Music Therapy and Disorders of Consciousness: Providing Clinical Data for Differential Diagnosis between Vegetative State and Minimally Conscious State from Music-Centered Music Therapy and Neuroscience Perspectives

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Lichtensztejn ◽  
Paula Macchi ◽  
Alicia Lischinsky
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Minimally Conscious State ◽  
Conscious State ◽  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
Minimally Conscious

scholarly journals Covert Cognition in Disorders of Consciousness: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 930
Author(s):  
Caroline Schnakers ◽  
Michaela Hirsch ◽  
Enrique Noé ◽  
Roberto Llorens ◽  
Nicolas Lejeune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Minimally Conscious State ◽  
Conscious State ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
Minimally Conscious ◽  
Increase Sample Size

Covert cognition in patients with disorders of consciousness represents a real diagnostic conundrum for clinicians. In this meta-analysis, our main objective was to identify clinical and demographic variables that are more likely to be associated with responding to an active paradigm. Among 2018 citations found on PubMed, 60 observational studies were found relevant. Based on the QUADAS-2, 49 studies were considered. Data from 25 publications were extracted and included in the meta-analysis. Most of these studies used electrophysiology as well as counting tasks or mental imagery. According to our statistical analysis, patients clinically diagnosed as being in a vegetative state and in a minimally conscious state minus (MCS−) show similar likelihood in responding to active paradigm and responders are most likely suffering from a traumatic brain injury. In the future, multi-centric studies should be performed in order to increase sample size, with similar methodologies and include structural and functional neuroimaging in order to identify cerebral markers related to such a challenging diagnosis.

All things considered: Surrogate decision-making on behalf of patients in the minimally conscious state

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
L Syd M Johnson ◽  
Kathy L Cerminara
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Decision Making ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Minimally Conscious State ◽  
Conscious State ◽  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Surrogate Decision Making ◽  
Surrogate Decision ◽  
Minimally Conscious

The minimally conscious state presents unique ethical, legal, and decision-making challenges because of the combination of diminished awareness, phenomenal experience, and diminished or absent communication. As medical expertise develops and technology advances, it is likely that more and more patients with disorders of consciousness will be recognized as being in the minimally conscious state, with minimal to no ability to participate in medical decision-making. Here we provide guidance useful for surrogates and medical professionals at any medical decision point, not merely for end-of-life decision-making. We first consider the legal landscape: precedent abounds regarding unconscious patients in coma or the vegetative state/Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (VS/UWS), but there is little legal precedent involving patients in the minimally conscious state. Next we consider surrogates’ ethical authority to make medical decisions on behalf of patients with disorders of consciousness. In everyday medical decision-making, surrogates generally encounter few, if any, restrictions so long as they adhere to an idealized hierarchy of decision-making standards designed to honor patient autonomy as much as possible while ceding to the reality of what may or may not be known about a patient’s wishes. We conclude by proposing an ethically informed, practical guide for surrogate decision-making on behalf of patients in the minimally conscious state.

Role of the music therapy in neurorehabilitation of patients with disorders of consciousness – looking for rules of evidence based practice

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
T. Komendziński ◽  
E. Mikołajewska ◽  
D. Mikołajewski ◽  
J. Dreszer ◽  
B. Bałaj
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Minimally Conscious State ◽  
Conscious State ◽  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
High Level ◽  
Minimally Conscious

Neurological early and long-term rehabilitation plays a crucial role in the therapy of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) such as unresponsive wakefulness syndrome or minimally conscious state. Neuroscience tries to explain the effect of music therapy on all levels of the nervous system = activity in patients with DOC, but full understanding is still incomplete. This paper attempts to answer how current clinical outcomes may reflect the influence of various factors including music's capacity. Based on their interdisciplinary perspective and previous experiences, the authors try to investigate the extent to which current occupations have been explored. The authors analyzed the literature data concerning the results of the studies published until the first half of 2016, to sum up the current state of research. Research in the main databases: PubMed, PEDro, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition was made using specified keywords and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Next, the authors sorted them all out into a coherent view of the current state. Music listening may constitute a part of an enriched environment setting. However, due to weak evidence, the therapeutic value of music-based interventions in patients with DOC is uneven or limited. The role of music therapy is thus complementary. Standardized clinical settings, protocols, and behavioral measures should be developed to increase its clinical validity, reliability, sensitivity, and objectivity. There is a reasonable hypothesis that music may produce a high level of diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes as stimuli usually reflecting strong personal meaning in patients with DOC.

