Conundrums of the Commentary

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-32
Author(s):  
Eric Lawee
Keyword(s):  
Striking Feature ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Contextual Meaning

Rashi’s Commentary evokes a number of challenges and perplexities, beginning with the fact that it has experienced more textual vicissitudes than any other medieval Jewish work. In addition, the character and aims of the Commentary remain elusive. The most striking feature of Rashi’s exegesis is its mixture of “contextual” meaning (peshuṭo shel miqra) and classical midrashic expositions, which have a much more exegetically fanciful and theologically free character. The problem lies in the relationship between the elements. Rashi’s use of midrash may be what has most endeared the Commentary to its diverse audiences for over close to a millennium. The element of midrash also meant that the ever more classic Commentary imparted a Jewish vision whose overall thrust was often clear—but using an elusive and allusive medium whose constituents remained pliably open to interpretation, and sometimes begged for it.

scholarly journals ON THE PROBLEM OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SECULARISM AND RELIGIOSITY

Adam alemi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
D. Kussainov ◽  
◽  
M. Nurov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Life ◽  
Religious Organization ◽  
Religious Behavior ◽  
Ethical Assessment ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Qualitative State ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Contextual Meaning

The purpose of the article is to study the relationship between secularism and religiosity, to reveal the internal structure of their contextual meaning. The first part of the article examines the place of the principle of secularism in the system of spiritual and religious values. Secularization, secular, and references to secularization in most cases may be unclear. Currently, there is no easy way to standardize each term by associating it with only one concept. But the fact that different terms have a single linguistic root should not hide that they work in different conceptual frameworks with different histories. Although they sometimes inform each other, we must distinguish between the scope of application, such as a reference to temporary life or secular life, Constitutions that separate religion from politics, and the possible collapse of religion. The second part reveals the place of the concept of religiosity in the system of philosophical knowledge. The inconsistency and multilevel nature of religious life can be traced from the earliest time, primarily in religious analysis. The problem of determining the qualitative state of a believing person, aspirations, values, optimality of human behavior is reflected in this ideological scientific search for determining her religiosity, classification of types religion, religious behavior. Therefore, to date, the authors have not been able to avoid, firstly, an ethical assessment of the situations under consideration, and secondly, not to link the analysis conducted with the tasks and activities of a religious organization. The problem of religiosity in the consciousness and behavior of people, radical changes took place in society, which led to the emergence of new religious trends and changes in traditional trends. The terms denoting the main phenomena in religious life have undergone changes following religious life.

scholarly journals Poligami: Antara Teks dan Konteks Sosial

AL- ADALAH ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Moh. Mukri
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Literal Meaning ◽  
Difficult Condition ◽  
Textual Approach ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Contextual Meaning

This article discusses the proposition of Syara’ concerning polygamy. The aim is to find out the relationship between literal meaning of the text and the socio-historical context underlying the issuance of the provosion. This study utilizes historical, textual approach to obtain a vivid, comprehensive perspective of the literal and contextual meaning. As it is already known, the proposition of polygamy is Surah an-Nisa’: [4]: 3 plus a number of hadiths relating the issue. According to history, the reasons underlying the revelation of Surah an-Nisa’: [4]: 3, actually, was to reprimand companions who wanted to marry orphans in their guardianship but unwilling to give dowry as much as when they married other women. Thus, the verse was not solely about polygamy or limitation of the number of wives, but it also contained a criticism against contemporary tradition which tended to be arbitrary in releasing lust. Furthermore, polygamy itself is not recommended nor even impulsive in Islam. As the above-mentioned shura implies, Islam prefers monogamy than polygamy, as it imposes difficult condition for those who want to do polygamy

A Tertiary Level of Understanding in Qumran Interpretive Texts Discoverable Through Cascading Stichwörter

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-231
Author(s):  
David Katzin
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Sacred Texts ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Contextual Meaning

