Coaching

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Disability ◽  
Disability Sport ◽  
Effective Coaching ◽  
Athletes With Disabilities ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Training ◽  
Sport Coaching

The purpose of this chapter is to examine research on disability sport coaching. Many athletes with disabilities receive no or very minimal coaching, although elite athletes (e.g., Paralympians) from wealthy countries usually have the benefit of good coaching during the Paralympics and at national training camps. The chapter first documents the history of coaching in disability sport and notes some negative outcomes of self-coaching. Coaches’ attitudes toward disability sport are addressed, which are mostly positive but colored by inexperience, a lack of knowledge about disability conditions, and how various impairments influence sport performance. Coaches face various challenges, such as trying to understand when impairments hamper training or when inadequate training might be the result of fatigue, lack of skill or knowledge, or lack of effort. Positive athlete outcomes stemming from effective coaching are discussed. such as reduced anxiety and enhanced confidence. Finally, effective disability sport coaching practices are reviewed.

scholarly journals Resting energy expenditure in elite athletes: development of new predictive equations based on anthropometric variables and bioelectrical impedance analysis derived phase angle

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Marra ◽  
Olivia Di Vincenzo ◽  
Iolanda Cioffi ◽  
Rosa Sammarco ◽  
Delia Morlino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Phase Angle ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Predictive Equations ◽  
Good Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Resting Energy

Abstract Background An accurate estimation of athletes’ energy needs is crucial in diet planning to improve sport performance and to maintain an appropriate body composition. This study aimed to develop and validate in elite athletes new equations for estimating resting energy expenditure (REE) based on anthropometric parameters as well as bioimpedance analysis (BIA)-derived raw variables and to validate the accuracy of selected predictive equations. Methods Adult elite athletes aged 18–40 yrs were studied. Anthropometry, indirect calorimetry and BIA were performed in all subjects. The new predictive equations were generated using different regression models. The accuracy of the new equations was assessed at the group level (bias) and at the individual level (precision accuracy), and then compared with the one of five equations used in the general population or three athletes-specific formulas. Results One-hundred and twenty-six male athletes (age 26.9 ± 9.1 yrs; weight 71.3 ± 10.9 kg; BMI 22.8 ± 2.7 kg/m2) from different sport specialties were randomly assigned to the calibration (n = 75) or validation group (n = 51). REE was directly correlated with individual characteristics, except for age, and raw BIA variables. Most of the equations from the literature were reasonably accurate at the population level (bias within ±5%). The new equations showed a mean bias −0.3% (Eq. A based on anthropometric parameters) and −0.6% (Eq. B based on BIA-derived raw variables). Precision accuracy (individual predicted-measured differences within ±5%) was ~75% in six out of eight of the selected equations and even higher for Eq. A (82.4%) and Eq. B (92.2%). Conclusion In elite athletes, BIA-derived phase angle is a significant predictor of REE. The new equations have a very good prediction accuracy at both group and individual levels. The use of phase angle as predictor of REE requires further research with respect to different sport specialties, training programs and training level.

scholarly journals THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE PROMOTION OF ELITE DISABILITY SPORT: A WORLDWIDE ANALYSIS

2018 ◽  
pp. 119-138
Author(s):  
Jaime Prieto ◽  
Juan L. Paramio-Salcines
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Disability Sport ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Athletes With Disabilities ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The United Nations

Little attention has been focused on the analysis of the interrelation between disability and elite disability sport from the human rights perspective as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) demands of those countries that ratified this global regulation. More than a decade since its promulgation in December 2006, the United Nations itself and a plethora of authors recognises that disability in general and disability sport by extension has not yet been seen as a human rights issue in many countries, principally in developing countries. This paper is divided into four main parts. First, academic literature in relation to disability, human rights policy and sport at elite level is explored. Second, it examines the active role of the International Paralympic Committee, regarded as a major advocate for the rights of the sport promotion of athletes with disabilities, to implement the Convention by the organisation of sports events for Paralympic athletes worldwide at all levels of the sport development continuum. Third, it explains the methods and data collection followed in the study and the following section presents results of the analysis. Finally, it draws an international scenario that might be valuable in informing academics, institutions and professionals to promote elite disability sport from the human rights perspective.

scholarly journals The connection between academic and athletic performance among elite university student athletes

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Andrea Lenténé Puskás
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Division Iii ◽  
Sport Type ◽  
Jel Code ◽  
High Level ◽  
Or Team ◽  
The University

