Inwektywa jest kobietą. Socjolingwistyczne determinanty inwektywizacji języka na przykładzie haseł protestowych ze Strajku Kobiet 2020

Invective is a woman. Sociolinguistic determinants of verbal aggressiveness on protest signs from the 2020 Women’s Strike protests in Poland. The article provides an outline of the sociolinguistic, cultural and linguistic determinants of the use of colloquialisms in the modern Polish language. 37 protest signs from the 2020 Women’s Strike in Poland with an invective meaning semantically related to specific people and organizations were analyzed. In order to analyze the similarities and differences between the presented examples, the semantic field method was used. Based on the specific characteristics of the analyzed expressions, 13 semantic microfields were distinguished. The innovativeness of the study consists in looking at the invective not only as an example of using verbal aggressiveness, but also as a peculiar wordplay which, paradoxically, may facilitate communication and relieve tension. Keywords: invectives, protest signs, Women’s Strike, linguistic picture of the world, semantic fields

TYPOLOGY OF VERBAL AGGRESSION OF prof. DOMINIC A. INFANTE: AN ATTEMPT TO PHRASEMICS ADAPTATION

The study of the phenomenon of verbal aggression is devoted to a large number of foreign and domestic intelligence, processed in different schools and areas. One such research center is the School of Communication Studies at Kent State University (UK). Its brilliant representative, the world-famous Professor Dominic A. Infante, together with his colleagues and students, has developed a programmatic line of research and theory of argumentativeness and verbal aggressiveness inspiring many young communication scholars in the field. The object of the article is verbal aggression as a component of conflict communication. The subject is phrasemes denoting a certain type of verbal aggression, selected through a continuous survey of the academic dictionary of phraseology of the Ukrainian. Purpose: to identify and characterize the manifestations of verbal aggression (based on the typology of Dominic A. Infante) in Ukrainian phrasemics. The stated goal motivates the solution of the following tasks: 1) to outline the basic components of the terminological apparatus of the theory of verbal aggression in studies of Dominic A. Infante, his colleagues and students (‘verbal aggressiveness’, ‘verbal aggression’, ‘physical aggression’, ‘manifestation of verbal aggression’); 2) to describe the types of verbal aggression recorded in Ukrainian phrasemics, illustrating a specific communicative situation. Ukrainian phrasemics records all types of verbal aggression proposed by Dominic A. Infante: attack, curse, teasing, ridicule, threat, swearing, nonverbal emblems. A thorough analysis of the source base of the study shows that: а) the verbal aggression contains a negative evaluation nomination and serves as a marker of negative emotions towards the opponent (hostility, dislike, unfriendliness, dissatisfaction, anger, condemnation, evil, etc.); b) the verbal aggression actualizes severe / sharp attack, sensitive attack, attack with excessive demands; sharp condemnation with an ominous wish of failure, disaster, all evil; ridicule with caustic remarks, insulting words; calling someone names, giving nicknames; a promise to cause some evil, trouble; rude, unfriendly words and expressions and the spread of rumors, etc.; c) the attack correlates with swearing / quarreling and is accompanied by sharp, offensive words, condemnation, reproach with varying degrees of intensification; d) the threat is positioned as a warning, a warning about the transition to physical aggression; e) the main nonverbal sign is the look. We see the prospect of research in the further identification of the phrasemic specificity of the verbal aggression in a comparable aspect.

How do Chilean seniors think about arguing?

This project investigates orientations toward interpersonal arguing among Chilean seniors (N = 243), having a mean age of 72 years. We found no prior attention to seniors in the interpersonal arguing literature, and only a little to Chileans. Sited within the US framework for studying interpersonal arguing (see Hample, 2016), this project collected seniors’ responses to survey items indexing argumentativeness, verbal aggressiveness, argument frames, personalization of conflict, and power distance. Our exploratory work involved use of a second sample of Chilean undergraduates (N = 80) for comparison. Comparisons showed that the seniors were less likely to argue, especially for play. Seniors were more interested in asserting dominance and were less cooperative and civil. Few sex differences were observed among the seniors, whereas quite a few had been previously found for Chilean undergraduates. These differences are attributed to the age of the seniors, although the possibility of a cadre effect is considered. Neither Chilean seniors nor younger adults displayed negative correlations between approaching and avoiding arguments, a result which has become an increasingly urgent theoretical issue across the world.

Islamic vigilantism and women in social media

In Bangladesh, the number of cyber-citizens has been skyrocketing since the 2010s. Violence against women is also proliferating along with the presence of Islam in public spheres and discourses. Using thematic analysis, this study analyzes the discourse data collected from Facebook, the dominant social media of Bangladesh. The key aim of the research is to find out the bedrock of Islamic vigilantism and verbal aggressiveness against women in social media. Subsequently, three interlinked themes have been explored: women’s religiosity, women’s attire, and women’s virtue. The findings have shown that men mainly capitalize on these three conventional and stereotyped ideas of popular Islam to conduct vigilantism against women in social media, which is most often accompanied by different types of verbal aggressiveness. Further, this study considering deep-rooted misogyny and patriarchy in Bangladesh society argues that these factors might have contributed to directing online vigilantism against women. As little research has been done in this area, this research study would lead to further researches in this area.

