Pengaruh Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh di Tengah Pandemi COVID-19 dan Kecemasan Orang Tua terhadap Perilaku Religius Siswa

The aims of this study were to 1) determine the effect of distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic on the students’ religious behavior; 2) determine the effect of parental anxiety on the students’ religious behavior, 3) Knowing the effect of distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic and parental anxiety about the students’ religious behavior of Muhammadiyah 1 Kartasura Junior High School academic year 2020/2021. This research is quantitative. The sample of this study was 72 students of Muhammadiyah 1 Kartasura Junior High School academic year 2020/2021. Test the instrument using validity and reliability tests. Classical assumption test using normality test, multicollinearity test, and heteroscedasticity test. The data analysis technique used Multiple Linear Regression, F test, t-test, and coefficient of determination (R2). The results showed that distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic on the religious behavior of Muhammadiyah 1 Kartasura Junior High School students academic year 2020/2021 proved to have a negative effect. The effect of parental anxiety on the religious behavior of Muhammadiyah 1 Kartasura Junior High School students academic year 2020/2021 has been proven to impact positively. The impact of distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic and parental anxiety on the religious behavior of Muhammadiyah 1 Kartasura Junior High School students academic year 2020/2021 has proven to be influential.

Muhammadiyah Covid-19 Islamic Boarding School: A Complete Self-Isolation Model With Neurospritual and Psychosocial Approaches

<p class="abstrak">The purpose of this study was to analyze the Covid-19 Muhammadiyah Islamic boarding school with the complete independent isolation model. The subjects of this study consisted of Covid-19 patients and leaders of Covid-19 Islamic boarding schools. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study type. This research was conducted at the Covid-19 Muhammadiyah Islamic Boarding School in Yogyakarta, which was located at the PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Yogyakarta. Data collection techniques using direct interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis technique followed the Miles and Huberman model, namely data display, data reduction, and data verification. The validity of the data using triangulation. The results showed that the approach model used was complete self-isolation, on psychosocial and neurospiritual aspects. With the development of social relations on the psychosocial aspects, patients feel healthy and not stressed. As for the increase in priests and spiritual neurospiritual perspectives, it helps the immunity of Covid-19 patients to remain stable and their good deeds are better. This research has implications for Covid-19 patients in repairing and coaching related to social behavior and religious behavior during the Covid-19 period.</p><p class="abstrak" align="left"><strong> </strong><em>Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis pesantren Covid-19 Muhamamdiyah dengan model Isolasi mandiri paripurna. Subjek penelitian ini terdiri dari pasien Covid-19 dan pimpinan pesantren Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitataif jenis studi tudi kasus. Penelitian ini dilakukan di pesanren Covid-19 Muhamamdiyah Yogyakarta yang bertempat di Rumah sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara langusng, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data mengikuti model Miles dan Huberman yaitu display data, reduksi data, dan verifikasi data. Keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pendekatan yang diguanakn isolasi mandiri paripurna, pada aspek psikososial dan Neurospiritual. Dengan adanya pembinaan hubungan sosial pada aspek psikososial pasien merasa sehat dan tidak stress. Adapun peningkatan imam dan spiritual perpespektif neurospiritual membantu imun pasien Covid-19 tetap stabil dan lebih baik amal sholehnya. Penelitian ini berimplikasi terhadap pasien Covid-19 dalam perbaikan dan pembinaan yang berhubungan dengan prilaku sosial dan prilaku beragama di masa Covid-19.</em></p>

Taqiyyah sebagai Peneguhan Harmoni dan Toleransi: Studi Aksiologi

<p class="06IsiAbstrak">Every behavior cannot be freely valued, including religious behavior which has been carried out by the Shia community. This article examines the values inherent in the taqiyya carried out by the Shia community in Banjaran Village, Bangsri, Jepara Regency. The problems which are answered: how the concept of Taqiyya according to Shia community in Banjaran; how they practice it in socio-religious life; and what values are put forward from the implementation of taqiyya. Answering these problems based on a descriptive qualitative research. Data was collected from Shia figures, Shia believers, village chief and secretaries, as well as non-Shia residents. Data collection is carried out through non-participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. Triangulation technique is used to check the credibility of the data. The analysis technique uses the interactive analysis model of Miles and Huberman. The results of the study indicate that taqiyya according to the Shia community in Banjaran is to refrain from revealing their Shia identity. They implement it, both in matters of worship and social interaction, when they are forced. Taqiyya is carried out by the Shia community in Banjaran within the framework of its function as an expression of obedience, as well as a strategy of self-defense and belief, as well as a strategy to adapt thus its existence is accepted and does not disturb society in general. This is where in the practice of taqiyya religious and social values are attached. These values contribute to the strengthening of harmony and tolerance in Banjaran. <strong></strong></p>