Athletes in higher education are not only expected to produce high level performance but to find the balance between the preparation for post-athletic life and the requirements of the university. The objective of this study is to explore the connections between academic performance and level of sport. Also, to elaborate on the role of relevant policy regulations and institutional support that help elite athletes meet academic requirements. Data collection was conducted by means of online questionnaires involving athletes receiving sport scholarships at the University of Debrecen (N=159). The data from questionnaires were processed by using SPSS 18. Version software. For data analyse four groups were extracted based on level of sport performance and involvement: international elite, division I, division II, division III. The results indicate that the academic performance on the two international elite of sport did not differ from the average, and that these athletes did not experience any difficulties earning course credits at the university while being engaged in doing sport. In most cases, elite athletes did not apply for the various kind of support instruments, thus, they are able to balance athletic preparation and academic requirements without supportive modifications of university policies. The results also shed light on the fact that the academic performance does not only depend on the level of sport and the chosen major at the university, but it is also influenced by the time devoted to study and training, and the sport type (individual or team sport). There are differences observed between athletes participating in individual or team sport concerning the general average of grades, the effectiveness of earning credits, the number of weekly training, as well as the time devoted to training in preparatory and competitive periods. According to the results, the various amount of time devoted to study or sport does not necessarily result in academic performance decline. In addition, results support that athletes do keep academic studies rather important and they are aware that university years are considered to be a significant period in preparation for post-athletic life. JEL code: Z20

scholarly journals Differences in the Psychological Profiles of Elite and Non-elite Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Mitić ◽  
Jasmina Nedeljković ◽  
Željka Bojanić ◽  
Mirjana Franceško ◽  
Ivana Milovanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Future Time Perspective ◽  
National Team ◽  
Talent Selection ◽  
Positive Time ◽  
Negative Time

One of the main goals of sport psychology is to identify those psychological factors that are relevant for sport performance as well as possibilities of their development. The aim of the study was to determine whether the set of specific psychological characteristics [generalized self-efficacy, time perspective, emotional intelligence (EI), general achievement motivation, and personality dimensions] makes the distinction between athletes based on their (non)-participation in the senior national team, that is, their belonging to the subsample of elite or non-elite athletes depending on this criterion. According to the group centroids it can be said that elite athletes are characterized by a positive high score in self-efficacy, emotionality, present fatalistic time perspective, past positive time perspective, and openness to experience. They are also characterized by low past negative time perspective, emotional competence, and future time perspective. Non-elite athletes have the opposite traits. The results have been discussed in the context of their application in the process of talent selection and development in sport as well as the development of life skills in athletes.

Disability sport coaching

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
Chris Cushion ◽  
Tabo Huntley ◽  
Robert Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Disability Sport ◽  
Sport Coaching

Performance Enhancement

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Psychological Skills Training ◽  
Disability Sport ◽  
Athletes With Disabilities ◽  
Training Quality ◽  
And Performance

Athletes with disabilities can perform more consistently and come closer to their potential if they maximize their mental skills as well as their physical skills. The purpose of this chapter is to present of humanistic developmental model of psychological skills training and an examination of disability sport psychology research on psychological skills. A humanistic developmental model prioritizes both athlete performance and well-being as they are viewed as complementary goals that exert a bidirectional influence on each other. In this model foundational factors, psychological skills and qualities, psychological methods, and facilitative and debilitative factors are seen as relatively distinct categories. Researchers have supported the importance of foundational factors, as reported in other chapters. Researchers have also supported the value of imagery and self-talk as methods to enhance confidence, motivation, and psychological skills, which in turn are positively related to performance. A host of facilitative and debilitative factors in disability sport also influence training quality and performance.

Research Issues

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
American Psychological Association ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Exercise Psychology ◽  
American Psychological ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Disability Sport ◽  
Sport Competition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Sport And Exercise

There are a number of research-related issues unique to the world of disability that most sport and exercise psychology researchers may be unfamiliar with. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss four of those issues. First is the use of language and, in particular, the pros and cons of using the term disabled person in contrast to person with a disability. Many disability activists argue for the former whereas the American Psychological Association advocates for the later. Terms such as disability sport, adapted sport, and parasport are also discussed and how researchers have interpreted and supported some terms over others. The chapter also briefly traces the history of disability sport and exercise psychology research and the academic disciplines that have built the knowledge base. In addition, the arguments of some authors that able-bodied researchers should not conduct research with individuals with disabilities are examined and refuted. Finally, the thinking behind why some disability activists are critical of a prominent disability sport competition, the Paralympics, is explained.

Coaching and Coach Education in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Milistetd ◽  
Pierre Trudel ◽  
Isabel Mesquita ◽  
Juarez Vieira do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Education System ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Coach Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
International Sport ◽  
Sport Coaches ◽  
Education In Brazil ◽  
Sport Coaching

In Brazil, contrary to the situation in many countries, sport coaching at all levels is considered a profession. Following a law passed by the government, those who want to coach are required to earn a university diploma called a ‘Bachelor in Physical Education’. This bachelor’s degree prepares future professionals to work in any of the following areas: health, leisure, and sport performance. Because universities have some fexibility regarding the courses that they offer and can also focus on one or any combination of the three aforementioned areas, we cannot assume that graduate students have acquired the same knowledge and developed the same competencies. Therefore, a broad inquiry of what is provided by different universities was needed to create a picture of the curriculum that future sport coaches will experience. In an effort to situate the Brazilian coaching and coach education system within a worldwide perspective, the data collected are interpreted using the International Sport Coaching Framework (ISCF).

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