EXPLORING CULTURAL LANDSCAPES OF KAZAKHSTAN IN A SEMIOTIC WAY

The article considers the project “Tugan Zher” (“Homeland”) of the Kazakhstani national program “Course towards the future: modernization of Kazakhstan’s identity” and the possibility to resort to the works and ideas of the well-known Italian philosopher and semiotician, recognized expert in Middle ages Umberto Eco while implementing the program, as in his numerous works the Italian scientist reflects much on the meaning of such notions like signification, reconstruction and memory. His philosophy of culture is the study of signs and languages and belief that understanding of the world requests understanding how we interpret it through the language and signs we use, constant mediation that stands in the way between us and the world. The poetics of openness, advocated much by Eco, is especially actual under the current realities. The present research proves the semiotic concept of U. Eco to be effective in exploring cultural landscapes, which being regarded as signs, carriers of some valuable information, add much to the spiritual legacy of the nation.

VALUE DILEMMA: SOVIET IDEOLOGY AND MODERN CULTURE

This article describes the foundations of Soviet ideology, theoretical and practical layers of the concept of scientific atheism, solutions and principles of Bolshevik politics. This characteristic is a definition showing how and what ideological speculative methods were used in the field of Javitology, formulated on a scientific basis. The patterns of Soviet ideological interpretations of the doctrine, culture, heritage, path, philosophy, history are defined. The dilemma between the values of modern culture and Soviet scientific atheism was conducted on a philosophical level. And some kind of clairvoyant concept was used for anti-religious agitation groups in Soviet politics.

CO-EVOLUTION OF HIGH TECHNOLOGIES AND ARCHITECTONICS OF SOCIETY: TO THE BACKGROUND OF THE PARADIGM

The article deals with a number of cultural and historical forms of implementation of the principle of coevolution of technologies and the semantic organization of society. Using Plato's cosmogony as an example, the use of numerical symbolism as a matrix of the divine creation of the world and the human soul is analyzed. The article analyzes the difference between technologies introduced by ancient Greek philosophers and the philosophy of Taoism in China, based on: 1) on the cultivation of natural processes, and 2) on giving the material substrate any arbitrary shapes. The role of this difference in the endowment of ethical characteristics and power functions of key mythological characters is shown. Using the example of the mythological symbolization of metallurgy and blacksmithing, the features of the archaic perception of complex technological processes are analyzed. On the example of the architectural design of the "Panopticon" by I. Bentham, one of the first social technologies and its role in the transformation of the concept of power and the ways of its implementation is considered. Various forms of realization of the idea of the panopticon with the help of digital information and communication technologies are analyzed.

KAZAKH CULTURA AS THE BASIC FOR THE NATION-BUILDING OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

The article is devoted to the study of the role of the factor of Kazakh ethnicity in the process of nation-building in Kazakhstan. In the opinion of the authors of the article, the Kazakh cultural beginning is the system-forming and founding nation, the beginning. The birth of statehood itself on the territory of modern Kazakhstan is associated with the ethnic and cultural genesis of the Kazakhs. At the same time, in the period of modern times, Kazakhstan was also formed as a multicultural community of peoples. The acquisition of modern independence by the republic in 1991 is associated with national, and, above all, Kazakh, revival, restoration of the Kazakh cultural origin as a system-forming nation. The authors focus on these processes not only of the cultural revival of the Kazakh people, but also of its dominance in all other spheres of life, for example, such as political-ideological and socio-economic. This objective process is reflected in the institutional and structuralfunctional aspects of nation-building, strengthening the role and significance of the Kazakh language as the state language in the country, modern demographic trends, the formation of Kazakh civil political culture and, in fact, the model of the formation of national identity. Scientists pay attention to the peculiarities of the Kazakh model of multiculturalism, the basic values of modern Kazakh society, in which such principles as common interests, social stability, tolerance, loyalty of society to the institutions of power, the culture of cooperation and social comunitarism have taken root. The authors come to the conclusion that the Kazakh model of social project, which is based on the Kazakh social partnership, is the guarantor of sustainable and progressive social development. Attempts to disavow or belittle the value of Kazakh identity or replace it with any other artificial formats under the influence of external factors can have the most negative impact on social stability and constructive, progressive social development. According to scientists, further social transformation is associated, first of all, with the strengthening, modern content, expansion and rooting of the Kazakh cultural origin in the process of nation-building in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

VIEWS OF POLITICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL TRENDS RELATED TO THE LAND CONFLICT AND ITS STATUS

The land conflict has long been a type of actual conflict. There are land conflicts of various levels in Kazakhstan. There are different points of view related to the land conflict. There are many prerequisites for the emergence of these views. The study examined the views of representatives of various political and philosophical trends related to the status of the earth. Representatives of the liberal trend consider land as capital. The analysis of the works of representatives of the liberal movement considering land as capital is carried out. Representatives of the socialist trend consider land as state property. Lenin's works deal with issues related to the resolution of the land conflict. Representatives of postcolonialism explain the emergence of the earthly conflict by the influence of colonial empires. In connection with the land conflict, the positions of the Alash intelligentsia are considered. Meanwhile, the analysis of differences in the views of socialists and the Alash intelligentsia in resolving the land conflict was carried out. In traditional Kazakh society, land is considered as a value. This is not consistent with the concepts of capital or property. The earth is considered as a sacred concept. A comparative analysis of such different points of view is carried out. The historical prerequisites for the emergence of a land conflict at the present time are considered.

