scholarly journals A Population Based Study on the Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Smokers' Characteristics at Osogbo, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. TUI.S10763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebenezer G Adepoju ◽  
Samuel A Olowookere ◽  
Najemdeen A Adeleke ◽  
Olusegun T Afolabi ◽  
Folakemi O Olajide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
The City

Background Cigarette smoking has been linked to several cancers worldwide. The characteristics of smokers have not been well documented among Nigerians. Objective This study assessed the prevalence and characteristics of cigarette smokers among the residents of Osogbo, in southwestern Nigeria. Method The study, a population based cross-sectional study of randomly selected consenting adult residents of Osogbo, was conducted in September of 2011. Data was collected using a semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire on cigarette smoking. Results A total of 759 respondents were interviewed. Mean age was 42.1 ± 12.5 years. There were 364 (48%) males and 395 (52%) females. About 22% had ever smoked while 8.7% were current smokers, smoking an average of 22.9 ± 10.1 cigarettes per day. Males constituted the majority of current smokers. Most smokers (71%) were introduced to smoking by friends and ill health was the most often reported reason for quitting. Conclusion Cigarette smoking is commonly practiced among males in the studied population and awareness creation and advocacy should be conducted throughout the city in order to inform current smokers about the hazards and cumulative effects inherent in smoking.

scholarly journals Social correlates of cigarette smoking among Icelandic adolescents: A population-based cross-sectional study

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfgeir L Kristjansson ◽  
Inga D Sigfusdottir ◽  
John P Allegrante ◽  
Asgeir R Helgason
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Correlates

scholarly journals Seroprevalence, prevalence, and genomic surveillance: monitoring the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Betim, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Valesca Fernandes Gilson Silva ◽  
Diego Menezes ◽  
Filipe Romero Rebello Moreira ◽  
Octavio Alcantara Torres ◽  
Paula Luize Camargos Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Third ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Epidemiological Monitoring ◽  
The City

The Covid-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented need for epidemiological monitoring using diverse strategies. We conducted a project combining prevalence, seroprevalence, and genomic surveillance approaches to describe the initial pandemic stages in Betim City, Brazil. We collected 3239 subjects in a population-based age-, sex- and neighborhood-stratified, household, prospective; cross-sectional study divided into three surveys 21 days apart sampling the same geographical area. In the first survey, overall prevalence (participants positive in serological or molecular tests) reached 0.46% (90% CI 0.12% - 0.80%), followed by 2.69% (90% CI 1.88% - 3.49%) in the second survey and 6.67% (90% CI 5.42% - 7.92%) in the third. The underreporting reached 11, 19.6, and 20.4 times in each survey, respectively. We observed increased odds to test positive in females compared to males (OR 1.88 95% CI 1.25 - 2.82), while the single best predictor for positivity was ageusia/ anosmia (OR 8.12, 95% CI 4.72 - 13.98). Thirty-five SARS-CoV-2 genomes were sequenced, of which 18 were classified as lineage B.1.1.28, while 17 were B.1.1.33. Multiple independent viral introductions were observed. Integration of multiple epidemiological strategies was able to describe Covid-19 dispersion in the city adequately. Presented results have helped local government authorities to guide pandemic management.

scholarly journals Meat intake among adults: a population-based study in the city of Campinas, Brazil. A cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Contrera Avila ◽  
Verônica Gronau Luz ◽  
Daniela de Assumpção ◽  
Regina Mara Fisberg ◽  
Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Meat Intake ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health Situation ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Meat is a food with high nutritional density that has significant participation in the Brazilian diet. However, in excess it can cause harm to health. The aim of this study was to analyze the meat intake (g/day) among adults according to sociodemographic, behavioral and health situation characteristics, and to assess the types of meat most consumed. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional population-based study conducted in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, in 2008 and 2009. METHODS: Two-stage cluster sampling was used. The analysis included 948 adults between 20 and 59 years, who were participants in the Campinas Health Survey. Meat intake was assessed using 24-hour dietary recall. RESULTS: The mean meat intake adjusted for sex and age was 182.3 g (95% CI: 170.6-193.9 g), with significantly lower intake among women, individuals aged 50 years or over, those with the presence of two or more self-reported chronic diseases and those with three or more health complaints. Higher meat intake was found in segments with intermediate monthly family income (between 1 and 3 minimum wages), those with 16 or more appliances per household and those who consumed soft drinks seven days a week. Beef was consumed most frequently (44%) among the meats in the diet, followed by poultry, fish and pork. CONCLUSION: The data from this study reveal high meat intake in the population of Campinas and identify the segments that need to be prioritized for strategies directed towards appropriate meat intake.

scholarly journals Use of prescribed and non-prescribed medications among children living in poor areas in the city of Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 2032-2040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djanilson Barbosa dos Santos ◽  
Mauricio Lima Barreto ◽  
Helena Lutescia Luna Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Poor Children ◽  
Systemic Antibiotics ◽  
The City

A cross-sectional study of children living in poor areas in the city of Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil, was carried out in 2006 to investigate the prevalence of use of prescribed and non-prescribed medication. This population-based study included 1,382 children aged 4-11 years. The use prescribed and non-prescribed medication during the 15 day period preceding the interview was adopted as the dependent variable. Of the 1,382 children, 663 (48%) had used at least one type of medication in the 15 days prior to the interview: in 267 cases (40.3%), mothers reported that the child had taken prescribed medication, while in 396 cases (59.7%), the child had taken medication that had not been prescribed by a physician. The most commonly prescribed drugs were analgesics (42.3%), systemic antibiotics (21.3%) and antiasthmatic (16.5%). With respect to non-prescribed drugs, the most common were analgesics (65.2%), antitussives (15.7%) and vitamins (9.3%). The results show a high prevalence of the use of non-prescription drugs among poor children, and large drug purchases of drugs by the head of household, highlighting deficiencies in coverage of the health system.

