P1684MULTI-NATIONAL SURVEY AMONG NEPHROLOGISTS AND TRANSPLANT SURGEONS ABOUT THE SUITABILITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF MARGINAL LIVE KIDNEY DONORS WITH HEAVY SMOKING OR INTERMITTENT DRUG ABUSE

Abstract Background and Aims Potential kidney donors who actively smoke heavily or had intermittent illegal drug use (IIDU) are mostly excluded from donating a kidney. Tobacco use in kidney donor has been linked to worse outcomes for donors and while less evidence exists for IIDU as they mostly excluded from donation. We conducted a short survey about the suitability of these marginal living kidney donors. The purpose of this survey is to form a consensus on live kidney donor with using smoking or illegal drugs. Method This is a cross-sectional survey of nephrologists and transplant surgeons about suitability and acceptance of marginal live kidney donors. We asked physicians about accepting kidney donors who are actively smoking or using illegal drugs. The survey was mainly distributed through AST and ERA-EDTA. The role of these organization is limited to facilitate the distribution of the survey as an external study. We excluded in-training nephrologists or transplant surgeons. Results One hundred twenty-two physicians from 22 countries (80% nephrologists and 20% transplant surgeons (TS)) participated in the survey. Most physicians were experienced in pre-transplant evaluation (72% over 6 years’ experience and 68.5% of responders perform donors’ evaluation on weekly or monthly bases). Interestingly, most physicians would allow donation in active smoker with advice to quit later (56.2%) (62% of nephrologists versus only 29% of TS (p=0.002). TS would decline active smoker patients than nephrologists (42% versus 25%, p=0.09). Less physicians considered donors with IDU (after psychiatric counselling) than active smoking (30% versus 56.2%, p=0.00003). There was no difference in acceptance rate for donors with IIDU between TS and nephrologists (33.3% versus 29% respectively, p=NS) or in declining these donors (37.5% versus 45.3%, p=0.4). TS would accept more active smokers to donate if no alternative donor available than nephrologists (29.2% vs. 12.3%, p=0.04) but not IDU (29.2% vs. 25.8%, p=ns). Conclusion Active heavy smoking and intermittent illegal drug use are not viewed as solo contraindications for kidney donation by most physicians. Nephrologists and TS did not differ in attitude regarding donors with IIDU. Nephrologist seems more confident to accept donors who are actively smoking with advice to quit afterward while TS would accept them more if no alternative donor available or would decline them completely.

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Interventions by Students in Friends' Alcohol, Tobacco, and Drug Use

Journal of Drug Education ◽

10.2190/d8vx-mnd9-rua6-5hln ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 213-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Reginald G. Smart ◽

Gina Stoduto

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

Illegal Drug ◽

Illegal Drugs ◽

Drug Education ◽

Illegal Drug Use ◽

At Home

This article investigates self-reported interventions by students in the alcohol, tobacco, illicit drug use, and drinking-driving of their friends. The data came from a study of 1184 students in Ontario schools in grades 7, 9, 11, and 13. We found that about a third of students intervened in friends' illegal drug use and drinking-driving but about half intervened about smoking. Students who intervened were more likely to be older and spend fewer nights at home. They were less likely to use cannabis, but had more friends using cannabis and illegal drugs. Also, they had more exposure to drug education and were more disapproving of drug use. Drug education may give students the knowledge and confidence to intervene in friends' drug use.

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Building New Approaches to Risk Reduction With Social Networks and People Who Smoke Illegal Drugs From Participatory Community-Based Research

International Journal of Qualitative Methods ◽

10.1177/1609406918771247 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 160940691877124 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ehsan Jozaghi ◽

