Quality over Quantity: A Lineage-Survival Strategy of Elite Families in Premodern Korea

In this article, we study social mobility across multiple generations in premodern Korea. Using two extant oldest family records, jokbo, we construct a prospective genealogical microdata containing the entire records of public offices and reproduction over five generations of the two elite family lineages in premodern Korea. We argue that the confluence of an ambiguous stratification system with a limited number of high-ranking offices generated a trade-off for parents between the quantity and quality of positions attained by their offspring. The result of the trade-off was unequal distributions of mobility-related family resources to maximize the lineage’s collective goal, rather than to maximize individual children’s social ranks. Using a novel empirical strategy to consider the heterogeneous resource-allocation within elite families, we present empirical evidence on associations between parents’ and grandparents’ social ranks and quality of offices achieved by children of elite Korean families.

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A time trade-off method for eliciting partner's quality-of-life due to patient's heath states in prostate cancer

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e636742011-059 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Anirban Basu ◽

William Dale ◽

Arthur Elstein

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Prostate Cancer ◽

Trade Off

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Social Investment and Childcare Expansion

10.1093/oso/9780198790488.003.0010 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Margarita León

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Early Childhood Education ◽

Perfect Match ◽

Preschool Education ◽

Conceptual Level ◽

Social Investment ◽

Trade Off ◽

Childhood Education ◽

Education And Care

The chapter first examines at a conceptual level the links between theories of social investment and childcare expansion. Although ‘the perfect match’ between the two is often taken for granted in the specialized literature as well as in policy papers, it is here argued that a more nuance approach that ‘unpacks’ this relationship is needed. The chapter will then look for elements of variation in early childhood education and care (ECEC) expansion. Despite an increase in spending over the last two decades in many European and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, wide variation still exists in the way in which ECEC develops. A trade-off is often observed between coverage and quality of provision. A crucial dividing line that determines, to a large extent, the quality of provision in ECEC is the increasing differentiation between preschool education for children aged 3 and above and childcare for younger children.

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UBAR

ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems ◽

10.1145/3441644 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Elham Shamsa ◽

Alma Pröbstl ◽

Nima TaheriNejad ◽

Anil Kanduri ◽

Samarjit Chakraborty ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resource Management ◽

Quality Of Experience ◽

State Of The Art ◽

State Of Charge ◽

User Preference ◽

Management Approach ◽

High Quality ◽

Trade Off ◽

Run Time

Smartphone users require high Battery Cycle Life (BCL) and high Quality of Experience (QoE) during their usage. These two objectives can be conflicting based on the user preference at run-time. Finding the best trade-off between QoE and BCL requires an intelligent resource management approach that considers and learns user preference at run-time. Current approaches focus on one of these two objectives and neglect the other, limiting their efficiency in meeting users’ needs. In this article, we present UBAR, User- and Battery-aware Resource management, which considers dynamic workload, user preference, and user plug-in/out pattern at run-time to provide a suitable trade-off between BCL and QoE. UBAR personalizes this trade-off by learning the user’s habits and using that to satisfy QoE, while considering battery temperature and State of Charge (SOC) pattern to maximize BCL. The evaluation results show that UBAR achieves 10% to 40% improvement compared to the existing state-of-the-art approaches.

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Diagnostic Capabilities of a Smartphone- Based Low-Cost Microscope

Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.1515/cdbme-2020-3134 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 522-525

Author(s):

Dorina Hasselbeck ◽

Max B. Schäfer ◽

Kent W. Stewart ◽

Peter P. Pott

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Field Of View ◽

Parasitic Diseases ◽

Optical Parameters ◽

Trade Off ◽

Resource Limited ◽

Wide Range ◽

Diagnostic Applications ◽

Diagnostic Capabilities

AbstractMicroscopy enables fast and effective diagnostics. However, in resource-limited regions microscopy is not accessible to everyone. Smartphone-based low-cost microscopes could be a powerful tool for diagnostic and educational purposes. In this paper, the imaging quality of a smartphone-based microscope with four different optical parameters is presented and a systematic overview of the resulting diagnostic applications is given. With the chosen configuration, aiming for a reasonable trade-off, an average resolution of 1.23 μm and a field of view of 1.12 mm2 was achieved. This enables a wide range of diagnostic applications such as the diagnosis of Malaria and other parasitic diseases.

