scholarly journals Silvicultural Options to Reduce Pine Susceptibility to Attack by a Newly Detected Invasive Species, Sirex noctilio

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Dodds ◽  
Robert R. Cooke ◽  
Daniel W. Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Stand Management ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Growing Conditions

Abstract A nonnative woodwasp of Eurasian origin, Sirex noctilio F., was detected recently in Oswego, New York, infesting Scots, red, and white pine. S. noctilio has caused periodic widespread losses of pine timber resources in several Southern Hemisphere countries and may cause significant damage in pure even-aged stands and overstocked plantations in North America. However, stand management and biological control programs have successfully managed S. noctilio populations in other countries and similar programs are being developed for North America. Until the primary biological control agent, Beddingia siricidicola, a parasitic nematode, is established in North America, forest owners will have to rely solely on silvicultural treatments to reduce the susceptibility of at-risk pine stands to S. noctilio attack. Silvicultural treatments including precommercial thinning, promoting optimal growing conditions for pines on a given site, reducing numbers of susceptible hosts, and consistent monitoring of stands are suggested activities to help protect pine stands from invasion by S. noctilio.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Kamona strain Deladenus siricidicola nematodes for biological control of Sirex noctilio in North America and hybridisation with invasive conspecifics

NeoBiota ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Tonya D. Bittner ◽  
Nathan Havill ◽  
Isis A.L. Caetano ◽  
Ann E. Hajek
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
High Rate ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Control Strain ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Parasitism Rates

Sirexnoctilio is an invasive woodwasp that, along with its symbiotic fungus, has killed pine trees (Pinus spp.) in North America and in numerous countries in the Southern Hemisphere. We tested a biological control agent in North America that has successfully controlled S.noctilio in Oceania, South Africa, and South America. Deladenussiricidicola nematodes feed on the symbiotic white rot fungus Amylostereumareolatum and can switch to being parasitic on S.noctilio. When parasitic, the Kamona nematode strain can sterilise the eggs of S.noctilio females. However, in North America, a different strain of D.siricidicola (NA), presumably introduced along with the woodwasp, parasitises but does not sterilise S.noctilio. We tested the sterilising Kamona biological control strain of D.siricidicola against S.noctilio in North America. Interactions between the biological control strain and the NA strain could include competitive exclusion, co-infection within hosts or hybridisation. We reared D.siricidicola Kamona on an A.areolatum strain native to North America (IGS-BE) and another strain (IGS-BDF) used commercially to mass-produce the nematode in Australia. We inoculated Kamona reared on either strain of A.areolatum into logs infested with S.noctilio larvae and compared parasitism rates against control logs. Individual nematodes were isolated from S.noctilio hemocoels and from sterilised eggs and were genotyped with eight microsatellite loci. A high rate of parasitisation of S.noctilio by D.siricidicolaNA was found for all treatments and we found evidence of both co-infection and hybridisation. Surprisingly, sterilisation rates were not related to the rates of parasitisation by D.siricidicola Kamona.

scholarly journals First Report of Phragmidium violaceum Infecting Himalaya and Evergreen Blackberries in North America

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Osterbauer ◽  
A. Trippe ◽  
K. French ◽  
T. Butler ◽  
M. C. Aime ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
First Report ◽  
Official Report

Phragmidium violaceum occurs on several species of Rubus, including R. armeniacus, R. fruticosus agg., and R. laciniatus, in Europe, South Africa, Iran, and Iraq, and has been introduced as a biological control agent for invasive blackberries in Australia, New Zealand, and Chile. To our knowledge, this is the first official report of P. violaceum infecting Himalaya and evergreen blackberries in North America. Accepted for publication 16 September 2005. Published 23 September 2005.

scholarly journals Biological Control of Rose Powdery Mildew with the Antagonist Yeast Tilletiopsis pallescens

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken K. Ng ◽  
Leslie MacDonald ◽  
Zamir K. Punja
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Spore Suspension ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Sphaerotheca Pannosa

The efficacy of Tilletiopsis pallescens Gokhale, a naturally occurring ballistosporeforming yeast isolated from mildew-infected leaves, was evaluated as a biological control agent against rose powdery mildew [Sphaerotheca pannosa (Wallr.:Fr.) Lév. var. rosae Woronichin]. Two trials were conducted on potted rose (Rosa sp.) plants (1-year-old cv. Cardinal Pink) under commercial greenhouse-growing conditions during the summer (June to September) when mildew was most severe. Mildew-infected plants were subjected to one of four treatments: a T. pallescens spore suspension applied three times (3–4 d apart), distilled water (applied three times), one application of T. pallescens spore suspension, or one application of culture filtrate without spores. Two weeks after treatment began, mildew development was evaluated by enumerating conidial density on sampled leaflets. Sporulation was significantly reduced (by 97%–98%) on plants treated with three applications of T. pallescens spore suspension, compared to a 47%–57% reduction on plants treated with three applications of distilled water. There was no significant difference in conidial density between plants treated with one application of T. pallescens spore suspension and plants treated with one application of its culture filtrate, with a 78%–94% reduction in conidia, which was significantly higher than for the water treatment. The mode(s) of action of T. pallescens appears to be eradicant and associated with enzymes or metabolites produced in the culture filtrate. The results from this study demonstrate the potential for biological control of rose powdery mildew under commercial growing conditions in British Columbia.

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