scholarly journals Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Daeyoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative State ◽  
Minimally Conscious State ◽  
Conscious State ◽  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Impaired Consciousness ◽  
Transitional State ◽  
Impaired Awareness ◽  
Minimally Conscious ◽  
Recovery Of Consciousness

Prolonged disorders of consciousness comprise a spectrum of impaired consciousness where arousal is preserved with impaired awareness, which last more than 4 weeks. Vegetative state is a prototype of the prolonged disorders of consciousness. A patient in the vegetative state has no signs of awareness. The minimally conscious state is characterized by inconsistent but reproducible signs of awareness and is regarded as a transitional state of recovery of consciousness. Differentiating patients in minimally conscious state from those in vegetative state is still challenging. Utilizing standardized neurobehavioral assessment tools could improve diagnostic accuracy. Recent advances in neuroimaging and electrophysiologic tools may aid the diagnosis and prognostication. Treatment for recovery of consciousness is still limited. More research on the diagnosis and treatment of prolonged disorders of consciousness is needed not only for improved care of patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness but also a greater understanding of human consciousness.

scholarly journals Zolpidem Action During Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness (Case Report)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 44-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Kondratyeva ◽  
M. V. Sinkin ◽  
E. V. Sharova ◽  
S. Laureys ◽  
A. N. Kondratyev
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative State ◽  
Minimally Conscious State ◽  
Conscious State ◽  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
Eeg Monitoring ◽  
Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome ◽  
Favorable Prognosis ◽  
Eeg Activation ◽  
Minimally Conscious ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

The paper describes two patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (PDC) because of non-traumatic brain injury, in whom a clear neurodynamic response to Zolpidem was observed.In order to illustrate systemic cerebral responses to administration of this drug in LIC patients, an analysis of clinical and electrophysiological changes has been undertaken.It has been shown that the result of Zolpidem applications in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (PDC) should be assessed not only by consciousness dynamics, but with the help of electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring, too. Distinct response to Zolpidem during different periods of recovery in one patients was found.Zolpidem can render various effects in patients in vegetative state/with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (VS/UWS) and in minimally conscious state (MCS). In one patient, sedation with EEG activation was observed, which was a sign of favorable prognosis. The other patient developed more than once local convulsions after Zolpidem administration followed by contact augmentation on the next day.The mechanism of action, necessary doses of drugs, and markers of forecasting the successful effect of that drug are yet to be further studied.

scholarly journals Judicial oversight of life-ending withdrawal of assisted nutrition and hydration in disorders of consciousness in the United Kingdom: A matter of life and death

2017 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Y Rady ◽  
Joseph L. Verheijde
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative State ◽  
Minimally Conscious State ◽  
Conscious State ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Decision Making Capacity ◽  
Nutrition And Hydration ◽  
Minimally Conscious

Mr Justice Baker delivered the Oxford Shrieval Lecture ‘A Matter of Life and Death’ on 11 October 2016. The lecture created public controversies about who can authorise withdrawal of assisted nutrition and hydration (ANH) in disorders of consciousness (DOC). The law requires court permission in ‘best interests’ decisions before ANH withdrawal only in permanent vegetative state and minimally conscious state. Some clinicians favour abandoning the need for court approval on the basis that clinicians are already empowered to withdraw ANH in other common conditions of DOC (e.g. coma, neurological disorders, etc.) based on their best interests assessment without court oversight. We set out a rationale in support of court oversight of best interests decisions in ANH withdrawal intended to end life in any person with DOC (who will lack relevant decision-making capacity). This ensures the safety of the general public and the protection of vulnerable disabled persons in society.