This study is premised on the understanding that the authors of the Qumran Pesharim believed that rare words and word combinations held special-contextual meaning when found in sacred texts. In support of this concept it is shown that Pesher uses an exegetical technique in which scriptural verses identified through rare words contained within them, and which are lexically associated with the lemma through Stichworter, are themselves used to provide additional keywords. Through these keywords subsequent verses containing other rare or conspicuous words are identified which, although not directly associated with the lemma, are incorporated into the interpretation. This process could be repeated multiple times, i. e., cascading Stichworter, in order to “reveal” a desired interpretation. In the cases presented, this very elegant hermeneutical method has the key benefit of explaining in an objective way not only the relationship between the lemma and the gloss but also the narrative flow of the gloss itself. Most importantly, it also provides a third level of understanding to the text: 1) lemma 2) gloss and 3) a newly revealed level consisting of the community’s dogma, theological underpinnings, and kerygma. Further, this hermeneutical method allows for the understanding that the interpretation promulgated was revealed through the “Word (davar) of God,” based on divinely placed markers which would alert the inspired-understanding reader to pay attention to their surrounding context and then make the required connections. This method is illustrated first in its simplest form with the use of the basic building blocks of this technique to contemporize scripture. Ultimately, it is shown that Pesher carries this technique a step further by using these units of hermeneutics to build on one another into what can be understood as a cascade of Stichworter and word crafting which is presented in increasing levels of intricacy.

scholarly journals NATIVE LANGUAGE INTERFERENCE IN ARRANGING ENGLISH TEXT BY INDONESIAN STUDENT

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Kadek Restu Sumaranama
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Native Language ◽  
English Text ◽  
Correct Word ◽  
Lexical Choice ◽  
Foreign Language Learners ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Contextual Meaning

This research was conducted based on the goal for finding and analyzing the emergence of interference or integration in the English text arranged by student whose native language is Bahasa. The interference was found in the field of syntax, with some mistakes in picking the word with correct word category, such as mistakenly replaced noun by verb, adjective by noun, noun by verb, and noun by adjective.  These all mistakes were all perceived as the interference of Indonesian as native language, since in Indonesian, the distinction between words in different categories or class is less-likely unseen. Besides, semantically, the lexical choice of the students in their arrangements was also observed. The dictionary meaning was chosen by the student and less-aware to the contextual meaning. The last one was the copula issue, that is about the relationship between subject and its to BE, where the students did mistakes in mistakenly put the BE, that is in Indonesian is commonly omitted.  Based on the analysis, it was found that the interference was frequently found and unavoidably committed by the students in their English use.  Therefore, expectantly this study may become the preliminary study that leads to the further intelligent tactic from the overall parties of people, linguists and the learners in responding and maintaining this phenomenon faced by the foreign language learners or Indonesian.

Qurʾānic Studies and Historical-Critical Philology

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 31-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika Neuwirth
Keyword(s):  
Historical Research ◽  
The West ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Historical Queries ◽  
Textual Meaning ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Traditional Understanding ◽  
Contextual Meaning

Qurʾānic scholarship in the west today tends to privilege historical queries, focusing on fragmented texts, their alleged subtexts, and the codex’s earliest venues of transmission. It usually abstains from attempts at making sense of the text as a literary artifact, let alone as an epistemic intervention into the reception of the Bible. Such concerns are left to philology which—if we follow Sheldon Pollock—is a tripartite venture: a query for “textual meaning,” an investigation into the text’s traditional understanding, i.e. its “contextual meaning,” and finally a re-thinking of one’s own scholarly preconceptions and responsibilities, the “philologist’s meaning.” Few topics are better suited to demonstrate the urgency of complementing historical with philological research than the Qurʾān’s controversial relation to the Bible. A fresh approach—updating the time-honored but somewhat fusty historical critical method—is required: a diachronic, yet contextual, and moreover holistic, reading of the Qurʾān. This paper will discuss texts that—featuring Muhammad and Moses respectively—reveal two major shifts in the relationship between the Qurʾān and Biblical tradition.Historical research should not be left alone: philology’s two assets, the contextual reading and moreover the researcher’s self-reflection, need to be admitted to the stage of Qurʾānic Studies. Christian interpretation of the Bible that, for historical and political reasons, has until now not taken the Qurʾān into account, could benefit substantially from the Qurʾān’s Biblical criticism, let alone its intrinsic challenge to rethink prevailing exclusivist positions.

scholarly journals Eastern Poetry by Western Poets: Powys Mathers’ ‘Translations’ of Sanskrit Erotic Lyrics

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-224
Author(s):  
Maddalena Italia
Keyword(s):  
Lyric Poetry ◽  
English Version ◽  
The West ◽  
Erotic Poetry ◽  
Classical Poetry ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Contextual Meaning

