The Legitimacy of Representation
The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance examines the classic democratic paradox and proposes an unusual resolution. How can representation be legitimate, many democratic theorists have asked, when it rests on political exclusions? Rather than a legitimacy that rests on voting rules or legal obligations, we see in this film the bond between a society and its representative forged as an erotic relationship of debt and obligation. A good representative, on this account, is someone who sacrifices part of his or her identity for the sake of others. The means for doing so is a narrative that gathers together reason and power into an expression that ties the representative to the constituents. But this experience is costly for all parties, and it demonstrates the permanent tension between freedom and happiness that is a feature of political pessimism. Representative systems are sustained by our endurance of this tension.