The Multiple Meanings of Odysseus’ Triumphs

2019 ◽  
pp. 173-192
Author(s):  
Alexander C. Loney
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Alternative Evaluation ◽  
Multiple Meanings

This chapter pursues the implications of the failure of the poet’s overt program, as demonstrated in chapter 4. The Odyssey contains multiple perspectives on Odysseus’ triumphs, which may be glimpsed through underappreciated layers of meaning or irony in certain words or phrases. The poem allows its audience to consider a darker, alternative evaluation of Odysseus’ character. It is shown that Odysseus silences Eurykleia and spares Phemios in order to control the narrative of his actions in the slaughter of the suitors. A final section considers an aspect of Odysseus’ responsibility for the deaths of the companions.

scholarly journals Introduction: Protecting Animals in an Age of Globalization

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Charlotte E. Blattner
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
The Public ◽  
Complex Problems ◽  
Animal Law ◽  
Animal Laws

In this introduction to Protecting Animals Within and Across Borders, readers are introduced to the topic of extraterritorial animal law and given a roadmap for the book. The chapter explains how animals are bred in one country, slaughtered in another, processed in another, then exported, and that highly mobile multinational corporations systematically exploit weaker animal laws to decrease production costs. Evidence is offered to show that states, policymakers, lawyers, and the public all seek to determine whether and how animals can be protected across borders. The chapter describes the arc of subsequent chapters and their interrelation, making the case that these complex problems can only be solved if they are analyzed from multiple perspectives, including trade, public international, and animal law. The final section outlines the author’s methodology to solve the problems the text raises.

EURYKLEIA'S SILENCE AND ODYSSEUS’ ENORMITY: THE MULTIPLE MEANINGS OF ODYSSEUS’ TRIUMPHS

Ramus ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 52-74
Author(s):  
Alexander C. Loney
Keyword(s):  
Critical Study ◽  
Alternative Evaluation ◽  
Multiple Meanings ◽  
Prevailing View

At his greatest moment of triumph, Odysseus demands holy silence. The hero who has more to say about himself than any other Homeric character, who boasts that his fame resounds up to heaven, quiets his most ardent accomplice, the old, faithful nurse Eurykleia, as she is about to shout in joy at his victory over the suitors. Why this uncharacteristic circumspection, this apparent humility? Reaching an answer to this question will take us through several important topics in the critical study of the Odyssey. We will find greater nuance to Odysseus’ ethics than are usually allowed; certain words and phrases have underappreciated layers of meaning that are brought out by paying attention to other contexts and parallel episodes in which they are used; focalization can be deliberately obscured; several of Odysseus’ greatest triumphs turn out to have an ironic cast. The broader conclusion my investigation leads to is that, behind the surface, positive interpretation of his character, Odysseus casts a darker shadow connoting a more sinister evaluation. Odysseus recognizes the possibility of such a negative interpretation when he silences both Eurykleia and the darker, alternative evaluation of his character that her reaction ironically signifies. This conclusion should lead us to revise a prominent (perhaps even the prevailing) view that the Odyssey is essentially a univocal text. This study might best be thought of as an experiment in seeing how far we can take the possibility of multiple, countervailing interpretations of Homeric language. If my reading is even partly persuasive, the Odyssey will come to seem more sophisticated and more disturbing than we might have thought.

scholarly journals Understanding the videograme genre: a qualitative analysis of the “playing contract”

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Tulia Maria Cășvean
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Online Games ◽  
Umberto Eco ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Multiplayer Online Games ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Game Features ◽  
Multiple Meanings ◽  
Industry Professionals ◽  
Depth Interviews

<p>Available in the widest variety of forms, with or without the ”story” or the scoring, played alone (single player), with a few partners (multiplayer) or with many others (massive multiplayer online games), the videogames categories are built on multiple perspectives that depend on the observer and his or her agenda. Embedded in the popular culture, videogames exploit models and formal containers, pre-worked materials, well-known heroes, stereotypes and myths. Paraphrasing Umberto Eco, (1989) different videogame categories become a “playing contract” between producers and players, who should instantly recognize on its basis the videogame’s genre -characterized by multiple meanings, functions, production models and audience expectations, and evolving through time. The overall understanding of videogames depends on defining their genre framework as opposed to labels or marketing tools used by the game producers – a blueprint that requires an arrangement of specific elements. While not proposing an exhaustive genre categorization, this paper aims to assess the plot as a suitable criterion for videogame genre framework by correlating the specialists’ opinions on plot usage with the manner in which the plot is reflected into the game features. The findings and the conclusion of this paper are supported by in-depth interviews with industry professionals and by a videogames plot evaluation grid built in line with the methodology proposed by Aarseth, Smedetad and Sunnanå (2003) and Tobias’ plot evaluation (1993).</p>

scholarly journals Long-Term Ecological Research

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Ecological Research ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Long Term Ecological Research ◽  
Probing Questions

The Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Program is, in a sense, an experiment to transform the nature of science, and represents one of the most effective mechanisms for catalyzing comprehensive site-based research that is collaborative, multidisciplinary, and long-term in nature. The scientific contributions of the Program are prodigious, but the broader impacts of participation have not been examined in a formal way. This book captures the consequences of participation in the Program on the perspectives, attitudes, and practices of environmental scientists. The edited volume comprises three sections. The first section includes two chapters that provide an overview of the history, goals, mission, and inner workings of the LTER network of sites. The second section comprises three dozen retrospective essays by scientists, data managers or educators who represent a broad spectrum of LTER sites from deserts to tropical forests and from arctic to marine ecosystems. Each essay addresses the same series of probing questions to uncover the extent to which participation has affected the ways that scientists conduct research, educate students, or provide outreach to the public. The final section encompasses 5 chapters, whose authors are biophysical scientists, historians, behavioral scientists, or social scientists. This section analyzes, integrates, or synthesizes the content of the previous chapters from multiple perspectives and uncovers emergent themes and future directions.

scholarly journals Four Different Perspectives on Human-Computer Interaction

1985 ◽  
Vol 14 (203) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kammersgaard
Keyword(s):  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Computer Applications ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Systems Perspective ◽  
The Media ◽  
Computer Interaction

In this paper the value of a multiperspective view on the use of computers is stressed. It is argued that the ability to apply more than one perspective is valuable both to designers of computer applications, to researchers dealing with human-computer applications, and to users of a particular computer application. As a means for that the systems perspective, the dialogue partner perspective, the tool perspective, and the media perspective are represented. All four perspectives are primarily characterized in relation to human-computer interaction, and the characterizations are based on a common set of concepts presented at the start of the paper. In the final section the value of applying multiple perspectives is illustrated by means of a few examples.

A matter of perspective: multiple readings of George Gaylord Simpson's Tempo and mode in evolution

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cain
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Evolutionary Studies ◽  
Multiple Meanings

The paper examines book reviews produced for George Gaylord Simpson's (1944) Tempo and mode in evolution. This book was one of a series of key American publications in the synthesis period (1930s–1940s) of evolutionary studies. When these reviews are organised by their authors' specialities, patterns in emphasis arise. The patterns raise important questions about reader perspective and the various ways meaning was imposed onto this book. The analytical concept of polyvalence – the idea that within a community of readers, texts come to have multiple meanings and this pluralism leads to different notions of value – provides a useful tool for drawing implications about this case. In particular, an emphasis on polyvalence and multiple perspectives solves a stalemate between conflicting interpretations of the synthesis period. The reviews of Simpson's book show many perspectives were active in the period, yet the main historical interpretations of the period each build from only one of those multiple perspectives. As a result, each necessarily is incomplete. A more satisfactory understanding of the period will need to build on the concept of polyvalence.

A job, a dream or a trap? Multiple meanings for encore careers

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Simpson ◽  
Margaret Richardson ◽  
Theodore E Zorn
Keyword(s):  
Later Life ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Successful Ageing ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Ageing Workforce ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Multiple Meanings ◽  
Positive Ageing

Governments and activists are interested in the ageing workforce, as both a problem and, potentially, an asset. Terms such as ‘positive ageing’ and ‘successful ageing’ are increasingly used rhetorically to (re)frame the working lives of elders, and demand careful examination. A recent entry in the discursive re-construction of work in later life is ‘encore careers’, which highlights retirement as a time when individuals choose to use their wealth of experience, engaging in work that matters and makes meaningful contributions to society. This article reports on a study that used a multiple perspectives approach to analyse the discourse of elders engaged in encore careers and managers who work with them.

Multiple Perspectives on the Barriers to Identification and Management of Pediatric Voice Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Jana Childes ◽  
Alissa Acker ◽  
Dana Collins
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Voice Disorders ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Voice Disorder ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Vocal Qualities ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
University Settings

Pediatric voice disorders are typically a low-incidence population in the average caseload of clinicians working within school and general clinic settings. This occurs despite evidence of a fairly high prevalence of childhood voice disorders and the multiple impacts the voice disorder may have on a child's social development, the perception of the child by others, and the child's academic success. There are multiple barriers that affect the identification of children with abnormal vocal qualities and their access to services. These include: the reliance on school personnel, the ability of parents and caretakers to identify abnormal vocal qualities and signs of misuse, the access to specialized medical services for appropriate diagnosis, and treatment planning and issues related to the Speech-Language Pathologists' perception of their skills and competence regarding voice management for pediatric populations. These barriers and possible solutions to them are discussed with perspectives from the school, clinic and university settings.

Suicide and the Media

Crisis ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Warwick Blood ◽  
Jane Pirkis
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Causal Association ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
Media Portrayal ◽  
The Media ◽  
Actual Suicide ◽  
Multiple Meanings

Summary: The body of evidence suggests that there is a causal association between nonfictional media reporting of suicide (in newspapers, on television, and in books) and actual suicide, and that there may be one between fictional media portrayal (in film and television, in music, and in plays) and actual suicide. This finding has been explained by social learning theory. The majority of studies upon which this finding is based fall into the media “effects tradition,” which has been criticized for its positivist-like approach that fails to take into account of media content or the capacity of audiences to make meaning out of messages. A cultural studies approach that relies on discourse and frame analyses to explore meanings, and that qualitatively examines the multiple meanings that audiences give to media messages, could complement the effects tradition. Together, these approaches have the potential to clarify the notion of what constitutes responsible reporting of suicide, and to broaden the framework for evaluating media performance.

A Simple Event and the Complexity of Multiple Perspectives

1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 975-976
Author(s):  
Donna L. Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Simple Event
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document