scholarly journals Estimating the Time to Diagnosis and the Chance of Spontaneous Clearance During Acute Hepatitis C in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Ragonnet ◽  
Sylvie Deuffic-Burban ◽  
Christoph Boesecke ◽  
Marguerite Guiguet ◽  
Karine Lacombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Spontaneous Clearance ◽  
Acute Hepatitis C ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hcv Transmission ◽  
Wait And See

Abstract Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is often asymptomatic, and the date of infection is almost impossible to determine. Furthermore, spontaneous clearance (SC) may occur, but little is known about its time of occurrence. Methods Data on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-HCV coinfected individuals were used to inform a stochastic simulation model of HCV viral load kinetics, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and HCV antibodies during acute hepatitis C. The dates of diagnosis and potential SC were estimated through a Bayesian approach. Hepatitis C virus diagnosis was assumed to be based on an elevated ALT level detected during a control visit for HIV-infected individuals, which occurred every 3 months (scenario A) or every 6 months (scenario B). Results We found that HCV diagnosis occurred after a median of 115 days and 170 days of infection in scenarios A and B, respectively. Among spontaneous clearers, SC occurred after a median time of 184 days after infection. Seven percent (scenario B) to 10% (scenario A) of SCs appeared more than 6 months after diagnosis, and 3% (both scenarios) of SCs appeared more than 1 year after diagnosis. Conclusions Acute hepatitis C diagnosis occurs late in HIV-HCV coinfected individuals. Screening for HCV in HIV-infected individuals should be performed frequently to reduce delays. Our findings about late occurrence of SC support “wait and see” strategies for treatment initiation from an individual basis. However, early treatment initiation may reduce HCV transmission.

Phylogenetic analysis of acute hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infections among human immunodeficiency virus-positive men who have sex with men in Germany

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1169-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Vogel ◽  
Thijs Van De Laar ◽  
Bernd Kupfer ◽  
Hans-Jürgen Stellbrink ◽  
Tim Kümmerle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Acute Hepatitis C ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sex With Men

scholarly journals The natural history of early hepatitis C virus evolution; lessons from a global outbreak in human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected individuals

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 2227-2236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma C. Thomson ◽  
Jennifer A. Smith ◽  
Paul Klenerman
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Spontaneous Clearance ◽  
Acute Hepatitis C ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

New insights into the early viral evolution and cellular immune response during acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are being gained following a global outbreak in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV)-positive men who have sex with men. Cross-sectional and longitudinal sequence analysis at both the population and individual level have facilitated tracking of the HCV epidemic across the world and enabled the development of tests of viral diversity in individual patients in order to predict spontaneous clearance of HCV and response to treatment. Immunological studies in HIV-positive cohorts have highlighted the role of the CD4+ T-cell response in the control of early HCV infection and will increase the opportunity for the identification of protective epitopes that could be used in future vaccine development.

scholarly journals Acute hepatitis C in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): the 'real-life setting' proves the concept

