Computed tomography

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Teoh ◽  
Michael Weston
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Renal Colic ◽  
Intravenous Urography ◽  
Ct Urography ◽  
Renal Masses ◽  
Unenhanced Ct ◽  
System P ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Clear Delineation

Over the last two decades, the exponential use of CT in the assessment of the urological patient has been fuelled by the advent of multidetector thin slice CT and supersession of intravenous urography by CT urography. The latter may be considered as a one-stop imaging investigation for haematuria, with increased detection of urinary tract cancers and urolithiasis alike. Multi-planar reformats are made possible with the use of thin slices, allowing clear delineation of other pathologies such as urinary tract injury, and can aid PCNL planning. Outside of this spectrum, unenhanced CT of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder has established its role in assessment of the patient with symptoms of renal colic, with the scope to detect pathology outside of the urinary tract. Renal CT has been developed for the characterization of renal masses, accompanied by the now well-established Bosniak renal cyst classification system.

Computed tomography

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Teoh ◽  
Michael J. Weston
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Intravenous Urography ◽  
Ct Urography ◽  
Renal Masses ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Unenhanced Ct ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Medium ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Multiplanar Reformats

Computed tomography (CT) has increased in use exponentially for the assessment of patients with renal tract pathology. This has been promoted by the availability of multidetector thin-slice CT so that intravenous urography has been superseded by CT urography. The latter may be considered as a ‘one-stop’ imaging investigation for haematuria, with increased detection of both urinary tract cancers and urolithiasis. Multiplanar reformats are made possible with the use of thin slices, allowing clear delineation of other pathologies such as urinary tract injury. In the transplant recipient, protocols have been developed for the assessment of more immediate complications such as thrombotic and stenotic disease. During follow-up, CT continues to inform the management of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder and other immunosuppressant-related complications. Unenhanced CT of the urinary tract has established its role in assessment of patients with renal colic, with the ability to detect pathology outside of the urinary tract. Renal CT has been developed for the characterization of renal masses, accompanied by the now well-established Bosniak renal cyst classification system. As the usefulness of CT increases, clear awareness of safety issues has to be maintained. These include the administration of intravenous iodinated contrast medium in higher-risk patient groups, particularly those with renal impairment. The radiation burden that comes with CT poses an added risk to the patient that should not be ignored. This necessitates clear referral guidelines for its use, which should be applied in careful balance with the global assessment of the patient.

scholarly journals Kidney and Urinary Tract Imaging: Triple-Bolus Multidetector CT Urography as a One-Stop Shop—Protocol Design, Opacification, and Image Quality Analysis

Radiology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 255 (2) ◽  
pp. 508-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maka Kekelidze ◽  
Roy S. Dwarkasing ◽  
Marcel L. Dijkshoorn ◽  
Karolina Sikorska ◽  
Paul C. M. S. Verhagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Multidetector Ct ◽  
Protocol Design ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Ct Urography ◽  
Image Quality Analysis ◽  
One Stop

scholarly journals Diagnosing urinary tract abnormalities: intravenous urography or CT urography?

2014 ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abou-El-Ghar ◽  
Huda Refaie ◽  
Doaa Sharaf ◽  
Tarek El-Diasty
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Intravenous Urography ◽  
Ct Urography ◽  
Urinary Tract Abnormalities

scholarly journals Experiences of using a single post-contrast CT scan of the urinary tract after triphasic contrast injection

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Phillip Carl Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Multidetector Ct ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Ct Urography ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
Adequate Image Quality ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Contrast Ct

I was alerted to an article in Radiology Vol. 255 No. 2 (May 2010)1 by a colleague. The article, entitled ‘Kidney and urinary tract imaging: Triple-bolus multidetector CT urography as a one-stop shop – Protocol design, opacification, and image quality analysis’, clearly describes the technique, while the quotation below, from the article, summarises the findings: ‘We have shown that triple-bolus multidetector CT urography allowed visualization of renal parenchymal, excretory, and vascular contrast-enhancement phases in a single dose-efficient acquisition and provided sufficient opacification of the UUT, with simultaneous and adequate image quality of renal parenchyma and vascular anatomy.’ The main emphasis on this technique is to reduce the number of unnecessary CT scans when assessing the urinary tract. Our previous protocol for scanning the urinary tract for pathology included four phases: a pre-contrast, corticomedullary, nephrographic and delay excretory phase.

Multi-detector CT urography: a one-stop renal and urinary tract imaging modality

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Dillman ◽  
Elaine M. Caoili ◽  
Richard H. Cohan
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Ct Urography ◽  
One Stop

scholarly journals Ureteral Dilatation with No Apparent Cause on Intravenous Urography: Normal or Abnormal? A Pilot Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinita Rathi ◽  
Sachin Agrawal ◽  
Shuchi Bhatt ◽  
Naveen Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Intravenous Urography ◽  
Vascular Compression ◽  
Ct Urography ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Ureteral Dilatation ◽  
Clinically Significant

A pilot study was done in 18 adults to assess the significance of ureteral dilatation having no apparent cause seen on Intravenous Urography (IVU). A clinicoradiological evaluation was undertaken to evaluate the cause of ureteral dilatation, including laboratory investigations and sonography of the genitourinary tract. This was followed, if required, by CT Urography (using a modified technique). In 9 out of 18 cases, the cause of ureteral dilatation on laboratory investigations was urinary tract infection (6) and tuberculosis (3). In the remaining 9 cases, CTU identified the cause as extrinsic compression by a vessel (3), extrinsic vascular compression of the ureter along with ureteritis (2), extrinsic vascular impression on the right ureter and ureteritis in the left ureter (1), ureteral stricture (2), and ureteral calculus (1). Extrinsic vascular compression and strictures did not appear to be clinically significant in our study. Hence, ureteral dilatation without any apparent cause on intravenous urogram was found to be clinically significant in 12 out of 18 (66.6%) cases. We conclude that ureteral dilatation with no apparent cause on IVU may indicate urinary tract tuberculosis, urinary tract infection (E. coli), or a missed calculus. Thus, cases with a dilated ureter on IVU, having no obvious cause, should undergo a detailed clinicoradiological evaluation and CTU should be used judiciously.

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