THE EXISTENTIAL NATURE OF THE HIKMETS OF AHMED YASSAWI

This article analyzes existential concepts in the work of Ahmet Yassawi “Diwani hikmet”, which forms the Sufi direction of the deeply rooted Turkic civilization, using comparative research methods. In this context, the article collected and investigated the following metaphysical problems, such as the unity and struggle of time and being, disinterested attachment to the Creator, as well as the phenomenon of life and death. The content of the Hikmet is an existential representation of a religious preaching orientation, filled with the principles of a nomadic civilization developed in the Kazakh steppe. Although the main goal of the Hikmet is religious, there are often such existentials as the existence of the Creator and the problems of human existence, life and death, morality, justice, responsibility, conscience. The main position of the Hikmets is to point out a direct path to the Islamic world and suggest ways to form a “True Muslim”. The concepts of the book of wisdom are a way of revealing transcendental contradictions for those who are in an existential crisis. For those who cannot understand the meaning of life and are in existential stagnation, we decided to use the hikmet of Ahmet Yassawi to explain the meaning of real life.

ON THE PROBLEM OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SECULARISM AND RELIGIOSITY

The purpose of the article is to study the relationship between secularism and religiosity, to reveal the internal structure of their contextual meaning. The first part of the article examines the place of the principle of secularism in the system of spiritual and religious values. Secularization, secular, and references to secularization in most cases may be unclear. Currently, there is no easy way to standardize each term by associating it with only one concept. But the fact that different terms have a single linguistic root should not hide that they work in different conceptual frameworks with different histories. Although they sometimes inform each other, we must distinguish between the scope of application, such as a reference to temporary life or secular life, Constitutions that separate religion from politics, and the possible collapse of religion. The second part reveals the place of the concept of religiosity in the system of philosophical knowledge. The inconsistency and multilevel nature of religious life can be traced from the earliest time, primarily in religious analysis. The problem of determining the qualitative state of a believing person, aspirations, values, optimality of human behavior is reflected in this ideological scientific search for determining her religiosity, classification of types religion, religious behavior. Therefore, to date, the authors have not been able to avoid, firstly, an ethical assessment of the situations under consideration, and secondly, not to link the analysis conducted with the tasks and activities of a religious organization. The problem of religiosity in the consciousness and behavior of people, radical changes took place in society, which led to the emergence of new religious trends and changes in traditional trends. The terms denoting the main phenomena in religious life have undergone changes following religious life.

POTENTIAL OF PERSONALITY: HISTORICAL RETROSPECTIVE

The essence of personality potential is one of the important characteristics of understanding a person as an integral being, creating an individual space of personal aspirations and values. The origins of the problem under consideration in various forms are present in the philosophical reflections of many researchers and have a long history. Even Socrates, Plotinus, Cicero, Thomas Aquinas drew attention to the deep foundations and spiritual essence of man, to the presence of virtues in a state of potential stagnation, to the need for their development in order to achieve the ideal of perfection. N. Kuzansky, S. L. Frank, P. I. Tillich noted the presence of latent force unfolding in time in living beings, the rejection of the self and introduction into something higher, the correlation of the divine and the human, the interconnection of things and events, etc. The modern world actualizes the solution to the problem, creating conditions for a deeper understanding of the potential, consideration of its integrity and the essential foundations of maximum realization. The crisis in all spheres of human life, economic, political, social, requires a quantum leap in understanding the potential and building, on the basis of modern studies of the phenomenon, new projects for transforming reality. In this regard, understanding the historical aspect of studying the logic of the genesis of potential makes an invaluable contribution to solving this problem. Understanding the depth of philosophical thought in a historical retrospective about the origin, emergence and existence of potential will allow you to connect the past and the present, as well as qualitatively advance into the future.

GENDER ASPECTS OF SUFI PRACTICES IN KAZAKHSTAN AND ABROAD

Previously, women have played an important role in the development of Sufism. Sufi tradition recognizes the unity of being, regardless of the gender duality of the world. The recognition of this doctrine contributed to the spiritual development of women in Sufism. Sufi women play an important role in tariqah. The study of the female Sufi experience, as well as the influence that women had on the Sufi worldview and Sufi practice, is not only valuable from a cultural and historical point of view, but also helps to better understand the place and role of women in Muslim society. In this regard, the article is devoted to the role of women in modern Sufi groups in the world and in Kazakhstan. Famous women-Sufis in history, modern female Sufi organizations in the world and participation of women in modern Kazakhstani tariqas will be considered. The aim is to examine Sufi organizations through the prism of female actors. The materials of the article are based on data from open information and academic sources. Also on field research of Sufi groups in Kazakhstan and Turkey from 2016 to the current period.

REASONS FOR EXISTENCE OF VARIOUS COGNITIVE ASPECTS OF THE JIHAD

This article discusses the emergence of fiqh and political groups in Islam, explains the significance of jihad and the direction in which it was used. The article analyzes the reasons behind the use of jihadist concepts by these groups for their own purposes, and provides the reasons for the appearance of misconceptions related to jihad. The article also explains how the verses and hadiths of the Quran were used as tools to protect the interests of fiqh and political groups.