The “Dark Side” of the EMP?

Capital Women ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
Jan Luiten
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Institutional Diversity ◽  
Top Down ◽  
European Nuclear ◽  
Nuclear Household ◽  
Contrary Direction

This chapter addresses several issues, with the aim of refining and reorienting the debate about the nuclear hardship hypothesis. Several indicators show that the primacy of the European nuclear household did not lead to more hardship; in fact, the evidence points in the contrary direction. Nor would it be fair to claim that this outcome is entirely due to top-down provisions, and in particular charity. The authors stress the institutional diversity of solutions for hardship, and focus on one particular group in society, the elderly. They demonstrate that the elderly had more “agency” than usually expected and that a combination of institutional arrangements, besides the top-down provisions, in which the elderly participated actively offered more resilience so as to deal with “hardship.”

The Institutional Effect

Capital Women ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 159-198
Author(s):  
Jan Luiten
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Institutional Diversity ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Institutional Effect

This chapter addresses several issues, all with the underlying intention of refining and reorienting the nuclear-hardship debate. There is a need for such reorientation, as several indicators show that the long-term outcome of this process toward a society built upon nuclear households has not led to more hardship; quite the contrary. Nor would it be fair to claim that this outcome has to be entirely due to top-down provisions, and then in particular, to charity. In this chapter the authors stress the institutional diversity of the solutions for hardship and focus on one particular group in society, namely the elderly. They demonstrate that the elderly had more “agency” than is usually expected and that a combination of institutional arrangements in addition to the top-down provisions granted the elderly more options to deal with the supposed hardship of growing old in a nuclear family structure.

scholarly journals Understanding employee responses to COVID-19: a behavioral corporate social responsibility perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Aguinis ◽  
Isabel Villamor ◽  
Kelly P. Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Meaning In Work ◽  
Human Resource Management Practices ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Behavioral Perspective

Purpose The purpose of this study is to critically synthesize and integrate conceptual and empirical research on the behavioral perspective on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and explain why it is useful and necessary, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors explain why CSR can result in both positive and negative outcomes and provide future research directions and recommendations for practice and policymaking. Design/methodology/approach This study focuses on critical literature review and synthesis. Findings CSR policies in response to COVID-19 are created by organizations but are implemented by individual employees. The way employees perceive and react to CSR actions are key determinants of CSR’s implementation and success. CSR can be embedded within or peripheral to a firm’s core functioning. While embedded CSR is linked to several positive outcomes if correctly implemented together with employees, peripheral CSR is linked to “the dark side” of CSR and can result in negative employee outcomes. Practical implications Using the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, the authors detail types of CSR actions that governments and organizations can implement and their relative effectiveness; why “one size fits all” top-down CSR does not work; how firms can use human resource management practices to re-engage employees through finding meaning in work; and the “dark side” of CSR. Social implications Using the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, the authors detail types of CSR actions that governments and organizations can implement and their relative effectiveness; why “one size fits all” top-down CSR does not work; how firms can use human resource management practices to re-engage employees through finding meaning in work; and the “dark side” of CSR. Originality/value CSR research has focused mostly on why and when firms choose to engage in CSR. A behavioral perspective on CSR facilitates, through an employee-centric conceptual framework, a deeper understanding of when and why employee reactions lead to positive and unintended negative outcomes, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The dark side of family communication: a communication model of elder abuse and neglect

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1275-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Chen Lin ◽  
Howard Giles
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
High Stress ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Verbal Aggressiveness ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Communication Approach

ABSTRACTTo further address the potential factors that lead up to elder abuse in domestic settings, this paper proposes a model from a communication approach to explain dyadic influences between the family caregiver and the elderly care receiver that give rise to the abuse. That is, dysfunctional communication between the caregivers and care receivers may, therefore, increase the likelihood of elder abuse. Grounded in Bugental and her colleagues’ work (1993, 1999, 2002) on child abuse, we propose a power-oriented communication model based, in part, on research in the fields of family violence and intergenerational communication to explain the likelihood of occurrence of elder abuse in family caregiving situations. We argue that certain risk factors pertaining to caregivers’ characteristics – those who perceive high stress in caregiving, have mental health issues, have a history of substance abuse, and/or display verbal aggressiveness – may be more likely to attribute considerable power to those elderly under their custodianship. At the same time, such caregivers tend to feel powerless and experience loss of control when interacting with their elderly counterparts. When an elderly care receiver displays noncompliant behaviors, caregivers may be prone to employ abusive behaviors (in our model, it refers to physical abuse, verbal abuse, or communication neglect) to seek such compliance. Consequences of such abuse may result in lower self-esteem or lower confidence in one's ability to manage his/her life. It is suggested that researchers and practitioners investigate both parties’ interactions closely and the role of elderly care receivers in order to detect, intervene, and prevent elder abuse.

scholarly journals Changes in Facial Recognition and Facial Expressions with Age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunwoong Ko ◽  
Kisun Kim ◽  
Minju Bae ◽  
Myo-Geong Seo ◽  
Gieun Nam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Recognition ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Facial Action Coding System ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Lower Face ◽  
Better Than