ON THE PROBLEM OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SECULARISM AND RELIGIOSITY

The purpose of the article is to study the relationship between secularism and religiosity, to reveal the internal structure of their contextual meaning. The first part of the article examines the place of the principle of secularism in the system of spiritual and religious values. Secularization, secular, and references to secularization in most cases may be unclear. Currently, there is no easy way to standardize each term by associating it with only one concept. But the fact that different terms have a single linguistic root should not hide that they work in different conceptual frameworks with different histories. Although they sometimes inform each other, we must distinguish between the scope of application, such as a reference to temporary life or secular life, Constitutions that separate religion from politics, and the possible collapse of religion. The second part reveals the place of the concept of religiosity in the system of philosophical knowledge. The inconsistency and multilevel nature of religious life can be traced from the earliest time, primarily in religious analysis. The problem of determining the qualitative state of a believing person, aspirations, values, optimality of human behavior is reflected in this ideological scientific search for determining her religiosity, classification of types religion, religious behavior. Therefore, to date, the authors have not been able to avoid, firstly, an ethical assessment of the situations under consideration, and secondly, not to link the analysis conducted with the tasks and activities of a religious organization. The problem of religiosity in the consciousness and behavior of people, radical changes took place in society, which led to the emergence of new religious trends and changes in traditional trends. The terms denoting the main phenomena in religious life have undergone changes following religious life.

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION AND ADOLESCENT RELIGIOSITY (Part 1: Urban and Rural Madrasah Aliyah Characteristics in Lombok Island)

The current social circumstances at the spiritual level have brought an enormous influence on the establishment of religious behavior in adolescent students, both in the level of belief, practice, and religious experience. Religious education in the madrasah environment has a strategic position in building students' religious behavior. This study aims to explain why the rural and urban madrasah environment context is essential to observe the role of religious education, especially Islamic education, in building students' religious behavior in Lombok island. Then it sorts out the madrasahs characteristics or uniqueness from the two different regions, rural and urban. This research is qualitative psychological research with ecological contextual theory as the theoretical framework. The data analysis method is descriptive and holistic by employing three flows of interacting activities, e.g., reducing data, presenting it, and drawing conclusions. Data was obtained through documentation, observation, and in-depth interviews. This research was conducted in six madrasahs, i.e., two Madrasah Aliyah located in the downtown, and four Madrasah Aliyah, which geographically represent the category of the rural madrasah. The research results indicate that the spiritual development of the students cannot be separated from the religious education context in their environment. In urban areas context, the madrasah environment has formal systemic characteristics, is supported by strong management and leadership, maintains the madrasah stability and conduciveness by implementing a power strategy through a set of rules and code of conduct. Meanwhile, madrasas in rural areas have flexible, dynamic, and adaptive characteristics, in which education takes into account cultural aspects and values applied in the community.