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Subjective social mobility, quality of life and mental health of asylum seekers/refugees in Germany

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.832 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

D Costa ◽

L Biddle ◽

C Mühling ◽

K Bozorgmehr

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Mental Health ◽

Social Status ◽

Social Mobility ◽

Asylum Seekers ◽

Country Of Origin ◽

Subjective Social Status ◽

Downward Mobility ◽

Asylum Seekers And Refugees

Abstract Background Changes in the subjective social status (SSS) of migrants, specifically between the pre- and post-migratory movement, can be a relevant determinant of their mental health condition. This study analyzed the effect of downward subjective social mobility to the mental health of asylum seekers and refugees (ASR) in Germany. Methods Through a random sampling procedure, 560 adult ASR (18+ years) were recruited across 58 collective accommodation centers in Germanys' 3rd largest state (2018). SSS was assessed with the MacArthur social ladder (10-rungs), in reference to the participants' position in the country of origin and in Germany. Quality of Life (QoL, measured with EUROHIS-QOL), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder-2) and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-2), were considered as mental health outcomes. Generalized linear regression models were fitted to measure associations between changes in SSS and each outcome. Results A loss of 3 or more steps in SSS from origin to Germany (compared to no-change) was significantly associated with poorer scores in QoL (B, standardized coefficient= -2.679, standard error, se = 1.351, p = 0.047), with more symptoms of depression (B = 1.156, se = 0.389, p = 0.003) and anxiety (B = 0.971, se = 0.432, p = 0.025), in models adjusted for SSS in the country of origin. The strength and direction of associations was unaltered after further adjusting for sex, age, educational level and time since arrival, although the coefficient for QoL was non-significant for those declaring a 3-step downward mobility (B= -2.494, se = 1.351, p = 0.066 for QoL; B = 1.048, se = 0.393, p = 0.008 for depression; and B = 1.006, se = 0.438, p = 0.022 for anxiety). Discussion The results suggest that interventions should focus on those experiencing social downward mobility and not only prioritize individuals with low social status. Early integration efforts and intersectoral measures to counter social downward mobility could prevent poor mental health among ASR. Key messages We analysed the impact to the quality of life and mental health of asylum seekers and refugees, of a change in subjective social status from country of origin to Germany. Asylum seekers and refugees residing in Germany, who perceived a downward social status mobility following their migration process, are at risk for poorer mental health.

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By Slow Degrees: Two Centuries of Social Reproduction and Mobility in Britain

Sociological Research Online ◽

10.5153/sro.1493 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 37-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Paul Lambert ◽

Kenneth Prandy ◽

Wendy Bottero

Keyword(s):

Social Mobility ◽

Social Reproduction ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Time Frame ◽

Quality Of Data ◽

Term Change ◽

Parental Background ◽

Long Term Trends

This paper discusses long term trends in patterns of intergenerational social mobility in Britain. We argue that there is convincing empirical evidence of a small but steady linear trend towards increasing social mobility throughout the period 1800-2004. Our conclusions are based upon the construction and analysis of an extended micro-social dataset, which combines records from an historical genealogical study, with responses from 31 sample surveys conducted over the period 1963-2004. There has been much previous study of trends in social mobility, and little consensus on their nature. We argue that this dissension partly results from the very slow pace of change in mobility rates, which makes the time-frame of any comparison crucial, and raises important methodological questions about how long-term change in mobility is best measured. We highlight three methodological difficulties which arise when trying to draw conclusions over mobility trends - concerning the extent of controls for life course effects; the quality of data resources; and the measurement of stratification positions. After constructing a longitudinal dataset which attempts to confront these difficulties, our analyses provide robust evidence which challenges hitherto more popular, politicised claims of declining or unchanging mobility. By contrast, our findings suggest that Britain has moved, and continues to move, steadily towards increasing equality in the relationship between occupational attainment and parental background.

