Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Low Blood Lead Levels in Association With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Its Symptom Domain in Children: A Community-Based Case–Control Study

Background: Several epidemiological studies have investigated high lead (Pb) exposure and pregnancy outcomes,but few studies have investigated the association of low lead exposure and low birth weight (LBW). The aims of this study were to estimate the maternal blood lead levels (BLL), to identify determinants for BLL among parturient woman and to evaluate the association of maternal BLL andLBW. Methods: From July 2017 to February 2018, we carried out a case control study in the genecology and obstetrics hospital of Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria. Lead concentrations in maternal blood samples collected at delivery were measured in 29mother who delivered term LBW cases group and 29mother who give birth to a term normal weight baby matched controls.Blood lead levels were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results: Mean maternal BLLwere higher among normal groups than in mothers of LBW, but this difference was not significant (23,076 ±16,120, versus 18,086 ± 6,641 ug/l p=0.247).Our results indicate that the mean lead level was nothigher in LBW neonates, and the whole blood lead was not related to the birth weight. In addition,there was interaction of daily kohl use and maternal BLL. Conclusion:This study suggeststhat maternal BLL was not significantly associated with LBW. Mothers with daily use of kohl during pregnancy were more likely to have elevate blood lead concentrations. Keywords: case-control study, low birth weight, Algeria, lead, kohl.

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Environmental Lead Exposure and Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Diagnoses in Young Children: A Test-Negative Case-Control Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17207625 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (20) ◽

pp. 7625

Author(s):

Marina Oktapodas Feiler ◽

Mary T. Caserta ◽

Edwin van Wijngaarden ◽

Kelly Thevenet-Morrison ◽

Dwight J. Hardy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Medical Records ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Blood Lead ◽

Case Control ◽

Blood Lead Levels ◽

Negative Case ◽

Lead Levels ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

Control Study

Experimental and epidemiological evidence suggests that environmental toxicants may influence susceptibility to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The objective of the present study was to estimate the association between blood lead concentrations and the odds of child influenza or RSV infection. A test-negative, case-control study was conducted among 617 children, <4 years of age, tested for influenza/RSV from 2012–2017 in Rochester, NY. There were 49 influenza cases (568 controls) and 123 RSV cases (494 controls). Blood lead concentrations reported in children’s medical records were linked with influenza/RSV lab test results. Covariables were collected from medical records, birth certificates, and U.S. census data. In this sample, evidence of an association between blood lead levels and RSV or influenza diagnosis was not observed. Children with a lead level ≥1 μg/dL vs. <1 μg/dL had an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence limit of 0.95 (0.60, 1.49) for RSV and 1.34 (0.65, 2.75) for influenza. In sex-specific analyses, boys with lead concentrations ≥1 μg/dL vs. <1 μg/dL had an aOR = 1.89 (1.25, 2.86) for influenza diagnosis, while the estimates were inconsistent for girls. These results are suggestive of sex-specific associations between blood lead levels and the risk of influenza, although the sample size was small.

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A Case-Control Study to Determine Risk Factors for Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children, Idaho

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1177/074823379701300106 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 67-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Mildred Maisonet ◽

Frank J. Bove ◽

Wendy E. Kaye

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Lead Level ◽

Blood Lead ◽

Case Control ◽

Blood Lead Levels ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

Lead Levels ◽

Elevated Blood Lead Levels ◽

Control Study

Objective: A pair-matched, case-control study was conducted to identify if risk factors or behaviors suspected to affect childhood blood lead levels, were more prevalent among children with elevated blood lead levels living in the vicinity of a defunct mining and smelting facility. Methods: Study individuals were recruited from the 1992 Silver Valley blood lead screening participants. The cases were children with a blood lead level >10 micrograms per deciliter (μg/dL). The controls were children with a blood lead level <10 μg/dL, who were matched to cases by age and sex. Data on risk factors were obtained through personal interviews. Results: Of the variables examined, yard soil remediation showed the strongest association with changes in blood lead levels. This variable was found to be a protective factor for elevated blood lead levels in children (odds ratio, 0.28; confidence interval, 0.08–0.92). Conclusion: The results suggest that removal of lead contaminated soil from residential yards was effective in reducing blood lead levels in children.

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