KONSTRUKSI SOSIAL PERILAKU KEAGAMAAN ANAK DI LOKALISASI WERU, KEDIRI

Prostitution complex has so far been labeled as a risky place for the child's growth process, as well as in the aspect of forming religious behavior. This article intends to answer the question of how the process of forming religious behavior of the child in the prostitution complex at Weru, Kediri. This study uses a qualitative approach by observing and doing in-depth interviews with children, parents who work as prostitutes, pimps, mosque administrators and the head of POKJA at the prostitutions site, as data collection techniques. Concerning theoretical perspective, this research employs the Social Construction theory of Peter L. Berger. The results revealed that the children at the prostitution complex of Weru could not carry out religious activities properly because their family and surrounding environment was not supportive. The social construction that is formed the prostitution complex does not show religious values that should become the main focus of life.Lokalisasi selama ini dilabelkan sebagai tempat yang riskan untuk proses tumbuh kembang anak, demikian pula dalam aspek pembentukan perilaku religius. Artikel ini bermaksud untuk menjawab pertanyaan bagaimana proses pembentukan perilaku keagamaan anak-anak di lokalisasi Weru Kediri dengan menggunakan teori Konstruksi Sosial dari Peter L. Berger. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam terhadap anak-anak di lokalisasi, para orangtua yang bekerja sebagai PSK, mucikari, pengurus masjid, dan ketua POKJA di lokalisasi. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa anak-anak di lokalisasi Weru ini tidak dapat menjalankan kegiatan keagamaan dengan baik karena faktor keluarga dan lingkungan yang kurang mendukung. Konstruksi sosial yang terbentuk dalam lokalisasi ini tidak menunjukkan nilai-nilai religius yang seharusnya menjadi tumpuan utama kehidupan.

The Etruscans: Setting New Agendas

The Etruscans, who dominated central Italy for much of the first half of the first millennium BC, are ripe for new analysis: the quantity of data for their culture is now substantial, wide ranging, and qualifies for large-scale comparison. In this paper, we survey how research in the last decade has affected our understanding of settlements, of changing models of the transfer of ideas, and of Etruscan religious behavior, among other topics. We place them into complex spatial, architectural, and economic narratives to show that the interplay between microhistorical case studies and macrohistorical trends has now achieved what ought to be a paradigmatic status. Despite the continuous flow of specialist publications and an industry of exhibitions, however, the Etruscans have not broken through into mainstream archaeological awareness. We argue that this could be achieved if future research becomes more thematic and agenda driven and embraces comparative study.

Complicating Classification: Cognitive Science Comes to Religion

In this chapter Kathryn Lofton and Jeppe Sinding Jensen debate the merits of the cognitive science of religion and its role in defining religion. Lofton argues that Jensen’s initial definition is problematic since the study of religion has always been a humanistic and cultural as opposed to a biological and cognitive activity. To this Jensen replies that, while true, the cognitive science of religion adds another dimension with which to understand religion and religious behavior.

PENINGKATKAN PERILAKU SOSIAL KEAGAMAAN PESERTA DIDIK KELAS 6 SDN SIMOMULYO I SURABAYA MELALUI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM

This PTK study is motivated by the existence of religious activities at SDN Simomulyo I Surabaya such as tartil suroh-suroh juz 'amma, chanting Asmaul Husna, congregational prayer and infaq. These problems were discussed through field study research conducted in grade 6 SDN Simomulyo I Surabaya, with 36 students as respondents. Meanwhile, the data collection method used questionnaires, observation and documentation. The data were obtained by distributing questionnaires with a total of 30 questions and given to 36 students in grade 6. All data were analyzed using a quantitative approach and descriptive statistical analysis. The study shows that: (1) The application of Islamic religious education for 6th grade students of SDN Simomulyo I Surabaya has an average value of = 41.31. This shows that the intensity of students in participating in religious activities is in the High category, which is in the value interval 31–45. (2) The socio-religious behavior of grade 6 students at SDN Simomulyo I Surabaya has an average value of = 37.83. This shows that the socio-religious behavior of students is included in the High category, which is in the value interval 31 - 45. (3) There is an influence of variable X (Implementation of Islamic Education) on variable Y (Religious Social Behavior of Class 6 SDN Simomulyo Students. I Surabaya). Thus it can be said that there is a positive and significant influence between the application of Islamic religious education on the socio-religious behavior of students in grade 6 SDN Simomulyo I Surabaya is accepted.

Between Rocks and ‘High Places’: On Religious Architecture in the Iron Age Southern Levant

In this paper we examine why common methodologies for determining ‘religious architecture’ do not account for the diverse and fluid ways in which religious behavior can be expressed. We focus on religious architecture from the Iron Age Southern Levant highlighting certain sites that ‘fall through the cracks’ of current taxonomies. We propose a different way of approaching evidence for religious practice in the archaeological record, viewing religion as one dimension of social action made visible along a spectrum of ritualization.