The Self and Others

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry O. Maier
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Hierarchical Models ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Physical World ◽  
The Self ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Intertestamental Literature ◽  
Health And Sickness

The chapter contrasts ancient and modern views of the self through attention to physiological theories, lists of virtues and vices, and emphasis on social relations. It describes the medical theories of Hippocrates and Galen and their theories of the four humors to account for health and sickness. It treats ancient physiological theories of male and female gender, including their formation and their place in hierarchical models of the physical world and the self. It considers the emphasis on self-mastery and virtue in the creation of the self. It describes differing understandings of the self as found in Platonism, Aristotelianism, Stoicism, and Epicureanism. It discusses various Jewish models of the self as found in Philo, intertestamental literature, and Qumran, as well as the concept of evil inclination (yēșer) in intertestamental writings, the New Testament, and early Christian writings. It describes Paul’s unsystematic presentation of the self, its creation, and its preservation through ritual and daily practices.

The Question as to Why We Have to Live Out the Agony of Our Epoch and its Fundamental Un-Answerability

Symposion ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-138
Author(s):  
Rajesh Sampath ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Human Freedom ◽  
The Self ◽  
First Century ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Christian Proclamation

This paper excavates certain impulses that are buried in Pierre Klossowski’s 1968 edition of his original 1947 work, Sade My Neighbor. We argue that the self-suffocating nature of our historical present reveals the problem of an epochal threshold: in which twenty-first century democracy itself is threatened with death and violence in delusional neofascist attempts at national self-preservation. This speaks to a deeper enigma of time, epochal shifts, and the mystery of historical time; but it does so in a manner that escapes classical problems in the philosophy of history. Rather, by returning to Klossowski’s late 1940s and late 1960s contexts while reoccupying the New Testament question of Jesus’s foresakeness on the Cross, we unravel a series of paradoxes and aporias that attempt to deepen metaphysical problems of time, death, and the sovereign autonomy of human freedom and existence. Ultimately the paper concludes by offering certain speculative philosophical constructions on why today’s self-cannibalization of democracy has its roots in unresolved tensions that span these two poles: a.) the primordial secret of early Christian proclamation of Jesus’s death and b.) the post-Christian Sadean experiment of a philosophical revolution that was doomed to implode when the valorization of pain, suffering, and death fails to fill the vacuum left behind by atheism.

New Testament Christianity in the Roman World

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry O. Maier
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
The Social ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Context Specific

The book explores the social contexts of New Testament writings from Acts onward, along with other relevant Jewish and Christian literature. Moving from large to increasingly smaller spheres, the study examines how at each level beliefs and practices related to the gods and the cosmos, the empire, the city, and the household shaped a shifting and context-specific Christian faith and a set of affiliated identities. In each case, the discussion considers intersections with the New Testament and other early Christian and Jewish literature. The introduction discusses theories of canon formation, the history of the Roman Empire relevant to New Testament study, and the concept of lived religion as a means to understand ancient Christianity. Chapter 2 discusses the gods, sacrifices, festivals, divine epithets, temple architecture, magic, neighborhood religion, demonology, pagan and Christian ritual, and Greco-Roman and Jewish views of the cosmos. Chapter 3 examines the empire’s political and administrative structure, urbanization, taxation, nomenclature, patronage, and emperor worship. Chapter 4 treats the organization and governance of cities, liturgies, urban demography, poverty, mortality, economic production, trade associations, and integration of Jews in city life. Chapter 5 considers terms and definitions of the ancient household and family; architecture; domestic rituals; rites of passage; slavery and manumission; expectations of men, women, children, and slaves; funerary practices; and fictive kinship. Chapter 6 discusses the self; the social constitution of identity; physiological understandings of the body; Greco-Roman gender construction; philosophical theories concerning the interrelationship of body, soul, and ethics; and Jewish and early Christian conceptualizations of the self.

scholarly journals Predictors of Self-Concept in Elementary School Pupils

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejana Bouillet ◽  
Renata Miljević-Riđički
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Peer Relations ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
School Age ◽  
Male And Female

Research consistently shows the connection between self-concept in children and youngpeople and their social relations, which is also reflected in pupils’ attitudes towardseducation. This paper analyses how family relations, peer relations and attitudestowards education contribute to the global self-concept of male and female pupilsof 8 to 14 years of age. The research was conducted by using an extended versionof the Questionnaire for Planning Social-pedagogic Interventions. The researchsample consisted of 3,335 pupils from 43 Croatian elementary schools. This studyexamines the hypothesis on differences in self-concept predictors between male andfemale elementary school pupils, suggesting that in comparison with male pupils, theself-concept of female pupils is more dependent on social relations and the level ofengagement in education. It was established that self-concept is relatively stable forboys of 8-14 years of age while it becomes weaker among girls of 8 -14 years of age.Statistically, for both male and female pupils, self-concept significantly depends on theassessment of the quality of family relations, peer relations, and the attitude of pupilstowards education. The most important self-concept predictor among male pupilsis their relationship with their peers, and among female pupils it is family relations.In addition, relationships with significant others and attitudes towards educationcontribute more strongly to the self-concept of female pupils than it does with theirmale peers.Keywords: attitude towards education; family relations; peer relations; significantothers in school age

