-of-freedom model of a male body is considered. The computed natural frequencies of the model are found to be within the range of available experimental values.

scholarly journals BodyNet: Volumetric Inference of 3D Human Body Shapes

2018 ◽  
pp. 20-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gül Varol ◽  
Duygu Ceylan ◽  
Bryan Russell ◽  
Jimei Yang ◽  
Ersin Yumer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Body Shapes

scholarly journals Inside Humans: Creating a Simple Layered Anatomical Model from Human Surface Scans

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Komaritzan ◽  
Stephan Wenninger ◽  
Mario Botsch
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Computer Animation ◽  
Physical Simulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Body Shapes ◽  
Surface Scan ◽  
Morphable Models ◽  
Muscle Models

3D morphable models are widely used to describe the variation of human body shapes. However, these models typically focus on the surface of the human body, since the acquisition of the volumetric interior would require prohibitive medical imaging. In this paper we present a novel approach for creating a volumetric body template and for fitting this template to the surface scan of a person in a just a few seconds. The body model is composed of three surface layers for bones, muscles, and skin, which enclose the volumetric muscle and fat tissue in between them. Our approach includes a data-driven method for estimating the amount of muscle mass and fat mass from a surface scan, which provides more accurate fits to the variety of human body shapes compared to previous approaches. We also show how to efficiently embed fine-scale anatomical details, such as high resolution skeleton and muscle models, into the layered fit of a person. Our model can be used for physical simulation, statistical analysis, and anatomical visualization in computer animation and medical applications, which we demonstrate on several examples.

Gender Recognition Using 3-D Human Body Shapes

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 898-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinshan Tang ◽  
Xiaoming Liu ◽  
Huaining Cheng ◽  
Kathleen M. Robinette
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Gender Recognition ◽  
Body Shapes
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