Tobacco Harm Reduction Model Using SAST and ECM

Cigarettes is related with culture and people's behavior.In almost all countries it has become a serious problem because of its negative impact on health, but the number of smokers increasing year by year. In fact, the community has considered it as a lifestyle, social intimacy (social behaviour), and some even have made it part of certain traditional ceremonies, So behavioral change is an important thing to stop smoking or reduce the danger of negative impact of smoking. The main problem is how to change community behavioral to reduce negative impact of cigaret? This research aimed to identify and analyze the factors that caused a person to be active smoker, and what is the most appropriate strategy to reduce the negative impacts of smoking according to the real condition. The method used was the combination of inductive and deductive approaches. Data collection via questionnare and experts discussion. The analysis used were SAST and ECM . The analysis results showed there are three main factors to stop smoking : health, economic reasons, and family encouragement. While the best strategy to reduce negative impact of cigarette is government affirmative policy and building hexa helix collaboration involving business actors, academics, government, society, market and the media.

Adult onset egg allergy: a case report

Background Egg allergy is one of the most frequent food allergies in childhood while adult onset of egg allergy is a rare condition. Case presentation We report the case of a 30 years old man sent to our center in order to investigate gastrointestinal symptoms occurring since 2 years after egg and derivatives intake. He did not suffer from egg or other food allergies in childhood. He is an active smoker with a contact dermatitis related to nickel and mild allergic rhinoconjunctivitis to grass pollen. Skin prick test and serum specific IgE to egg were performed and revealed sensitization to egg proteins. Conclusions Even though IgE-mediated egg allergy affects children, this report witnesses a rare case of adult onset.

Pancreatic Cancer and Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome: A Case Report

Primary Sjögren syndrome (SS) is a chronic inflammatory systemic autoimmune disease with a high risk of malignancy development, namely, lymphoproliferative neoplasms. Few studies also reported a high risk of solid cancers; however, the coexistence of primary SS and pancreatic cancer has been rarely described. In this paper, we aim to describe a case of a 59-year-old woman who was an active smoker with sicca symptoms and symmetrical polyarthritis and was diagnosed with primary SS two years before the development of metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Despite institution of chemotherapy, the patient succumbed to the malignancy. Besides that, we explore the link between primary SS and solid cancers including the main predictors of malignancy and the role of primary SS as a paraneoplastic syndrome. Patients with primary SS should be closely monitored for malignancy, not only for hematological cancer, but also for solid tumors. Further research is necessary to understand which are the predictors of cancer proliferation in primary SS patients.

Adult Onset Egg Allergy: A Case Report

Background: Egg allergy is one of the most frequent food allergies in childhood while adult onset of egg allergy is a rare condition.Case presentation: We report the case of a 30 years old man sent to our center in order to investigate gastrointestinal symptoms occurring since two years after egg and derivatives intake. He did not suffer from egg or other food allergies in childhood. He is an active smoker with a contact dermatitis related to nickel and mild allergic rhinoconjunctivitis to grass pollen. Skin prick test and serum specific IgE to egg were performed and revealed sensitization to egg proteins. Conclusions: Even though IgE-mediated egg allergy affects children, this report witnesses a rare case of adult onset.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: synchronous presentations in the lung

A 59-year-old male active smoker presented with a 6-month history of cough and breathlessness and was found to have a right upper lobe mass. Histology revealed this to be an adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the lung, while local lymph node dissection revealed a synchronous diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). The connection between CLL and solid organ malignancy is well documented, but the reporting of ACC in this context is novel. Mechanisms linking the two processes are revealed with the possibility of causality, and heightened vigilance for the development of primary lung tumours in CLL, and their management, is recommended.

The Effect of Anti-Smoking Advertising on Changes in Smoking Intentions in Active Smokers

Intentions to smoking represents people motivation to smoke. Exposure to anti-smoking ads considered as one of the most effective way to overcoming people intentions to smoke. Current study aims to see the effect of anti-smoking ad on smoking intentions in active smokers. This experimental quantitative study using an anti-cigarette advertisement video as an intervention method. Subjects (N = 20 people) are an undergraduate student who also an active smoker, with aged range from 18-24 years old. The result of paired sample t-test hypothesis showed that there is significant difference of smoking intentions (p <0.05) before (M = 20,35; SD = 0,244) and after (M = 13,85; SD = 0,549) the intervention was given. An average difference of 6.5 indicates that anti-smoking ad exposure can be said to have a major impact to decrease individual smoking intentions. The modeling principles from social learning theory and teror management theory explain the changing in intentions that occured in this study. The implications of this research will be discussed further.