Information processing in severe disorders of consciousness: Vegetative state and minimally conscious state

2005 ◽  
Vol 116 (10) ◽  
pp. 2441-2453 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kotchoubey ◽  
S. Lang ◽  
G. Mezger ◽  
D. Schmalohr ◽  
M. Schneck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Minimally Conscious State ◽  
Conscious State ◽  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
Minimally Conscious

Is Period3 Genotype Associated With Sleep and Recovery in Patients With Disorders of Consciousness?

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Bedini ◽  
Anna Bersano ◽  
Davide Rossi Sebastiano ◽  
Davide Sattin ◽  
Francesca Ciaraffa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Minimally Conscious State ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Conscious State ◽  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
Sleep Quantity ◽  
Minimally Conscious ◽  
Post Hoc

Background. Sleep evaluation is increasingly being used as prognostic tool in patients with disorders of consciousness, but, surprisingly, the role of Period3 (Per3) gene polymorphism has never been evaluated. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of Per3 genotype on sleep quantity and consciousness recovery level in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). Methods. In this observational study, we evaluated 71 patients with DOC classified as vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome or minimally conscious state. Demographic and clinical data were collected and a standardised diagnostic workup, including a polysomnographic record, was applied. After informed consent provided by proxy, genomic DNA was obtained and Per3 polymorphism was analysed by polymerase chain reaction to identify 5/5, 4/5, or 4/4 genotype. Results. Per35/5genotype was found in 12.7% of our DOC patients. The median total Coma Recovery Scale–revised score in Per35/5carriers was significantly higher than 4/4 genotype (10, range 5-16 vs 7, range 4-11; post hoc P = .036). Moreover, total sleep time seemed to be higher in 5/5 genotype ( 5/5, 221 minutes, range 88-515 minutes; 4/4, 151.5 minutes, range 36-477 minutes; and 4/5, 188 minutes, range 44-422 minutes). Conclusion. For the first time we have shown a possible association between Per3 polymorphism and consciousness recovery level in DOC patients. Even though the exact molecular mechanism has not been defined, we speculate that its effect is mediated by higher total sleep time and slow wave sleep, which would improve the preservation of main cerebral connections.

scholarly journals Disorders of Consciousness: Is a Dichotomous Legal Approach Justified?

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-260
Author(s):  
Richard W.M. Law ◽  
Kartina A. Choong
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative State ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Minimally Conscious State ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Conscious State ◽  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Disorder Of Consciousness ◽  
Minimally Conscious ◽  
Made In

Abstract Advances made in medical care mean that many critically ill patients with an acquired brain injury may survive with a disorder of consciousness. This may be in the form of a vegetative state (VS) or a minimally conscious state (MCS). Medically, there is a growing tendency to view these conditions as occupying the same clinical spectrum rather than be considered as discrete entities. In other words, their difference is now understood as one of degree rather than kind. However, is English law keeping pace with this development in medical knowledge? This article seeks to highlight the duality that exists in the legal decision-making process in England and Wales, and question the justifiability and sustainability of this dichotomous approach in the light of medicine’s current understanding on disorders of consciousness.

scholarly journals Lo stato neurologico post-coma: le basi neurofisiopatologiche delle scelte etiche

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Gandolfini
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Persistent Vegetative State ◽  
Minimally Conscious State ◽  
Conscious State ◽  
Minimally Conscious

L’articolo affronta il tema dello stato vegetativo persistente (SVP) e dello stato di minima coscienza (SMC), esponendone le basi neurofisiopatologiche, correlandole ai più recenti tentativi terapeutici. Si sottolinea, in particolare, l’importanza di una corretta diagnosi differenziale fra i due stati post-coma, considerata l’importanza del fattore tempo per un corretto giudizio prognostico. Infine si affronta il tema della distinzione fra “terapia” e “cura”, con le importanti conseguenze etiche. ---------- The article deals with the persistent vegetative state (SVP) and the minimally conscious state (SMC), explaining their neurophysiopathologic bases and correlating them to the most recent therapeutic attempts. In particular, the importance of a correct differential diagnosis between the two post-coma states is underlined, considering the importance of time as a factor for a correct prognosis. Finally, the the article focuses on the distinction between “therapy” and “care”, with the important ethical consequences.

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