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Measuring melasma patients' quality of life using willingness to pay and time trade-off methods in thai population

BMC Dermatology ◽

10.1186/1471-5945-11-16 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Charussri Leeyaphan ◽

Rungsima Wanitphakdeedecha ◽

Woraphong Manuskiatti ◽

Kanokvalai Kulthanan

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Willingness To Pay ◽

Thai Population ◽

Trade Off

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Multi-criteria Web Services Selection: Balancing the Quality of Design and Quality of Service

ACM Transactions on Internet Technology ◽

10.1145/3446388 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 1-31

Author(s):

Marwa Daaji ◽

Ali Ouni ◽

Mohamed Mohsen Gammoudi ◽

Salah Bouktif ◽

Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Service ◽

Web Services ◽

Web Service ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Service Selection ◽

Service Design ◽

Design Quality ◽

Trade Off ◽

Selection Approach

Web service composition allows developers to create applications via reusing available services that are interoperable to each other. The process of selecting relevant Web services for a composite service satisfying the developer requirements is commonly acknowledged to be hard and challenging, especially with the exponentially increasing number of available Web services on the Internet. The majority of existing approaches on Web Services Selection are merely based on the Quality of Service (QoS) as a basic criterion to guide the selection process. However, existing approaches tend to ignore the service design quality, which plays a crucial role in discovering, understanding, and reusing service functionalities. Indeed, poorly designed Web service interfaces result in service anti-patterns, which are symptoms of bad design and implementation practices. The existence of anti-pattern instances in Web service interfaces typically complicates their reuse in real-world service-based systems and may lead to several maintenance and evolution problems. To address this issue, we introduce a new approach based on the Multi-Objective and Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis method (MOORA) as a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method to select Web services based on a combination of their (1) QoS attributes and (2) QoS design. The proposed approach aims to help developers to maintain the soundness and quality of their service composite development processes. We conduct a quantitative and qualitative empirical study to evaluate our approach on a Quality of Web Service dataset. We compare our MOORA-based approach against four commonly used MCDM methods as well as a recent state-of-the-art Web service selection approach. The obtained results show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art approaches by significantly improving the service selection quality of top- k selected services while providing the best trade-off between both service design quality and desired QoS values. Furthermore, we conducted a qualitative evaluation with developers. The obtained results provide evidence that our approach generates a good trade-off for what developers need regarding both QoS and quality of design. Our selection approach was evaluated as “relevant” from developers point of view, in improving the service selection task with an average score of 3.93, compared to an average of 2.62 for the traditional QoS-based approach.

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College Rankings: Creating an Equitable Model of Transformation and Institutional Effectiveness

Journal of Working-Class Studies ◽

10.13001/jwcs.v4i1.6193 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 79-97

Author(s):

Allison Hurst

Keyword(s):

Social Mobility ◽

Alternative Model ◽

Institutional Effectiveness ◽

Economic Returns ◽

Sat Scores ◽

Relative Lack ◽

Ranking Systems ◽

Working Class Students ◽

Effectiveness Data

Colleges that serve working-class students show up poorly in traditional rankings of US colleges. Without appropriate outcome measures, measures of ‘quality’ of inputs drive most current ranking systems. The trouble is that quality is often just a measure of pre-existing privilege (e.g., selectivity, average SAT scores). In this article, I demonstrate the viability of a model that uses economic returns data while factoring in the relative lack of privilege of students attending any particular institution as a way of ranking that institution’s transformative efficacy and institutional effectiveness. The model was then tested on a diverse sample of 655 US colleges and universities for whom reliable economic returns and institutional effectiveness data are available. Unlike widely used rankings models, this proposed alternative model can distinguish between reproducing privilege (high economic returns as expected, low defaults, timely year to degree and fewer incompleters) and facilitating social mobility (higher returns and persistence than would be expected given the incoming characteristics of students). The article concludes with a discussion of the uses to which such a model could be best put.

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