Letter from China: The Use of Twelve-Tone Technique in Chinese Musical Composition

1990 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-488
Author(s):  
ZHENG YING-LIE
Author(s):  
James A. Fill ◽  
Alan J. Izenman

AbstractThis paper organizes in a systematic manner the major features of a general theory of m-tone rows. A special case of this development is the twelve-tone row system of musical composition as introduced by Arnold Schoenberg and his Viennese school. The theory as outlined here applies to tone rows of arbitrary length, and can be applied to microtonal composition for electronic media.


Author(s):  
Arnold Whittall

Serialism or the twelve-tone technique is a way of composing music that involves replacing major and minor scales with a fixed ordering of the pitches in the chromatic scale. This generates a structure that, in principle, remains in place throughout the composition in question. Prior to the modernist age, the idea that a musical composition should establish a fixed order of pitches, intervals, rhythmic values, and dynamic values would have seemed intolerably restrictive and mechanical. The additional requirement that a composition must maintain specific serial ordering throughout, either through literal repetition or by using any of the possible transpositions of the chosen series (thereby changing the pitch sequence while retaining the interval sequence) would have reinforced such negative conclusions and connotations. In earlier music, such fixed ordering applied only when motifs or themes were stated and literally repeated. Earlier music generally featured an interest more in the transformation and development of multiple, contrasting themes than in the reiteration of a single musical idea. Music preceding modernism made use of a major/minor key system based on a ‘‘common practice’’ of harmonic identities and functions. While distinct from a composition’s thematic material, this gave composers a comprehensive set of musical procedures from which to create coherent thematic processes.


2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Bemman ◽  
David Meredith

Milton Babbitt is noted for composing twelve-tone and serial music that is both complex and highly constrained. He has written extensively on a variety of topics in music and his writings have had a profound and lasting impact on musical composition. In this article, we first review in detail his compositional process and the techniques he developed, focusing in particular on the all-partition array, time-point system, and equal-note-value strings used in his later works. Next, we describe our proposed procedure for automating his compositional process using these techniques. We conclude by using our procedure to automatically generate an entirely new musical work that we argue is in the style of Babbitt.


2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEVERINE NEFF

AbstractThis essay addresses the unlikely but profound synergy between Arnold Schoenberg and Lou Harrison. Despite their personal rapport and mutual interests in visual art, they held antithetical beliefs about the nature of musical composition. Schoenberg maintained that a composition was the presentation of a metaphysical “Idea.” Harrison saw composition as the process of systematically gathering and assembling resources and techniques.After studying with Henry Cowell and Schoenberg, Harrison displayed a fascination with musical resources that led him to compose twelve-tone works using disparate compositional tools. A 1937 piano piece combines Schoenberg's methods of variation with Cowell's and Seeger's techniques of “dissonation.” The “Conductus” from the 1942 Suite for Piano, a work inspired by Schoenberg's Suite für Klavier, op. 25, explores all twelve prime forms of the row in light of Cage's square-root form. A nontonal 1944 string quartet ends on a triad like Schoenberg's Ode to Napoleon, op. 41.In the 1950s Harrison rejected the aims of the total-serialist movement and found his own voice in just intonation instead. By the 1980s all vestiges of twelve-tone technique disappeared from his pieces; however, analogous serial techniques resurfaced in his paintings. Thus Harrison retained deep respect for Schoenberg as a composer, teacher, and friend.


ICONI ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 100-111
Author(s):  
Anton А. Rovner ◽  

My composition Finland is a vocal symphony for soprano, tenor and large orchestra set to the text of the early 19th century Russian Romantic poet Evgeny Baratynsky. The main idea behind this composition involves the combination of two contrasting approaches to musical composition: composing an abstract, independent musical work built on purely musical laws of structure and development and, on the other hand, writing a dramatic, programmatic work, the aim of which is to express emotions, to interpret and depict the subject matter of the literary text. The musical composition consists of six movements, following the poem’s six unequallength stanzas. Each movement is divided into a purely orchestral section and a vocalorchestral section, the latter featuring alternately the solo soprano and tenor. The work is written in the twelve-tone technique and involves references to a late Romantic musical language, emphasis on new textures and sonorities for the orchestra, occasional implications of tonality, and incorporation of serial rhythm in several of the work’s sections. The article gives a short account of Baratynsky’s biography and poetic writings and then proceeds to analyze the composition Finland in terms of both the large-scale structure and the details within the individual movements.


Author(s):  
Tim Rutherford-Johnson

By the start of the 21st century many of the foundations of postwar culture had disappeared: Europe had been rebuilt and, as the EU, had become one of the world’s largest economies; the United States’ claim to global dominance was threatened; and the postwar social democratic consensus was being replaced by market-led neoliberalism. Most importantly of all, the Cold War was over, and the World Wide Web had been born. Music After The Fall considers contemporary musical composition against this changed backdrop, placing it in the context of globalization, digitization, and new media. Drawing on theories from the other arts, in particular art and architecture, it expands the definition of Western art music to include forms of composition, experimental music, sound art, and crossover work from across the spectrum, inside and beyond the concert hall. Each chapter considers a wide range of composers, performers, works, and institutions are considered critically to build up a broad and rich picture of the new music ecosystem, from North American string quartets to Lebanese improvisers, from South American electroacoustic studios to pianos in the Australian outback. A new approach to the study of contemporary music is developed that relies less on taxonomies of style and technique, and more on the comparison of different responses to common themes, among them permission, fluidity, excess, and loss.


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