Geothermal

2020 ◽  
pp. 363-402
Author(s):  
Paul F. Meier
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Enhanced Geothermal System ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

Geothermal energy is heat taken from below the surface of the earth in the form of either steam or hot water. This energy can be used to generate electricity, but also has use in heating and cooling homes and some direct uses, such as gold mining, food dehydration, and milk pasteurizing. There are four basic types of geothermal power plants including steam, flash, binary, and enhanced geothermal system (EGS). The first three rely on permeable aquifers that have water flowing through them such that hot water or steam can be extracted. EGS, however, extracts heat from deep in the earth by injecting water and creating artificial fractures in the rock. A great deal of the world’s potential for geothermal energy exists in the so-called Ring of Fire, a ring of volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean.

2. The peopling of the earth

2015 ◽  
pp. 12-28
Author(s):  
Stewart A. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Homo Erectus ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Rift Valleys

When did exploration begin and who were the first explorers? ‘The peopling of the earth ’ shows that the deep origins of exploration are inseparable from the long process of the peopling of the earth that began between one and two million years ago, with the migration of Homo erectus out of the East Africa rift valleys. It considers the Polynesian seafaring people whose remarkable exploratory oceanic migration resulted in settlements and cultural exchange around and across the Pacific Ocean. The maritime exploration of the Norse reached Iceland, Greenland, and Newfoundland. The global circle of humanity closed, and the first of history's two big stories, that of human divergence, ended, and the second, that of human convergence, began.

A Royal Society appointment with Venus in 1769: the voyage of Cook and Banks in the Endeavour In 1768-1771 and its botanical results

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-90 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Set Up ◽  
George Iii ◽  
Made In

A little over two hundred years ago a number of serious and learned men in Copenhagen, London, Paris, St Petersbourg, Stockholm and elsewhere, men who were academicians, Fellows of the Royal Society, Lords of the Admiralty, politicians and the like, had been thinking seriously and learnedly about the behaviour of Venus, not, of course, about Venus as represented coldly and chastely by the marble statues being imported from Italy or more warmly in the paintings of Boucher and his contemporaries, but about her far distant planet which was calculated to pass across the disk of the Sun in 1769 and not to make another such transit until 1874. Observations of the 1769 transit at widely separated stations would provide, it was hoped, the means of calculating the distance of the Earth from the Sun. The Royal Society in London, having set up in November 1767 a sub-committee ‘to consider the places proper to observe the coming Transit of Venus’ and other particulars relevant to the same, presented a memorial to King George III outlining possible benefits to science and navigation from observations made in the Pacific Ocean and received in return the promise of £4000 and a suitable ship provided by the Royal Navy (8).

Pacific Solidarity and Atomic Aggression

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Avenell
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Industrial Pollution ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Mariana Trench ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Ocean Dumping

This chapter traces the emergence and evolution of a transnational movement opposing the planned dumping of Japanese radioactive waste material in the Pacific Ocean near the Mariana Trench. With its growing stockpile of radioactive waste from nuclear power plants, in the 1970s Japanese officials hatched plans to dump radioactive material in steel canisters in the Pacific. In response, activists on islands in Micronesia mobilized in staunch opposition in the late 1970s. They were joined by Japanese antinuclear groups who brought Pacific activists to Japan to give speeches and lobby officials. The chapter explores how this transnational struggle was able to force a postponement and ultimately the abandonment of the ocean dumping plan. As with movements opposing industrial pollution export in the 1970s, this mobilization opened Japanese activists’ eyes to the nuclear victimization of Pacific peoples and, in turn, forced a reconsideration of Japan as the only victim of radiation worldwide.

scholarly journals An Indo-Pacific see-saw wobbles the Earth at intraseasonal timescales

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Afroosa ◽  
B Rohith ◽  
Arya Paul ◽  
Fabien Durand ◽  
Romain Bourdallé-Badie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Pacific Basin ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

Abstract Strong large-scale winds can relay their energy to the ocean bottom and elicit an almost immediate intraseasonal barotropic (depth independent) response in the ocean. The intense winds associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), over the tropical interface between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean (popularly known as Maritime Continent) generate significant basin-wide intraseasonal barotropic sea level variability in the tropical Indian Ocean. Here we show, using an ocean general circulation model and a network of in-situ bottom pressure recorders, that the concerted barotropic response of the Indian and the Pacific Ocean to these winds leads to an intraseasonal see-saw of oceanic mass in the Indo-Pacific basin. This global-scale mass shift is unexpectedly fast, as we show that the mass field of the entire Indo-Pacific basin is dynamically adjusted to MJO in a few days. We also explain how this near-global-scale MJO-induced oceanic phenomenon is the first signature from a climate mode that can be isolated into the Earth polar axis motion, in particular during the strong see-saw of early 2013.

Guam and Micronesia

2006 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Yukiko Inoue ◽  
Suzanne Bell
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Isthmus Of Panama ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

Pacific means “peaceful.” Ferdinand Magellan named it when he became the first European to sail across the ocean in 1521. Since it was so calm, he called it the Pacific Ocean. Magellan never saw one of the Pacific typhoons. A few years before Magellan, a Spanish explorer named Balboa was the first European to see the ocean when he walked across the Isthmus of Panama. Since he was facing south, he named the ocean the South Seas. Actually, most of the ocean was to the west of him. If you look at a globe of the Earth, you will notice that the Pacific Ocean is the single largest feature on Earth. All other oceans and all continents are smaller than the Pacific. (Ridgell, 1995, p. 3)

On the Pacific Ocean regime shift

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (19) ◽  
pp. 3721-3724
Author(s):  
Cathy Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Regime Shift ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean
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