The Missing Rhetorical History Between Quintilian and Augustine

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-376
Author(s):  
Mike Duncan
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Early Christianity ◽  
Classical Rhetoric ◽  
Rhetorical History ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Christian Thought ◽  
Rhetorical Force ◽  
Apostolic Church

Current histories of rhetoric neglect the early Christian period (ca. 30–430 CE) in several crucial ways–Augustine is overemphasized and made to serve as a summary of Christian thought rather than an endpoint, the texts of church fathers before 300 CE are neglected or lumped together, and the texts of the New Testament are left unexamined. An alternative outline of early Christian rhetoric is offered, explored through the angles of political self-invention, doctrinal ghostwriting, apologetics, and fractured sermonization. Early Christianity was not a monolithic religion that eventually made peace with classical rhetoric, but as a rhetorical force in its own right, and comprised of more factions early on than just the apostolic church.

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN READING PREFERENCE: EVIDENCE FROM A MOBILE PHONE PLATFORM

Mousaion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Kelly De Villiers ◽  
Johann Louw ◽  
Colin Tredoux
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
South African ◽  
The Self ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reading Preference ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
Proxy Measure ◽  
Poor Communities

Two studies were conducted to investigate gender differences in a sample of young South African readers from poor communities. In the first study, the self-reported reading preferences of 2 775 readers on a mobile phone platform supplied by the FunDza Literacy Trust were surveyed. Both male and female readers indicated that they liked four genres in particular: romance, drama, non- fiction, and stories with specific South African content. There were nevertheless some differences, such as that a higher percentage of males liked stories involving sport. The second study examined the unique FunDza site visits made by readers, as a proxy measure of what they actually were reading. Four genres stood out: romance, drama, biography, and action/adventure. Again the similarity between male and female readers was noticeable, although many more females than males read content on the site.

The Origins of Christian Hell

Numen ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 282-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris Kyrtatas
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
The New Testament

The paper re-examines the evidence concerning the early Christian conceptions of punishment of sinners in the afterlife. It commences with the New Testament and the ideas attributed to Jesus and moves on to the apocryphal Apocalypse of Peter , composed about a generation later, which enjoyed great popularity among several early Christian circles and was seriously considered for inclusion in the New Testament canon. It is claimed that as it now reads, Apoc. Pet. advances ideas about hell that sharply contrast those presented in the New Testament. To solve this riddle, it is proposed that the Apoc. Pet. , as it has been preserved, was reorganized at a much later stage to meet the needs of the developing Church. Its original meaning was consequently twisted almost beyond recognition. In its earliest layers, the apocryphal document appears to have been mostly concerned, just like the New Testament, with salvation rather than everlasting chastisement.

Kann man die neutestamentlichen Briefe der Gattung „Apostelbrief“ zuordnen?

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-250
Author(s):  
Bärbel Bosenius
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
The New Testament

During the last 40 years New Testament scholarship did not apply the term “apostolic letter” consistently. All early Christian letters and only the New Testament or Pauline respectively Deutero-Pauline letters were called “apostolic letters” by New Testament scholars. Since the term from the sources ἀπόστολος in the undisputed Pauline letters refers to Paul’s function as founder of early Christian communities but not to his function as their leader, New Testament scholars should avoid the misleading term “apostolic letter.” Within the corpus of New Testament letters one should rather differentiate between “kerygmatic letters,” “pseudepigraphic Pauline letters” and “early Christian Diaspora letters.”

scholarly journals Salvific Dissolution: The Mystery of the Betrayal between the New Testament and theGospel of Judas

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Jonathan Cahana
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Gospel Of Judas

The recently discoveredGospel of Judashas created much controversy among scholars. While it is clear that Judas is liable for Jesus' crucifixion in this text, it is much debated whether his actions should be understood positively or negatively. This article suggests that focusing on how theGospel of Judasevaluates the salvific meaning of Jesus' crucifixion alongside the New Testament gospels and other early Christian writings may provide a key for solving this problem. In this way, theGospel of Judascan be seen as a rare attempt to unravel what Irenaeus aptly termed ‘the mystery of the betrayal’.

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