JARINGAN SOSIAL DALAM PEMBENTUKAN PERILAKU SISWA MEROKOK

The purpose of this research was to know the social networks of smoking behavior of active smoker students, especially in high school of Surakarta. This study aimed to describe agents that contribute to form this behavior through social ties based on Marwell theory of Social Networks. The methods that used in this study was descriptive qualitative with ethnography approach. The data was collected through interview using WhatsApp application. The data was analyzed with theory of Social Network from Marwell and compared to related researches. Informants in this study were ten high school students in Surakarta who active in smoking behavior. The results of this study indicated that its habit started from curiosity and imitation of others into an action that receive “support” from people around. It could be concluded that student's decision of smoking was determined by their relationship with the social milieu which was also an active smoker, such as family and peer groups.

Machine learning and AI aided tool to differentiate COVID 19 and non-COVID 19 lung CXR

One of the main challenges in dealing with the current COVID 19 pandemic is how to detect and distinguish between the COVID 19 and non COVID 19 cases. This problem arises since COVID 19 symptoms resemble with other cases. One of the golden standards is by examining the lung using the chest X ray radiograph (CXR). Currently there is growing COVID 19 cases followed by the CXR images waiting to be analyzed and this may outnumber the health capacity. Learning from that current situation and to fulfill the demand for CXRs analysis, a novel solution is required. The tool is expected can detect and distinguish the COVID 19 case lung rely on CXR. Respectively, this study aims to propose the use of AI and machine learning aided tool to distinguish the COVID 19 and non COVID 19 cases based on the CXR lung image. The compared non COVID 19 CXR cases in this study include normal (healthy), influenza A, tuberculosis, and active smoker. The results confirm that the machine learning tool is able to distinguish the COVID 19 CXR lungs based on lung consolidation. Moreover, the tool is also able to recognize an abnormality of COVID 19 lung in the form of patchy ground glass opacity.

P1684MULTI-NATIONAL SURVEY AMONG NEPHROLOGISTS AND TRANSPLANT SURGEONS ABOUT THE SUITABILITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF MARGINAL LIVE KIDNEY DONORS WITH HEAVY SMOKING OR INTERMITTENT DRUG ABUSE

Background and Aims Potential kidney donors who actively smoke heavily or had intermittent illegal drug use (IIDU) are mostly excluded from donating a kidney. Tobacco use in kidney donor has been linked to worse outcomes for donors and while less evidence exists for IIDU as they mostly excluded from donation. We conducted a short survey about the suitability of these marginal living kidney donors. The purpose of this survey is to form a consensus on live kidney donor with using smoking or illegal drugs. Method This is a cross-sectional survey of nephrologists and transplant surgeons about suitability and acceptance of marginal live kidney donors. We asked physicians about accepting kidney donors who are actively smoking or using illegal drugs. The survey was mainly distributed through AST and ERA-EDTA. The role of these organization is limited to facilitate the distribution of the survey as an external study. We excluded in-training nephrologists or transplant surgeons. Results One hundred twenty-two physicians from 22 countries (80% nephrologists and 20% transplant surgeons (TS)) participated in the survey. Most physicians were experienced in pre-transplant evaluation (72% over 6 years’ experience and 68.5% of responders perform donors’ evaluation on weekly or monthly bases). Interestingly, most physicians would allow donation in active smoker with advice to quit later (56.2%) (62% of nephrologists versus only 29% of TS (p=0.002). TS would decline active smoker patients than nephrologists (42% versus 25%, p=0.09). Less physicians considered donors with IDU (after psychiatric counselling) than active smoking (30% versus 56.2%, p=0.00003). There was no difference in acceptance rate for donors with IIDU between TS and nephrologists (33.3% versus 29% respectively, p=NS) or in declining these donors (37.5% versus 45.3%, p=0.4). TS would accept more active smokers to donate if no alternative donor available than nephrologists (29.2% vs. 12.3%, p=0.04) but not IDU (29.2% vs. 25.8%, p=ns). Conclusion Active heavy smoking and intermittent illegal drug use are not viewed as solo contraindications for kidney donation by most physicians. Nephrologists and TS did not differ in attitude regarding donors with IIDU. Nephrologist seems more confident to accept donors who are actively smoking with advice to quit afterward while TS would accept them more if no alternative donor available or would decline them completely.