Cigarette Smoking Is More Prevalent in Patients With Brain Arteriovenous Malformations Compared to General Population: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study

ObjectiveTo characterise types of corneal diseases and resulting visual impairment (VI) in a rural North Indian population.DesignCross-sectional, population-based study.MethodsThe Corneal Opacity Rural Epidemiological study included 12 899 participants from 25 random clusters of rural Gurgaon, Haryana, India to determine the prevalence of the corneal disease in the general population. Sociodemographic details, presence and type of corneal morbidity, laterality, VI (presenting visual acuity (PVA) <6/18 in the better eye) and characteristics of corneal opacities were noted.ResultsOverall, 12 113 participants of all ages underwent detailed ophthalmic examination and prevalence of corneal opacity was found to be 3.7% (n=452) with bilateral involvement in 140 participants (31%) during the house-to-house visits. Of the total 571 eyes of 435 patients presenting with corneal opacity at the central clinic, PVA was <3/60 in 166 (29.1%), 3/60 to <6/60 in 14 (2.5%), 6/60 to <6/18 in 164 (28.7%), 6/18 to ≤6/12 in 85 (14.9%) and 6/9 to 6/6 in 142 eyes (24.9%), respectively. Further, there were a total of 115 eyes (20.1%) with nebular corneal opacity, 263 (46.1%) with macular, 162 (28.4%) with leucomatous and 31 (5.4%) with an adherent leucoma. The odds of having VI due to corneal disease were greater for the illiterate (OR:4.26; 95% CI: 2.88 to 6.31; p<0.001) and elderly (OR:11.05; 95% CI: 7.76 to 15.74; p<0.001).ConclusionThe data from this study give an insight into the characteristics of various corneal pathologies and resulting VI in the general population. This is a pioneer study involving all age groups on the burden of VI due to corneal diseases.

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The association of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking with body mass index: a cross-sectional, population-based study among Chinese adult male twins

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-016-2967-3 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Chunxiao Liao ◽

Wenjing Gao ◽

Weihua Cao ◽

Jun Lv ◽

Canqing Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Body Mass ◽

Adult Male ◽

Alcohol Drinking ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Chinese Adult

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Monoarylamines in the general population – A cross-sectional population-based study including 1004 Bavarian subjects

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health ◽

10.1016/j.ijheh.2008.07.004 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 212 (3) ◽

pp. 298-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Birgitta Kütting ◽

Thomas Göen ◽

Ursula Schwegler ◽

Hermann Fromme ◽

Wolfgang Uter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Study

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The GH receptor exon 3 deleted/full-length polymorphism is associated with central adiposity in the general population

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-14-0723 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 172 (2) ◽

pp. 123-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Camilla A M Glad ◽

Lena M S Carlsson ◽

Olle Melander ◽

Peter Almgren ◽

Lars Sjöström ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Genetic Model ◽

Population Based ◽

Full Length ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Central Adiposity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Gh Receptor ◽

Total Body

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that the GH receptor (GHR) exon 3 deleted (d3)/full-length (fl) polymorphism influences anthropometry and body composition in the general population.Design and settingThe Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) reference study is a cross-sectional population-based study, randomly selected from a population registry. A subgroup of the population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer study (MDC-CC) was used as a replication cohort.MethodsThe SOS reference study comprises 1135 subjects (46.2% men), with an average age of 49.5 years. The MDC-CC includes 5451 successfully genotyped subjects (41.5% men), with an average age of 57.5 years. GHR d3/fl genotypes were determined using TagSNP rs6873545. Linear regression analyses were used to test for genotype–phenotype associations.ResultsIn the SOS reference study, subjects homozygous for the d3-GHR weighed ∼4 kg more (P=0.011), and had larger waist-to-hip ratio (WHR, P=0.036), larger waist circumference (P=0.016), and more fat-free mass estimated from total body potassium (P=0.026) than grouped fl/d3 and fl/fl subjects (d3-recessive genetic model). The association with WHR was replicated in the MDC-CC (P=0.002), but not those with other anthropometric traits.ConclusionsIn this population-based study, the GHR d3/fl polymorphism was found to be of functional relevance and associated with central adiposity, such that subjects homozygous for the d3-GHR showed an increased abdominal obesity.

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Cigarette Smoking Is More Prevalent in Patients With Brain Arteriovenous Malformations Compared to General Population: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1093/neuros/nyaa281 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anni Pohjola ◽

Joni V Lindbohm ◽

Elias Oulasvirta ◽

Ahmad Hafez ◽

Päivi Koroknay-Pál ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

General Population ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Age Groups ◽

Population Based ◽

Smoking Habits ◽

Life Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logit Transformation ◽

T Distribution

Abstract BACKGROUND Research on the prevalence of smokers in patients with brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) remains nonexistent, even though smoking is a well-known risk factor for intracranial aneurysms. OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence and smoking habits of AVM patients. METHODS Data on smoking habits were collected with a quality-of-life questionnaire mailed in 2016 to all patients in our large AVM database. These smoking data were supplemented with registry data derived from medical records. The prevalence of smokers was compared to that of the general population, derived from statistics of National Institute for Health and Welfare. Logit transformation of proportions and Students t distribution were used to calculate the 95% CIs for prevalence estimates. RESULTS Of the 384 patients aged over 18 yr on admission, 277 (72.1%) returned the questionnaires in 2016. When compared to age, sex, and admission year matched general population, the proportion of smokers in AVM patients was 48% (CI = 41%-55%) and 19% (CI = 16%-21%) in the general population. The difference increased in older age groups; in those aged 65 to 77 yr, the percentage of smokers reached 73% (CI = 46%-90%), while the corresponding percentage in the general population was 7% (CI = 5%-9%). CONCLUSION We observed considerably higher rates of smoking among AVM patients when compared to age, sex, and admission year matched general population. Our results suggest that in the development of AVMs, the role played by nicotine and other substances in tobacco smoke should be examined. Cigarette smoking could potentially be a common cerebrovascular risk factor.

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A Population Based Study on the Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Smokers' Characteristics at Osogbo, Nigeria

Tobacco Use Insights ◽

10.4137/tui.s10763 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. TUI.S10763 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ebenezer G Adepoju ◽

Samuel A Olowookere ◽

Najemdeen A Adeleke ◽

Olusegun T Afolabi ◽

Folakemi O Olajide ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cumulative Effects ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Southwestern Nigeria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cigarette Smokers ◽

Population Based Study ◽

The City

Background Cigarette smoking has been linked to several cancers worldwide. The characteristics of smokers have not been well documented among Nigerians. Objective This study assessed the prevalence and characteristics of cigarette smokers among the residents of Osogbo, in southwestern Nigeria. Method The study, a population based cross-sectional study of randomly selected consenting adult residents of Osogbo, was conducted in September of 2011. Data was collected using a semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire on cigarette smoking. Results A total of 759 respondents were interviewed. Mean age was 42.1 ± 12.5 years. There were 364 (48%) males and 395 (52%) females. About 22% had ever smoked while 8.7% were current smokers, smoking an average of 22.9 ± 10.1 cigarettes per day. Males constituted the majority of current smokers. Most smokers (71%) were introduced to smoking by friends and ill health was the most often reported reason for quitting. Conclusion Cigarette smoking is commonly practiced among males in the studied population and awareness creation and advocacy should be conducted throughout the city in order to inform current smokers about the hazards and cumulative effects inherent in smoking.

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