Jane A. Buxton ◽

Erica Thomson ◽

Samona Marsh ◽

Delilah Gregg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Networks ◽

British Columbia ◽

Social Network ◽

Drug Use ◽

Illegal Drug ◽

Illegal Drugs ◽

Community Based ◽

Community Based Research ◽

Illegal Drug Use ◽

Network Research

Background: Global cases of overdose-related deaths attributed to synthetic opioids are reaching epidemic proportion in many jurisdictions. While the main focus of health agencies and the different levels of government has been to combat the cases linked to injection drug use, the deaths attributed to smoking illegal drugs have not gained the same attention. Moreover, little attention has been given to the role of people with past or current experiences of illegal drug use and how their social networks can mitigate the risk of a highly stigmatized behavior such as smoking illegal drugs. Methods: The study concerns the first social network research conducted via a community-based participatory action methodology in two distinct urban (Vancouver) and rural (Abbotsford) centers in British Columbia, Canada. The study will identify the influence of social networks on people who smoke illegal drugs (PWSID) and their adherence to interventions aimed at reducing harm. Through community consultations, members of the Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users and the British Columbia/Yukon Association of Drug War Survivors not only assisted with the design of this research project but also assisted with the data collection, management, protection and entry of demographic, and network information. Discussion: Many traditional qualitative and quantitative methods have not effectively engaged people who use drugs as researchers or collaborators due to stigma related to illegal drug use. The aim of this study is to recognize that everyone within the network of PWSID is a few steps away from harm. Therefore, we aim to reduce the harm associated with smoking of illegal drugs, especially for PWSID that are at the highest risk. At the same time, we hope that the social network research via a participatory community-based approach will mobilize PWSID in the process and offer a different method of knowledge construction from the traditional positivist approaches.

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Practice Patterns for the Acceptance of Medically Complex Living Kidney Donors with Hematuria, Sickle Cell Trait, Smoking, Illegal Drug Use, or Urological Issues: A Multinational Survey

Avicenna Journal of Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1736542 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ziad Arabi ◽

Abdullah Hamad ◽

Muhammad Bukhari ◽

Abdulrahman Altheaby ◽

Saleh Kaysi

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Kidney Stones ◽

Practice Patterns ◽

Sickle Cell Trait ◽

Renal Cysts ◽

Illegal Drug ◽

Microscopic Hematuria ◽

Kidney Donors ◽

Illegal Drug Use

Abstract Background To review the practice patterns for the acceptance of medically complex living kidney donors (MCLKD) among the transplant providers of the international transplant community. Methods We distributed a survey globally, through major international transplantation societies, among nephrologists and transplant surgeons (TS). The survey contained questions regarding potential donors with microscopic hematuria, sickle cell trait, renal cysts, kidney stones, smoking, or illegal drug use. Results There were 239 respondents from 29 countries, including nephrologists (42%) and TS (58%). Although most respondents would investigate microscopic hematuria, one-third of them indicated they would decline these potential donors without investigation. Interestingly, most respondents accepted heavy smokers, intermittent illegal drug users (with advice to quit), and those with incidentally identified kidney stones, remote history of renal colic or simple renal cysts. We found multiple areas of consensus in practice with some interesting differences between nephrologists and TS. Conclusions This survey highlights the practice patterns of the acceptance of MCLKDs among the international community. In the absence of clear guidelines, this survey provides additional information to counsel kidney donors with microscopic hematuria, sickle cell trait, renal cysts, kidney stones, heavy smoking, or illegal drug use.

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Nonmedical prescription opioid use and illegal drug use: initiation trajectory and related risks among people who use illegal drugs in Vancouver, Canada

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-018-3152-9 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tessa Cheng ◽

Will Small ◽

Ekaterina Nosova ◽

Bob Hogg ◽

Kanna Hayashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Illegal Drug ◽

Prescription Opioid ◽

Illegal Drugs ◽

Opioid Use ◽

Illegal Drug Use ◽

Prescription Opioid Use ◽

Drug Use Initiation

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Dangers and pleasures: Drug attitudes and experiences among young people

Acta Sociologica ◽

10.1177/0001699311422018 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 333-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Margaretha Järvinen ◽

Jeanette Østergaard

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Focus Group ◽

Risk Perceptions ◽

Social Space ◽

Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽

Illegal Drug ◽

Illegal Drugs ◽

Focus Group Interviews ◽

Illegal Drug Use ◽

Group Interviews

This is a study of young people’s conceptions of illegal drug use as dangerous and/or pleasurable and an analysis of the relationship between attitudes to drugs, drinking, friends’ reported drug use and own experience with drug use and drinking. The article applies a mixed methods approach using both survey data and focus group interviews. The main statistical method is Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), which constructs a social space of young people’s attitudes to drugs and drug experiences relationally. We identify four interrelated positions on illegal drug use among 17 to 19-year-old Danes: the anti-drug position, usually held by youths who do not use illegal drugs and do not have drug-using friends; the ambivalent position, occupied by non-users who report that they have drug-using friends; the transitory position, held by cannabis users, some of whom express positive attitudes to ‘hard’ illegal drugs; and, finally, the pro-drug position, characteristic of drug users with low risk perceptions and high pleasure-orientation. We use the focus group interviews to demonstrate how youths occupying these differing positions argue for and against drugs and which risks and pleasures they associate with drug use.