COVID-19 NEWS AND AUDIENCE AGGRESSIVENESS: ANALYSIS OF NEWS CONTENT AND AUDIENCE REACTION DURING THE STATE OF EMERGENCY IN LATVIA (2020–2021)

This research focuses on the interrelation between news content on COVID-19 of three largest online news sites in Latvia (delfi.lv, apollo.lv, tvnet.lv) and the audience reaction to the news in the Latvian and Russian channels during the state of emergency. By using a tool for audience behaviour analysis, the Index of the Internet Aggressiveness (IIA), for analysis of audience comments, the study aims to uncover how and whether news about COVID-19 affect the level of audience aggressiveness. The study employs two data collection methods: news content analysis and IIA data analysis, in which ten index peaks are selected in each of the two emergency periods (spring 2020, fall and winter 2020/21). The study data consists of content analysis of 400 news items and analysis of ~80,000 comments, identifying the level of aggressiveness, the number and structure of comment keywords. The results show that the level of public aggressiveness is only partially formed by the attitude towards COVID-19 news: less than half of the most aggressively commented news is devoted to information about COVID-19. An increase in the level of aggressiveness of the audience of online news sites can be observed at the end of 2020 and at the beginning of 2021 when it is higher than over the course of 2020.IIA is an online comment analysis platform, which analyses user-generated comments on news on online news sites according to pre-selected keywords, allowing to grasp the dynamics of commenters’ verbal aggressiveness. In addition, IIA exploits a machine learned classifier to recognize not only potentially aggressive keywords but also to analyse the entire comments. In January 2021, the IIA data set consists of ~24.89 million comments (~611.97 million words) added to ~1.34 million news articles.

Communication and humanization of care: Effects over burnout on nurses

Background Healthcare professionals may have certain psychological characteristics which contribute to increasing the quality of their professional performance. Objective Study the effect that humanization of care and communication have on the burnout syndrome in nursing personal. Methods The sample included a total of 330 Spanish nurses. Analytical instruments used were the Health Professional’s Humanization Scale (HUMAS), Communication Styles Inventory Revised (CSI-R) and Brief Burnout Questionnaire Revised (CBB-R). Results Two broad nursing profiles could be differentiated by their level of humanization (those with scores over the mean and those with scores below it in optimistic disposition, openness to sociability, emotional understanding, self-efficacy, and affection), where the largest group had the high scores. A communication repertoire based on verbal aggressiveness impacted indirectly on the effect of humanization on burnout, mainly in the personal impact component. We observed the relation of humanization profiles in nursing staff with the job dissatisfaction and burnout components. Besides that, some communication styles, verbal aggressiveness and questioningness, have an indirect effect on the relationship between humanization profiles and job dissatisfaction. Conclusions The results on the relationship between communication styles and burnout, and the mediator effect of communication styles on the relationship between humanization of care and burnout in nursing personnel are discussed.

Examining the Moderating Effects of Work Unit Size and Task Analyzability in the Relation Between Leader’s Communication Style and Leader-Member Exchange

There is a consensus regarding the impact of the leader’s communication on the relationship with their followers and on the achievement of organizational outcomes. This study seeks to contribute to clarifying the impact that contextual factors have on the leader’s communication in order to know how leaders should adjust their communication style, depending on the job characteristics, to build high quality relationships with their followers. Therefore, the current research examines the moderating role of two context factors in the effectiveness of leaders’ communication in generating the leader-member relationship. Through a moderation analysis on a sample of 149 white-collar workers, this research study analyzes how work unit size and task analyzability interact regarding six dimensions of leader communication style in relation to LMX. Results suggest that the work unit size moderates the relationship between two dimensions of leader’s communication style (preciseness and verbal aggressiveness) and LMX. Specifically, the positive effect of preciseness on LMX smooths as the work unit size increases. The negative effect of verbal aggressiveness on LMX becomes more intense as work unit size increases. Furthermore, task analyzability moderates the positive relationship between emotionality and LMX for low levels of task analyzability. As a result, this study contributes by deepening on why leaders’ communicative behaviors can have favorable/unfavorable results in specific contexts and on how a leader can modulate his/her communication style according to the context, in order to improve the LMX. Implications are discussed.

Self-Assessment of Teachers’ Communication Style and Its Impact on Their Communication Effectiveness: A Study of Indian Higher Educational Institutions

The excellence of educational institutions can be developed and improved by the teachers’ consistent and effective communication in classrooms. This study embarks to investigate the effect of teachers’ communication style (CS) on their communication effectiveness (CE), based on self-assessment, during classroom teaching. The results indicate that CS has significant influence on CE, with “Expressiveness” and “Preciseness” emerging as best styles of communication, whereas “Verbal Aggressiveness” has negative impact on faculties’ CE. It also investigates the differences in CE of the faculty based on their gender and subject specialization. Findings indicate gender differences on the basis of two CE variables—“Listening” and “Ability to get the Message Across.” But there is no difference in instructors’ CE when compared on basis of subject specialization. The findings of the study have implications for the faculty members to enhance their CE, by understanding their CS, which will further have an impact on students’ satisfaction and learning.