Foreign Affairs
A speculative and unstable credit boom occurred in overseas markets during the 1920s, as universal banks and private investment banks competed aggressively to sell more than $12 billion of foreign bonds to U.S. investors. The resulting surge in overseas lending left many governments and private sector borrowers in Central and Eastern Europe and Latin America in a dangerously exposed position when U.S. investors lost their appetite for foreign bonds at the end of the 1920s. Universal banks and investment banks sold many unsound foreign bonds to unsophisticated and trusting American investors. The massive sales of risky domestic and foreign securities by universal banks and investment banks had highly adverse effects on the U.S. economy, foreign economies, and investors when the domestic and overseas financing booms abruptly ended following the stock market crash in late 1929.