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Illegal Drug Use and Risk of Hearing Loss in the United States: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182211945 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (22) ◽

pp. 11945

Author(s):

Po-Ting Lin ◽

I-Hsun Li ◽

Hui-Wen Yang ◽

Kuan-Wei Chiang ◽

Chih-Hung Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Drug Use ◽

High Frequency ◽

Drug Users ◽

Illegal Drug ◽

Illegal Drugs ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

High Frequency Hearing Loss ◽

Illegal Drug Use ◽

Health And Nutrition

The use of illegal drugs may be a risk factor of hearing loss. However, very few studies with large sample size have investigated the relationship between illegal drug use and hearing loss. Therefore, to evaluate the association between illegal drug use and hearing loss, this cross-sectional population-based study collected data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011. The study included 1772 participants aged 20 to 59 years who underwent the Drug Use Questionnaire and Audiometry Examination. Of the 1772 participants in this study, 865 were men (48.8%) and 497 were illegal drug users. The mean (SD) age of the patients was 40.0 (11.4) years. After considering age, sex, and comorbidities, the participants who used illegal drugs were found to have higher risks of high-frequency hearing loss (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.35–2.10) and overall hearing loss (adjusted OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.36–2.12) as compared with the nonusers. In the second analysis, the participants who used ≥ 2 types of illegal drugs were associated with higher risks of high-frequency hearing loss (adjusted OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.06–2.32) and overall hearing loss (adjusted OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.08–2.37). In the third analysis, cocaine use was associated with increased risks of high-frequency hearing loss (adjusted OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.01–1.77) and overall hearing loss (adjusted OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.04–1.82). The adjusted OR for overall hearing loss in the methamphetamine users was 1.54 (95% CI, 1.05–2.27) as compared with that in the nonusers. This study shows that illegal drug users might have a higher risk of overall hearing loss than nonusers. In addition, the analysis results demonstrated that the more kinds of illegal drugs used, the higher the risk of hearing loss. Further experimental and longitudinal research studies are required to confirm the causal relationship between illegal drug use and hearing loss.

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The effectiveness of a theory-based drama intervention in preventing illegal drug use among students aged 14–15 years in Taiwan

Health Education Journal ◽

10.1177/0017896918768647 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 470-481 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Su-Fei Huang ◽

Wan-Ling Zheng ◽

Jung-Yu Liao ◽

Chiu-Mieh Huang ◽

Tsung-Yi Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Comparison Group ◽

Estimating Equation ◽

Illegal Drug ◽

Drug Prevention ◽

Illegal Drugs ◽

Intervention Programme ◽

Illegal Drug Use ◽

Drama Intervention ◽

Experimental Group

Objective: Age of initiation of drug use is closely associated with the risk of developing drug dependence or abuse. Effective programmes are needed to prevent adolescents from using drugs at an early age. The aim of this intervention programme was to prevent adolescents from using illegal drugs by using drama in education (DIE) to convey a universal prevention strategy. Method: We recruited 65 children aged 14–15 years from two junior high schools and assigned them to experimental ( n = 34) and comparison ( n = 31) groups. The experimental group attended six 45-minute sessions of a DIE preventive programme. The comparison group received traditional didactic teaching. We used a generalised estimating equation (GEE) to analyse the data. Results: GEE analysis revealed that the experimental group showed significant improvements in attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and drug-free intentions compared with counterparts in the comparison group. Student feedback indicated that DIE method can contribute to the prevention of illegal drug use. Conclusion: Applying DIE method to a theory-based drug prevention programme offers a promising way of increasing the intention to not use illegal drugs among students aged 14–15 years.

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