When Are Women Well Represented?

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-82
Author(s):  
Karen Celis
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Multiple Generations ◽  
Select Work ◽  
Simple Question

Chapter 2 offers a re-reading of classic and newer research on women’s political representation. It is designed not to provide the reader with a comprehensive, global account of what has been said and found by multiple generations of scholars. Rather, by using more select work, the authors show through a critical reading that the dominant “dimensional approach” to political representation limits both conceptual understanding and empirical evaluation of the quality of women’s political representation. This tendency toward individual dimensions of representation—oftentimes discrete analysis of descriptive, substantive, symbolic, and affective representation—not only presumes that women’s good representation is somehow a simple question of adding up and taking away scores for each dimension, but it also makes it particularly hard to conceive, theoretically and empirically, when women are well represented, given women’s ideological and intersectional differences. Hence, the authors’ claim to redress intersectionally women’s poverty of representation demands that we conceive of representation as a mélange.

The sewer as a bioreactor – a dry weather approach

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hvitved-Jacobsen ◽  
J. Vollertsen ◽  
J.S. Matos
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Microbial Transformations ◽  
Receiving Water

The sewer is a reactor for chemical and microbial transformations of wastewater. These in-sewer processes affect the quality of the wastewater and thereby the sewer itself, the subsequent treatment and the receiving water quality. The paper focuses on the interactions between the dry weather in-sewer chemical and microbial transformations of the wastewater and the corresponding processes in a downstream located treatment plant. A conceptual understanding of the sewer processes is crucial in this respect.

scholarly journals Testing the quality of underground transport in Bucharest

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1088-1100
Author(s):  
Alexandru Statescu
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Subway Stations ◽  
Using Data

Abstract In a city with overcrowded traffic, a component of the common transport is Bucharest transportation of metro (subway passenger transport on the railway network underground and surface) and is the core activity of METROREX S.A. The company aims each year a greater number of passengers according to the charts of the movement of subway trains to ensure adequate transport capacity as required and optimal conditions of comfort and safety. Each year, the company aims to find out the opinion of passengers on the transport conditions and, in this respect, organize a survey with the aim of testing the quality of underground transport in Bucharest in 16 subway stations considered to be representative. In this paper I intend to do an analysis using statistical research methods, of the quality of underground transport in Bucharest, using data from the survey conducted in the year 2014. Data collection in the stations was realized through 32 operators, by 2 in each station (one in each direction of travel) by completing questionnaires (using interview technique or face to face technique), using a sample considered representative of 2,400 travelers with a margin of error of ± 2% on a 95% probability level. Data collection was made during the period when passenger traffic is large enough to provide a good representation of data and cover the entire program running underground. The questionnaire contains eight questions that have allowed those who responded to the survey to fit in the time between trains in circulation. In 2016, the structure of the questionnaire was modified, questions were modified for a more effective assessment of characteristics of observation. The answers to the questions contained in the questionnaire were collected by operators in the 16 subway stations: Piața Unirii 1 and 2, Piața Victoriei 1 and 2, Dristor 2, Nicolae Grigorescu, Universitate, Piața Sudului, Pipera, Eroilor, Gara de Nord 1, Obor, Crângași, Pantelimon, Parc Bazilescu and 1 December 1918, analyzed and processed based on 2400 questionnaires. A new category of polls states in the present and is determined by evolutions in computer networks and communication, are called online surveys conducted on the Web. Also in this paper, I propose the implementation of a solution based on an online survey website that includes the online version of the questionnaire used to collect data from the virtual environment.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Joshua Foa Dienstag
Keyword(s):  
Political Representation ◽  
Moving Target ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Moving Image ◽  
Human Subjectivity

Film offers us many perspectives on political representation that are not otherwise readily available. Good representation is hard to conceptualize and hard to enact because the human being to be represented politically is not like any other object. Human subjectivity is always evolving; therefore, its representation is always chasing after a moving target. Film, as a moving image, has some advantages in representing this kind of being. But film also shows the limits of representation that frustrate democratic aims. This chapter outlines the dilemmas of representation that are discussed in the rest of the book.

scholarly journals Estimating the Gumbel-Barnett copula parameter of dependence

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennyfer Portilla Yela ◽  
José Rafael Tovar Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Bayesian Methods ◽  
Prior Distribution ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Bayesian Estimator ◽  
Dependence Structure ◽  
Type I ◽  
Copula Parameter

In this paper, we developed an empirical evaluation of four estimation procedures for the dependence parameter of the Gumbel-Barnett copula obtained from a Gumbel type I distribution. We used the maximum likelihood, moments and Bayesian methods and studied the performance of the estimates, assuming three dependence levels and 20 different sample sizes. For each method and scenario, a simulation study was conducted with 1000 runs and the quality of the estimator was evaluated using four different criteria. A Bayesian estimator assuming a Beta(a,b) as prior distribution, showed the best performance regardless the sample size and the dependence structure.

Self- and Parent-Rated Quality of Life of a Treatment Naïve Sample of Children With ADHD: The Impact of Age, Gender, Type of ADHD, and Comorbid Psychiatric Conditions According to Both a Categorical and a Dimensional Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 721-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyöngyvér Dallos ◽  
Mónika Miklósi ◽  
Ágnes Keresztény ◽  
Szabina Velő ◽  
Dóra Szentiványi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Mood And Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the Quality of Life (QoL) of treatment naïve children with ADHD. Method: Data from 178 parent–child dyads were analyzed using multiple regression to assess the relationships between QoL, and characteristics of ADHD and comorbid psychopathology. Results: Lower self-reported QoL was associated with female gender, higher age, more symptoms of anxiety and trauma-related disorders in dimensional approach, and with the comorbid diagnoses of trauma-related disorders and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)/conduct disorder (CD) in categorical approach. Lower parent-reported QoL was related to older age and increasing number of symptoms of mood and anxiety disorders on one hand, and any diagnosis of mood and anxiety disorders and ODD/CD on the other. Conclusion: Our results draw the attention to the importance of taking into account age, gender, and both self- and parent reports when measuring QoL of children with ADHD and both dimensional and categorical approaches should be used.

Quality over Quantity: A Lineage-Survival Strategy of Elite Families in Premodern Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-61
Author(s):  
Sangkuk Lee ◽  
Jong Hee Park
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Survival Strategy ◽  
Family Resources ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Multiple Generations ◽  
Related Family ◽  
Collective Goal ◽  
Korean Families ◽  
Stratification System

In this article, we study social mobility across multiple generations in premodern Korea. Using two extant oldest family records, jokbo, we construct a prospective genealogical microdata containing the entire records of public offices and reproduction over five generations of the two elite family lineages in premodern Korea. We argue that the confluence of an ambiguous stratification system with a limited number of high-ranking offices generated a trade-off for parents between the quantity and quality of positions attained by their offspring. The result of the trade-off was unequal distributions of mobility-related family resources to maximize the lineage’s collective goal, rather than to maximize individual children’s social ranks. Using a novel empirical strategy to consider the heterogeneous resource-allocation within elite families, we present empirical evidence on associations between parents’ and grandparents’ social ranks and quality of offices achieved by children of elite Korean families.

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