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (Suppl 4) ◽  
pp. P202
Author(s):  
P Ingiliz ◽  
MJ Obermeier ◽  
L Weitner ◽  
C Cordes ◽  
A Moll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Acute Hepatitis C ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Life Setting ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Eliminating Hepatitis C Virus Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Men Who Have Sex With Men in Berlin: A Modeling Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (10) ◽  
pp. 1635-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha K Martin ◽  
Klaus Jansen ◽  
Matthias an der Heiden ◽  
Christoph Boesecke ◽  
Anders Boyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
World Health ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hcv Transmission ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Background Despite high hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment rates, HCV incidence among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected men who have sex with men (HIV-infected MSM) in Germany rose before HCV direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). We model what intervention can achieve the World Health Organization (WHO) elimination target of an 80% reduction in HCV incidence by 2030 among HIV-infected MSM in Berlin. Methods An HCV transmission model among HIV-diagnosed MSM was calibrated to Berlin (rising HCV incidence and high rates of HCV testing and treatment). We modeled the HCV incidence among HIV-diagnosed MSM in Berlin until 2030 (relative to 2015 WHO baseline) under scenarios of DAA scale-up with or without behavior change (among HIV-diagnosed MSM and/or all MSM). Results Continuing current treatment rates will marginally reduce the HCV incidence among HIV-diagnosed MSM in Berlin by 2030. Scaling up DAA treatment rates, beginning in 2018, to 100% of newly diagnosed HCV infections within 3 months of diagnosis and 25% each year of previously diagnosed and untreated HCV infections could reduce the HCV incidence by 61% (95% confidence interval, 55.4%–66.7%) by 2030. The WHO target would likely be achieved by combining DAA scale-up with a 40% reduction in HCV transmission among HIV-diagnosed MSM and a 20% reduction among HIV-undiagnosed or HIV-uninfected MSM. Discussion HCV elimination among HIV-infected MSM in Berlin likely requires combining DAA scale-up with moderately effective behavioral interventions to reduce risk among all MSM.

[461] ACUTE HEPATITIS C INFECTION IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS: LOW RATE OF SPONTANEOUS CLEARANCE AND WEAK HEPATITIS C VIRUS-SPECIFIC T CELL RESPONSES

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. S175
Author(s):  
A. Schnuriger ◽  
S. Dominguez ◽  
C. Katlama ◽  
M.A. Valantin ◽  
A. Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Spontaneous Clearance ◽  
Acute Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Low Rate

1063 FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SPONTANEOUS CLEARANCE DURING ACUTE HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. S411 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Grebely ◽  
G.J. Dore ◽  
M. Schim van der Loeff ◽  
A.L. Cox ◽  
J. Bruneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Spontaneous Clearance ◽  
Acute Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus: Variable Transmission Bottleneck and Evidence of Midgestation In Utero Infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Fauteux-Daniel ◽  
Ariane Larouche ◽  
Virginie Calderon ◽  
Jonathan Boulais ◽  
Chanel Béland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hcv Transmission ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy and childbirth. However, the timing and precise biological mechanisms that are involved in this process are incompletely understood, as are the determinants that influence transmission of particular HCV variants. Here we report results of a longitudinal assessment of HCV quasispecies diversity and composition in 5 cases of vertical HCV transmission, including 3 women coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The population structure of HCV variant spectra based on E2 envelope gene sequences (nucleotide positions 1491 to 1787), including hypervariable regions 1 and 2, was characterized using next-generation sequencing and median-joining network analysis. Compatible with a loose transmission bottleneck, larger numbers of shared HCV variants were observed in the presence of maternal coinfection. Coalescent Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations revealed median times of transmission between 24.9 weeks and 36.1 weeks of gestation, with some confidence intervals ranging into the 1st trimester, considerably earlier than previously thought. Using recombinant autologous HCV pseudoparticles, differences were uncovered in HCV-specific antibody responses between coinfected mothers and mothers infected with HCV alone, in whom generalized absence of neutralization was observed. Finally, shifts in HCV quasispecies composition were seen in children around 1 year of age, compatible with the disappearance of passively transferred maternal immunoglobulins and/or the development of HCV-specific humoral immunity. Taken together, these results provide insights into the timing, dynamics, and biologic mechanisms involved in vertical HCV transmission and inform preventative strategies. IMPORTANCE Although it is well established that hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be transmitted from mother to child, the manner and the moment at which transmission operates have been the subject of conjecture. By carrying out a detailed examination of viral sequences, we showed that transmission could take place comparatively early in pregnancy. In addition, we showed that when the mother also carried human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), many more HCV variants were shared between her and her child, suggesting that the mechanism and/or the route of transmission of HCV differed in the presence of coinfection with HIV-1. These results could explain why cesarean section is ineffective in preventing vertical HCV transmission and guide the development of interventions to avert pediatric HCV infection.

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