The ability to express and recognize emotion via facial expressions is well known to change with age. The present study investigated the differences in the facial recognition and facial expression of the elderly (n = 57) and the young (n = 115) and measure how each group uses different facial muscles for each emotion with Facial Action Coding System (FACS). In facial recognition task, the elderly did not recognize facial expressions better than young people and reported stronger feelings of fear and sad from photographs. In making facial expression task, the elderly rated all their facial expressions as stronger than the younger, but in fact, they expressed strong expressions in fear and anger. Furthermore, the elderly used more muscles in the lower face when making facial expressions than younger people. These results help to understand better how the facial recognition and expression of the elderly change, and show that the elderly do not effectively execute the top-down processing concerning facial expression.

scholarly journals LANDSCAPES OF CITY AND LANSIA THAT SUFFER (THE CASE OF FATHER'S SPION GLASS, HUANG YONGMEI WORK)

Bambuti ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
Hin Goan Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Big City ◽  
Rearview Mirror ◽  
The City

Abstract. City is a symbol of modernity. The revival of the Urban Fiction genre in contemporary Chinese literature is driven by writers of the 1970s. It portrays not only urban landscapes with the beauty in their works, but also exposes the souls that suffer in urban spaces. As a symbol of a modern, advanced and civilized life portrayed in Huang Yongmei's short story "Rearview Mirror", it has a dark side. Various changes that move to bring progress do not necessarily change the fate and fortune of urban people who live in it. Instead of being able to enjoy a comfortable and orderly urban space, an elderly former truck driver in the text seems to be moving back in time. Huang Yongmei, literary winner of the 7th Lu Xun literary award (2018), builds allegories about denial of the progress or modernity of today's China. The Rearview Mirror property serves as a kind of reminder of how many parts of past lives have been left behind as we go fast in the flow of change. The magnitude of the progress and the change can only be measured by constantly looking back to its rickety and worn-out past. The suffer of the city people in old age is symbolized with the scene of going backwards, as a healing therapy for the abnormal spine due to sitting behind the wheel for too long. When the city people rush over each day, this old man goes backwards. The complexity of big city problems make the elderly desperate. Widower in old age, deceived by false loyalty, habit of going back to the past have turned into a swimming backstroke. Huang Yongmei has arrived to the point of firmness by keeping the urban’s subject away from the sparkling city life that just makes the little people suffer. The Father's Rearview Mirror text asserts that the urban subject who suffers in his last days leave his hometown, for good.  

scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Project Duration of Urban Village Redevelopment in Contemporary China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 707
Author(s):  
Dinghuan Yuan ◽  
Yung Yau ◽  
Huiying (Cynthia) Hou ◽  
Yongshen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Institutional Arrangement ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Project Duration ◽  
Urban Village ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Long Time

Project duration is one of the methods to measure the efficiency of project implementation. This study identifies the factors influencing the project duration of urban village redevelopment projects (UVRPs) in China. Based on the theory of new institutional economics and behavioral economics, this study develops three hypotheses regarding the causal relationship between institutional arrangement and project duration. Statistical analysis of data on 439 UVRPs collected from seven Chinese cities revealed that projects implemented through top-down institutional arrangements were more likely to take a long time than those implemented through bottom-up institutional arrangements. Projects implemented through top-down and government funding were more efficient than those implemented through top-down and villager funding. For bottom-up projects, there was no conclusion about whether village funding or private developer funding led to shorter project duration. Other determinants, including city, project attributes and initiation year, number of households involved, size of temporary relocation fee, and methods of selecting relocated housing, calculating temporary relocation fee and calculating relocation area influenced project duration.

scholarly journals Institutional analysis of top-down regulatory: evidence from Iran local governance

Water Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad M. Kamal ◽  
Hadi Amiri ◽  
Vahid Moghadam ◽  
Dariush Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Government Intervention ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Top Down ◽  
The Game Theory ◽  
Institutional Analysis And Development ◽  
Iad Framework

Abstract Population growth, along with climate change, has exacerbated the water crisis in local communities. The simplest and quickest response of governments to such problems is direct intervention in local governance. Such solutions are usually proposed without regarding the indigenous knowledge of the local people. These also include top-down policies on water issues, which disrupt local institutional arrangements and eliminate the possibility of collective action by stakeholders in reaching an agreement. A case study of one of the water basins in Chaharmahal Bakhtiari in Iran (the Gorgak River in Sureshjan city) using an institutional analysis and development (IAD) framework shows that in the past, people acted collectively to solve the asymmetric distribution and drought problem. But government intervention, which initially sought to improve water conditions, has disrupted the region's institutional arrangements and power asymmetries between exploiters. Our study used the IAD framework to examine changes in institutional arrangements due to the introduction of technology and government intervention by the game theory. It clarifies that government intervention in local institutional arrangements, even if designed with the intention of improving conditions, may lead to greater inequality due to disregarding physical and social conditions and local knowledge. This inequality can eventually worsen the situation.

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