scholarly journals 1247Low-calorie sweeteners consumption: a population-based study from Campinas, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Fagundes Grilo ◽  
Ana Clara Duran
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Food Labels ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Socioeconomic Strata

Abstract Background The addition of low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) has been increasingly used by industry but their metabolic effects are controversial. Objectives: to estimate the consumption of foods and beverages with LCS among adolescents, adults and the elderly and to verify which food categories most contribute to this consumption. Methods Cross-sectional study. We used data from the Campinas Health Survey (ISACamp 2014-15) and the Food Consumption and Nutritional Status Survey (ISACamp-Nutri 2015-16) of 2570 individuals from 10 years old. We estimated the prevalence of LCS consumption and described the food categories that most contributed to this consumption. Using regression analysis, we verified which population groups had the highest consumption of products with LCS. Results More than 40% of adolescents, adults and the elderly consumed at least one product with LCS, mainly coming from sweetened beverages, tabletop sweeteners, and yogurt and other dairy beverages. The consumption of LCS was evenly found across adolescents and elderly from all socioeconomic strata, and whether elderly participants presented overweight and/or diabetes. Among adults, greater prevalence of foods and beverages with LCS consumption was found in those with higher education but did not vary by the presence of overweight and/or diabetes. Conclusions We found similar consumption of foods and beverages with LCS in most socioeconomic strata, and in participants with and without overweight or diabetes. Key messages The results can contribute to the development of public policies on clearer information of LCS addition in food labels.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension among Adults living in the City of Bandundu, Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

OALib ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Mukoso Ngakieb ◽  
Aliocha Nkodila Natuhoyila ◽  
Francois Lepira Bompeka ◽  
Pascal Bayauli ◽  
Yves Lubenga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Prevalence of strabismus among preschool children in eastern China and comparison at a 5-year interval: a population-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e055112
Author(s):  
Yue Wang ◽  
Andi Zhao ◽  
Xiaohan Zhang ◽  
Dan Huang ◽  
Hui Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Intermittent Exotropia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Convergence Insufficiency

ObjectiveTo update data on strabismus and evaluate the changes in prevalence and patterns among preschoolers in eastern China over a period of 5 years.DesignNanjing Eye Study, a longitudinal population-based study.SettingRecruitment and testing in kindergartens in Yuhuatai District, Nanjing.Participants2300 eligible children.Main outcome measuresComprehensive ocular examinations were conducted in 1986 children aged 48–<60 months in Nanjing Eye Study (NES, 2016–2017), including visual acuity, ocular alignment, refractive error and ocular structures evaluation. The prevalence rate and pattern of strabismus were calculated and compared with those from the Nanjing Pediatric Vision Project (NPVP, 2011–2012) in children of the same age, of the same area and using the same diagnostic criteria.ResultsThe overall prevalence rate of strabismus in NES was 5.56% (95% CI 4.54% to 6.57%), which was not significantly different from that in NPVP (4.99%, 95% CI 4.13% to 5.84%, p=0.40). The prevalence of subtypes of strabismus underwent significant changes, with significant increase in intermittent exotropia (IXT) in NES (2.78% vs 4.69%, p=0.001) and significant decrease in constant exotropia (1.17% vs 0.15%, p<0.001). Significant change in pattern was observed in IXT, where the proportion of the convergence insufficiency type (2.90% vs 27.17%) increased and exceeded the divergence excess type (20.29% vs 11.96%) to be the second common type (p<0.001).ConclusionThe prevalence of strabismus appeared stable in children aged 48–<60 months in eastern China at a 5-year interval. The prevalence of IXT increased significantly, and the convergence insufficiency type became more prevalent in patients with IXT. Timely detection and intervention of IXT are important among preschoolers.

scholarly journals Prevalence of breast cancer in the city of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, between 1988 and 2002

2011 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 309-314
Author(s):  
Edesio Martins ◽  
Ruffo Freitas-Junior ◽  
Maria Paula Curado ◽  
Nilceana Maya Aires Freitas ◽  
Carleane Maciel Bandeira Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cancer Prevalence ◽  
Annual Prevalence ◽  
The City

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Studies have shown increased prevalence rates for breast cancer, relating to higher incidence, longer survival and breast cancer prevention programs among populations. The aim here was to analyze the annual prevalence of breast cancer in Goiânia over a 15-year period. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study on women with breast cancer diagnosed in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, from 1988 to 2002. METHODS: The breast cancer cases were identified in the database of the Population-Based Cancer Registry of Goiânia. The 15-year period was stratified into three five-year periods. The cases were followed up for five years, and the mortality database was used to exclude deaths. The population of the official census was used as the denominator for rate calculations. RESULTS: The coefficient of breast cancer prevalence in Goiania was 22.87/100,000 in 1988 and 220.22/100,000 women in 2002. The analyses for periods showed that in the first period, the rate was 19.39/100,000 and that it was 44.79/100,000 in the last period. For the fifteen years analyzed, the prevalence rate for breast cancer was 127.24/100,000 women. The annual percentage change was 27.07 (P < 0.001; 95% confidence interval, CI: 20.79-33.67) from 1988 to 1992 and 9.39 (P < 0.001; 95% CI: 8.52-10.25) from 1992 to 2002. CONCLUSION: There was an increase in the breast cancer prevalence rate in the city of Goiânia between 1988 and 2002, possibly relating to the improvement in the screening and treatment of breast cancer

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