This essay focuses on a pivotal (if understudied) moment in the history of the translation and reception of Sanskrit erotic poetry in the West – a moment which sees the percolation of this classical poetry from the scholarly sphere to that of non-specialist literature. I argue that a crucial agent in the dissemination and inclusion of Sanskrit erotic poems in the canon of Western lyric poetry was the English poet Edward Powys Mathers (1892–1939), a self-professed second-hand translator of ‘Eastern’ literature, as well as the author of original verses, which he smuggled as translations. Using Black Marigolds (a 1919 English version of the Caurapañcāśikā) as a case study, I show how Powys Mathers’ renderings – which combined the practices of second-hand and pseudo-translation – are intertextually dense poems. On the one hand, Black Marigolds shows in watermark the intermediary French translation; on the other, it functions as a hall of mirrors which reflects, magnifies and distorts the emotional and aesthetic dimensions of both the classical/Eastern and modern/Western literary world. What does the transformation of the Caurapañcāśikā into a successful piece of modern(ist) lyric poetry tell us about the relationship that Western readers wished (and often still wish) to have with ‘Eastern’ poetry? Furthermore, which conceptual tools can we mobilize to ‘make sense’ of these non-scholarly translations of classical Sanskrit poems and ‘take seriously’ their many layers of textual and contextual meaning?

scholarly journals IR properties of H2O megamaser galaxies, pumping mechanisms, and central sources

2002 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 408-411
Author(s):  
Yu Zhi-yao
Keyword(s):  
Flux Density ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Striking Feature ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Density Ratios ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Small Dust

The IR-properties of all the host galaxies which exhibit H2O megamaser emission have been studied in this paper. The most striking feature is the anticorrelation of the log[S(60)/S(100)] vs. log[S(12)/S(25)] and log[S(25)/S(60)] vs. log[S(12)/S(25)], and the correlation of log[S(60)/S(100)] vs. log[S(25)/S(60)]. These anticorrelations and the correlation in the flux density ratios can be explained by the coexistence of large and very small dust particles. The relationship between the luminosity of the H2O megamaser and the infrared luminosity vs. the flux density ratio of S(60)/S(100), S(25)/S(60), and S(12)/S(25) have been studied. The correlation of the luminosity vs. S(60)/S(100) and the luminosity vs. S(25)/S(60), and the anticorrelation of the lumonosity vs. S(12)/S(25) are obtained, respectively. The pumping mechanism of the H2O megamaser is discussed according to the these results. The characteristics of the central sources are also studied, according to these relationships.

scholarly journals TAFSIR KONTEKSTUAL ATAS MODERASI DALAM AL-QUR’AN: SEBUAH KONSEP RELASI KEMANUSIAAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Mahbub Ghozali ◽  
Derry Ahmad Rizal
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Religious People ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Contextual Meaning

This study focused on the meaning of the word moderate in the Qur'an contextually with reference to the QS. [2]: 143 and QS. [5]: 66. The idea of  concept on religious moderation  was still related to the meaning and urgency of moderate attitude by linking this attitude to the behavior of certain religious people. There were three problems in this study, (1) what was the form of the meaning of wasth and muqtashid? (2) what were the factors behind the meaning? (3) how the contextual meaning was generated. To respond the research problem, this study used a qualitative method using content analysis. This study revealed that the mention of moderate party in the Qur'an was not limited to Muslims, but also refers to other people. This was based on the similarity of meaning between the word wasth which was used to refer to Islam and muqtasid which was used to refer to Jews and Christians. Moderate was thus not identical to religion, but it was oriented to the attitude of humanity owned by everyone regardless of religion. Moderation thus did not always indicate the relationship between religion, but the relationship between human being.

Interstellar gas in the central region of the Galaxy

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Galactic Centre ◽  
Interstellar Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Recombination ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Centre Region ◽  
The Relationship

A review is given of information on the galactic-centre region obtained from recent observations of the 21-cm line from neutral hydrogen, the 18-cm group of OH lines, a hydrogen recombination line at 6 cm wavelength, and the continuum emission from ionized hydrogen.Both inward and outward motions are important in this region, in addition to rotation. Several types of observation indicate the presence of material in features inclined to the galactic plane. The relationship between the H and OH concentrations is not yet clear, but a rough picture of the central region can be proposed.

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